CO2 Technologies
2008
2010
2011
2014
Supermarket
Warehouse
Cold Storage
AQUILON TM
Chiller
AQUILON TM
Data Center
As you move your business forward, it is our goal today, to provide you with
a better understanding that you do have refrigeration management options.
Corporate Social Responsibility
Balancing needs, nature, profitability and risk………
Achieving
Profitability
Planet
People
Looking Ahead…………
A Changing Social Conscience
A Changing Corporate Conscience
Solutions ………
Good For Business
Good For People
Good For The Planet
Looking Ahead…………
Unpredictable Future?
‘‘To reduce emissions of HFCs, the United States can and will lead both through
international diplomacy as well as domestic actions.’’ This proposed rule is part of our
domestic commitment to take action now and, by doing so, also supporting efforts to
secure a global HFC phasedown.
- President Obama’s Climate Action Plan, June 2013
“Our Government is once again taking action to address climate change. We have already
taken action on some of the largest sources of emissions in this country, the transportation
and electricity generation sectors, and today, building on our record, we are proud to
announce that Canada will be taking pre-emptive action to reduce and limit harmful HFC
emissions, before they increase.”
– The Honourable Leona Aglukkaq, Canadian Minister of the Environment, September 2014
Risk Mitigation – Health & Safety
Employees, Environment &
The Community You Work In
Ammonia has excellent heat transfer capabilities and does not contribute to either ozone layer depletion
(ODP) or global warming (GWP) . For this reason it has been well established for many years. In fact,
some users are so loyal to ammonia that discussion of any other refrigerant solution receives little
consideration.
However, risk mitigation strategies, Corporate Social Responsibility, public perception, anticipated new
regulations and legislations, and the increasing availability and feasibility of options such as CO2, are
changing this landscape.
"I own a large inventory of a hazardous chemical refrigerant, stored and operating within the daily work activity of
many employees, suppliers and possibly customers. A catastrophic leak of this chemical can seriously injure or kill. What
am I going to do to prevent an accident, and who holds responsibility under the law of making it so?"
Risk Mitigation – Health, & Safety
Employees, Environment &
The Community You Work In
CO2 provides……..
……..Town officials urged residents to leave the area Friday morning, fearing that smoke irritants
and hazardous materials could cause health risks. Tecumseh fire Chief Doug Pitre says that two
holding tanks have been filled with ammonia from the plant, which might have become a hazard if
the fire had not been contained……….
- Excerpt of CTV news report, July 18, 2014
Looking Ahead…………
Future Looking Clearer?
Cap-and-Trade System
The Ontario government will move forward with a cap-and-trade system
and its carbon pricing system. Proceeds from this program will be directed
toward key priorities that will help lower greenhouse gases.
There will be an overall emission limit (the cap) on those facilities included
in the program, and methods of rewarding companies under this
threshold.
Ontario Government – April 2015
So………… What About Carbon Dioxide
History of CO2
• Technology that originally emerged in the mid-19th century
• 1850 : First CO2 refrigeration patent by Alexander Twining (England)
• 1890 : CO2 is seen as the only “safe” refrigerant
• Golden age from 1920 to 1930 with system up to 350T, to be phased out in favor of synthetic
refrigerants (R-12)
In the latter part of the 20th century, scientists began to understand the relationship between
synthetic refrigerant usage and the impact to the ozone layer and global warming.
With the signing of the Montreal Protocol, the world’s developed economies focused on
restrictions and a planned course of action towards elimination of the Ozone Depletion (ODP)
CFC and HCFC synthetics
History of CO2
• As a result, CO2 resurfaced in the 1990s
• 1991 : “Transcritical” patent by Gustav Lorentzen (Norway)
• 2009 : First appearance of CO2 systems in grocery stores in Canada
• 2010 : First CO2/NH3 cascade system for distribution centers in Canada (Carnot)
• 2010 : First Ice rink with (in slab) recirculated CO2 system in North America
• 2012 : First Ice rink with direct heat recovery CO2 system in North America (Carnot)
• >2013: Transfer of technology to other refrigeration applications (Carnot)
• 2013 : First Data center to run a CO2 cooling unit (Carnot AQUILON TM unit)
• Reliable and proven systems
• Presence in Europe for over 20 years
• Presence in Canada for more than 7 years
Securing Their Future – Consumer Goods Forum
On refrigeration, the Forum agreed to begin phasing-out
hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants as of 2015 and
replace them with non-HFC refrigerants.
X
With a
Ozone Depletion Potential of “0”
Global Warming Potential of “1”
Non Poisonous
Non Toxic
Non Corrosive………..
CO2
provides owners with a solution that is
Flexible
Reliable
Cost Effective
Safe ….. and
Environmentally
Responsible!
