Harry Kucharczyk
Need
 $438 Million
spent on annual
boating fuel
(Lipton 95)
 99.8% of goods
are transported
by ships
 Carbon Dioxide
emissions
continue to rise
www.unido-ichet.org
Knowledge Base
Bulbous Bow
o Reduces shock wave
oDecrease in friction drag
http://www.globalsecurity.org
www.marinefirefighting.com
Knowledge Base
Micro Bubbles
•Inserted in the
boundary layer
•Decreased
viscosity and
density of the
fluid
www.impactlab.com
Literature Review
 McCormick and Bhattchara (73)- injected hydrogen micro
bubbles into the turbulent boundary layer
 Madavan (84)- location and distribution of bubbles are
essential
 Kato (94)- determined reduced skin friction drag by 80%
through the use of micro bubbles
 Kodama (00)- performed experiments in a water tunnel
with microbubbles generated in an air injection chamber
by injecting air through a porous plate
Engineering Goals
 Examine the effects of passive and active flow control
in boat drag reduction
Purpose
 Reduce skin friction drag by using methods of passive
and active flow control
Experimental Setup
Bulbous Bow
Porous Plate
Experimental Setup
Accelerator sensor
weight
Flow
Direction
Experimental Setup (Top View)
Experimental Setup
Force Meter
Flow
Direction
Experimental Setup (Top View)
Force
Meter
Newton’s Second Law
Do Ability
 Water Tunnel is accessible in the lab
 Boat has already been constructed
 Bulbous bow can easily be inserted into the boat
 Microbubbles can be made through simple appliances
Budget
Item
Vendor
Water Tunnel
Lab
Boat
Lab
Porous Plates
ICT
International
Micro Aquarium Bubbler
Rena
Air Injector
Lab
Photogate & Pulley System
Pasco
Pasport High Resolution Force
Sensor
Pasport Acceleration Sensor
(2axis)
Total
Category #
Size
0604D04B15M1
5 in
radius
17163057048 2 in
Quantity
Price
5
1
$4.44
ME-6838
1
$80.00
Pasco
PS-2189
1
$139.00
Pasco
PS-2118
1
$105.00
$324.00
Bibliography
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Culley, Dennis. "Active Flow Control Laboratory." NASA - Active Flow Control. NASA. 29 Feb. 2008
<http://www.grc.nasa.gov/cdtb/facilities/flowcontrollab.html>.
Donovan, John, and Linda Kral. "Active Flow Control Applied to an Airfoil." American Institute of Aeronautics (1998).
Kato, H., Miyanaga, M., Haramoto, Y. & Guin, M. M. 1994 Frictional drag reduction by injecting bubbly water into
turbulent boundary layer. Proc. 1994 Cavitation and Gas-Liquid Flow in Fluid Machinery and Devices ASME 190, 185194.
Kodama, Y., Kakugawa, A., Takahashi, T., and Kawashina, H., 1999, “Experimental Study on Microbubbles and Their
Applicability to Ships for Skin Friction Reduction”, 1st Int. Symp. on Turbulent Shear Flow Phenomena, Santa Barbara,
U.S.A., pp.1-6.
Liou, William W. Microfluid mechanics. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005.
Lipton, Douglas W., and Scott Miller. "Recreational Boating in Maryland: An Economic Impact Study, 1993-1994." 6
Mar. 1995. Maryland Marine Trades Conference.
Madavan, N.K., Deutsch, S., Merkle C.L., 1984, “Reduction of Turbulent Skin Friction in Microbuubbles”, Phys. Fluids,
Vol. 27, pp.356-363.
McCormick, M.E., Bhattacharyya, R., 1973, “Drag Reduction of a Submersible Hull by Electrolysis”, Naval Engineers
Journal, Vol.85, No.2, pp. 11-16.
Pike, John. "Bulbous Bow." Global Security. 7 Oct. 2006. <http://www.globalsecurity.org>.
Scott, Jeff. "Vortex Generators." Aerospaceweb.org | Reference for Aviation, Space, Design, and Engineering. 14 Jan.
2001. <http://www.aerospaceweb.org/question/aerodynamics/q0009.shtml>.
Washington University in St. Louis (2009, March 18). Engineer Devises Ways To Improve Gas Mileage. ScienceDaily
Yoshida, Y., Takahashi, Y., Kato, H., et al. 1998A, “Study on the Mechanism of Resistance Reduction by Means of MicroBubble Sheet and on Applicability of the Method to Full-Scale Ship“, 22nd ONR Symp. on Ship Hydrodynamics, pp.116.