January 25, 2012
 Introductions
 Chapter 8 Concepts
 Chapter 8 Terms
 Intro to plant cloning
 Assignment: Terms. Define terms on page 171
 Due tomorrow! (Thursday)
 Reading: Ch 8
Intros!
 Mrs. Haddad (Mrs. H)
 UW-Platteville
 Agricultural Education
 Biotechnology
 I like to:
 Travel, play sports, scrapbook, and show cows
 mrshonlineag.wordpress.com
Plant Cloning
But First…
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvnKybI7fzU
Key Concepts
 Plants naturally propagate by cloning
 Advantages of cloning
 Identify plant “anatomy” involved
 Describe various methods
 Role of plant hormones
 Genetic alteration
Key Terms
 Asexual Reproduction
 Type of cloning that ensures a desirable species would be
produced
 Vegetative Propagation
 Increase in the number of plants by planting seeds, using
cuttings, division, grafting or layering
 Plastids
 Plant cell bodies containing photosynthetic pigments
Key Terms
 Separation
 Pulling apart plants where they naturally separate for
propagations
 Division
 Plant cuttings into sections and growing new from each section
 Stolons
 Runners; specialized stems that branch out horizontally above
ground
Key Terms
 Rhizomes
 Elongated underground stems; often tuber shaped
 Tuber
 Thickened or swollen underground branch or stolon with
numerous buds
 Bulbs
 Subterranean buds with overlapping membrane-like leaf bases
Key Terms
 Tunicate
 Bulb with dry outer layers and grows via small “bublets”
 Nontunicate
 Bulb with layers of outer scales that can be separated and
propagated
 Corms
 Enlarged fleshy base of a stem in which food accumulates
Key Terms
 Auxin
 Plant hormones
 Layering
 Propagations via covering a portion of the plant with soil to
encourage rooting off a stem of the parent plant
 Grafting
 Plant material from two separate plants joined into one
Key Terms
 Scion
 In grafting, the upper part of the plant
 Cambium
 Actively growing cells between bark and wood
 Callus Cells
 Undifferentiated tissue cells
Key Terms
 Xylem
 Plant “plumbing;” channel for
water and dissolved minerals
 Phloem
 Inner bark; channel for food
throughout the plant
 Tissue Culture
 Small amount of tissue used to
grow a new plant
Key Terms
 Meristem
 Plant tissue with undifferentiated
cells
 Explant
 Plant tissue containing meristem
cells; taken from very end of stem
or root
Intro to Plant Cloning
 History:
 One of the oldest forms of cloning
Natural
 Man made




Asexual Reproduction
Vegetative Propagation
STRAWBERRIES!
January 26, 2012
 Term Review
 FREE WRITE Discussion
 Advantages of Plant Cloning
 Assignment: Lab Write Up
 TOMORROW: Lab!
Advantages of Plant Cloning
 FREE WRITE!
 Take three minutes to list all of the advantages of plant cloning
you can think of.
Advantages of Cloning
 Video
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bWOAPYcMPHw
Advantages of Cloning
 Genetically identical
 More efficient
 Seedless
 Uniformity
 Resistance
 Yield
 Fertility
 Increased possibilities
 Nutritional Benefits
 Dependability
Disadvantages
 Genetically identical
 Diversity
 Disease Spread
 Disease Susceptibility
 Cost
 Time
 Reliance on humans
 Ethics
According to the USDA…
 Yield

A cloned plant can yield a thousand new plants from one parent
plant. This means that farmers can produce more crops without a lot
of seeds.
 Strength

Cloning a plant means you can choose the best plants to clone. An
entire crop of healthy, prosperous plants can be cloned from one
strong parent plant.
 Timing

Cloned plants grow at the same rate, so harvesting can become
streamlined.
 Food Options

So far, the FDA has stated that cloned food would be perfectly safe
for humans to eat. They have not, however, finalized a ruling to allow
cloned food on the market.
Read more: What Are the Advantages of Cloning in Agriculture? | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/facts_5750461_advantagescloning-agriculture_.html#ixzz1kU9V5qZV
In Preparation for Lab
 Fingerprinting & DNA Extraction
 DNA=code of life
 It’s how we know that there are over one million differences
between you and me. (That’s 0.1% of our DNA!!!)
 Read Introduction
January 27, 2012
 LAB!
 DNA Extraction and Fingerprinting
 Monday:
 Video: The Future of Food
 Prepare for critical thinking!!
February 1, 2012
 Types of cloning
 Tomorrow:
 Packet Due!
 Current Events work day

Meet here!
Types of Cloning
 Separation & Division
 Tuber & Bulbs
 Cuttings
 Layering
 Grafting
 Tissue Culture
But First…
 A few differences between animal & plant cells
 Plants: Central Vacuole, Cell Wall, Plastids
 EASIER TO CLONE!!



Why?
Greater natural frequency
Mitosis vs Meiosis
Separation and Division
 Separation
 Genetic consistency
 Faster growth
 Hybrid options
 Division
 Plant rejuvenation
 Early spring
Tubers and Bulbs
 Tubers
 Uniform crop vs True Seed
 New vs Old
Emergence
 Stems
 Tuber initiation
 Maturity
 Vigor
 Yield

 Bulbs
 Underground
 Divide into two
Cuttings
 Cut depends on plant species
 Ex: Potato
 http://www.ehow.com/video_7618017_plant-rose-
bush-cuttings.html

He’ll explain it better than I will…
Layering
 Three Types:
 Air (Ex: Rubber Plant)
 Mound (Ex: Shrubs)
 Tip (Ex: Black Raspberries)
 Bury a branch in the soil
 Eventually form roots
 Cut from original
 Transplant
Grafting
 A scion is removed from one plant and fused
onto another plant
 Cleft

The stock is cut in half, perpendicular to the ground. The
top is split, the scion inserted, and the graft sealed with
special wax.
 Bark
 The end of the scion is cut into a thin wedge, and the
scion is stored in a refrigerator. The scion is inserted
under the bark, secured with wire staples and sealed with
wax.
 Whip/Tongue
 Scion and stock are of the same diameter. A slender V cut
is made at the end of the scion and a matching V is cut
into the stock. The point of the scion is placed into the
receiving V and the graft is bound and sealed with wax.
 Best time for a woody cut is during dormancy!!
Tissue Culture
 Originated in France (mid ‘60s)
 Micro propagation (In-Vitro)
 Screen cells rather than plants
 Produce valuable compounds
 Cross distant species
 Rapid breeding
 Tissue for transformation
 Obtain “clean stock” from meristem
 Large numbers of identical
individuals
Fun Facts
 Some plants grown only for the male
 Ex: Asparagus
 Some are propagated by their rhizomes & corms
 Bermuda Grass
 Gladiolus
 High relative humidity helps growth after
propagation
February 2, 2012
 Packet Due TODAY!
 Cloning GMOs
 Packet Due Today!
 Friday: Terms Quiz & Current Events
Article
 Read the article
 Answer the questions
 Highlight words or phrases you don’t understand
February 3, 2012
 Terms Quiz
 Current Events
 Think of questions
 Agronomy speaker Monday!!
February 6, 2012
 Today: Agronomy Speaker
 Tomorrow: LAB
 Tonight: Be ready for lab quiz before lab tomorrow!
February 7, 2012
 LAB!
 Tomorrow: Current Events presentations
February 8, 2012
 Test Review
 TEST TOMORROW!!