European Freon Restriction Summary
Will be prohibited from January 1st, 2020:
- Commercial refrigeration with HFC at GWP of 2500 or more
- Ex.: R404A, …
Will be prohibited in 2022:
- Commercial refrigeration (including sealed) with HFC at GWP of 1500 or more
- Ex.: R410A/R134A/R422D/R407C, …
- Commercial refrigeration plant with a capacity of 40kW or more with GWP of
1500 or more (including actual retrofit fluids)
- Ex.: R134A/R422D/R427A
Will be prohibited in 2025:
- Air conditioning with GWP of 750 or more
120%
-80% by 2030
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
From 2015 and reducing gradually:
- The European Commission will allocate quotas to producers and importers of
HFCs
- The HFC production and their entry in the European market : in general, the use of
HFCs will be reduced as follows:
0%
2015
2016-17 2018-20 2021-23 2024-26 2027-29
2030
Over 80 Systems Installed…
Profiles
Arenas & Distribution Centers
The
problems
The
problems
BEFORE
The vision
The vision
AFTER
Passion
Rigor
Passion
Rigor
Innovation
Innovation
AQUILON TM – The Future of Data Center Cooling
Spring 2012 : First meeting between end user and Carnot engineers.
The problems
- HFCs
- Leaks
- Energy
November 2013 : The first prototype.
The
vision
Mohamad
Rigor
Passion
Innovation
Mohamad
Passion
Innovation
Rigor
The prototype system function very well. Subsequent to additonal
engineering collaboration, the first field unit was installed in August
2014.
Distribution Centers and Supermarkets
Mitigating Risk………….
Improving ROI…..
NH3 / CO2 Hybrid Refrigeration System
NH3 / CO2 Cascade Refrigeration System
Business Case
Surface: ​12,000 m2 –
12m high
Consumption :
• 4.563.442 lbs/day
• (2.069.945 kg/day)
Ripening room :
• 22 Bananas (CO2)
• 3 Avocados (CO2)
• 22 bay loading dock
The Carnot system :
• Temperature
between 0 and 15oC
• 512 TR
• 800 lbs NH3
• 4500 lbs CO2
NH3 / CO2 Refrigeration system
Technologies Unique to CO2
Hot gas defrost
• Quick and efficient evaporation
• No additional energy consumption
• No heat addition in the system
• Single pipe CO2 system provides both heating and cooling
with no additional requirements for supplemenatry
heating.
Heat recovery
• Designed so that the heat recovery is direct
• Heat is 8 times greater than traditional systems with
intermediate glycol loop combined with ammonia
• Typical heat reclaim yields hot water at 185F
• No energy consumption or any additional equipment (pumps,
glycol loop, heating, etc.)
New Patented Technologies
“Free cooling” Mode
• Free cooling Mode at all times with
outside temperature of 7˚C (nearly
4000 hours per year and up to 14˚C)
• Ammonia compressors completely
stopped
• Equipment lifecycle cost reduced
CO2 Transcritical Refrigeration System
• Warehouse
•
•
•
•
•
Products
Volume
Area
Height
Loading dock
Cranberry
544 310 kg
4 180 sq. m
12 m
4 doors
(1 200 000 lbs)
(45 000 sq. ft.)
(40 ft)
• System
• Refrigerant
• Capacity
• Temperature
• Refrigerant charge
• Heat recovery
• Defrost
R744 only
644 kW
- 18˚C
1 500 kg
Sub-floor
Hot gas
(CO2)
(183 TR)
(0˚F)
(3 300 lbs)
CO2 Transcritical Refrigeration System
• Benefits
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
No HFCs
No NH3 (ammonia)
Non-toxic refrigerant
No cooling tower : Eliminate water consumption and chemical treatment
Reduces piping and insulation sizes by 50%
Full heat recovery for building
Free cooling mode (thermosyphon) also available
Typical installed costs up to 20% less than ammonia
/ (Chillers)
Positively IMPACTS your
Environmental STEWARDSHIP in
THREE ways
1. Lowers Global Warming Potential by eliminating Freon
2. Lowers Fossil fuel burning through high quality heat reclaim
3. Lower energy consumption reduces power consumption from grid
Positively IMPACTS your
BUSINESS in
THREE ways
1. Frequently has lower initial cost of installation
2. Frequently has lower lifecycle owning & operating costs
3. Always lowers risk management and increases public perception
Recognition
“Best of the Best” Prize 2013
“ASHRAE Best Technology – Industrial facility” Prize
2010
“Prix Energia” Prize 2013
“GreenChill Platine” Certification 2013
“Canmet study”
“Innovation & Development” Prize 2013
“Cleantech Next10” Prize 2012
“Development Technology & Innovation” Prize 2012
Thank you