中文105
Fall 2009
你好
Nǐ hǎo
1.介绍(Introduction)
 My
name…董治音 (Dong3 zhi4 yin1)
（董老师 Dong3 lao3 shi1: teacher Dong）
 The course..
 How is the course taught?
 Questions?
 Your Chinese names..
 What do you know about the language
that we call “Chinese”?
1.What do you know about Chinese
(mandarin) as a language?
 Phonetics
 Morphology?
 Syntax
(Grammar)
 Dialects
 Orthography: The Characters
 Now, some Chinese  !
Ni3 hao
 A-Ni3
hao!
 B-Ni3 hao!
 A-Wo3 shi4 ….
 B-Wo3 shi4…
 A-Xin4 hui4
 B-Xin4 hui4! Zai4 jian4
 A-Zai4 jian!
1.Classroom Expressions…
Zài
jiàn-Good bye
Xiè xiè-thank you
Hěn hǎo-very good
Nǐ
hǎo-hello
1.The Three Parts of The
“Chinese alphabet”-Pinyin
 First,
A new classroom expression:
Qǐng gēn wǒ niàn: read after me
 Initials: Consonants and consonant
clusters
 Finals: Vowel and vowel combinations.
 Tones: Chinese is a tonal language!
 Let’s look at an example:
Nǐ hǎo
1-2.Syllable, Word, and Character
 One
or more syllables make a word:
 Each syllable has a Chinese character
Tone
initial
Nǐ
你
final
hǎo
好
2.The Pinyin Chart
Finals
a
o
e
ê
1234
e
1234
(ê)
-i
er
ai
234
er
1234
ai
ei
ao
ou
an
en
ang
eng
1234
ao
1 34
ou
1 34
an
14
en
12 4
ang
1 34
ban
1 34
ben
1 34
bang
1234
beng
Initials
1234
a
b
1234
ba
p
12 4
pa
m
1234
ma
1234
bo
1234
mo
1234
bai
1 34
bei
1234
bao
1234
po
1234
pai
12 4
pei
1234
pao
1
pou
12 4
pan
12 4
pen
1234
pang
1234
peng
me
234
mai
234
mei
1234
mao
23
mou
1234
man
12 4
men
23
mang
1234
meng
2.The Finals
a,
e,
u,
o,
i,
ü
2.The Initials-Part I
b
d
g
p
t
k
m
n
h
f
l
3.The Initials-Part II
j
z
zh
q x
c
s
ch sh r
The Initials Song
B,p,m,f
d,t,n,l
G is the brother of k and h
J as in jeep, q is like cheese,
X means “west”
In Chinese
Z c s silk we all like,
Zh ch sh r run really fast.
3.The Tones
3.Practice!
Mā má mǎ mà
Dī dí dǐ
dì
Gē gé gě gè
4.Classroom Expressions
shī hǎo Hello Teacher
 Xiè xie
Thank you
 Bú kè qi
You are welcome
 Lǎo
4.The Compound Finals-Part I
1.
ai
2. An
3. Ia
in
ei ao ou
en ang eng ong
iao ie iu ia
iang ing iong
4.Our First Tongue Twister!
Sì he shí 四和十
Sì shì sì,
四是四
Shí shì shí
十是十
Shísì shì shí sì,
十四是十四
Sì shí shì sì shí.
四十是四十
Four is four
Ten is ten.
Fourteen is fourteen,
Forty is forty.
4-5.Let’s review and do some
practice
sing the song one more time!
 Compound finals-part I
flashcards
 Initials-let’s
5.The Compound Finals-Part II
1.
ua
uan
2. üe
3. er
uo
un
üan
uai
ui
uang ueng
ün
5.Tone Sandhi
 New
classroom expression: Qing3 wen4
 Two or more third tones =
second + third
 Two fourth tones =
fourth + neutral
 third tone + Any tone=
half third tone + any tone
A Game!
 Pinyin
举示
6. Spelling rules




First some classroom expression: Qǐng wèn
When there is no intials before finals starting with u, w
shall be added as initial. For example: u - wu
If there is other vowels after u, u shall be changed to w.
For example:
ua – wa uo –wo
uai –wai
uei – wei
When there is no intials before finals starting with i, y
shall be added as initial. For example:
in –yin
ing -ying
 If there is other vowels after i, i shall be changed to y.
For example:
ia – ya
ie –ye iao –yao
iou –you
6. Spelling rules
 When
there is no intials before finals
starting with ü, y shall be added as initial
no matter if there is vowels after ü. When y
added, ü is changed to u. For example:
ü – yu üe – yue üan – yuan
ün –yun
 When initials other than n and l proceed
finals ü starting with, ü changes to u.
nü – nü
lü – lü
jü – ju
qü - qu
Practice
 Yan
 Ian
 uan
 wan
 yi
i
 Xu
 Xü
6. Where to mark the tones?

The tone mark is placed over the vowel if there
is only one vowel letter.
bù nà tè
 If there are two vowels, the tone mark is placed
on the first, unless the this first vowel is i or u.
kǎi
hēi
qiú
tuī
Qióng
zhuāng
chuán
 When the tone mark is place on i, the small dot
is removed.
yí
lín
huī
6.Classroom Expressions and L1
New words
bù qǐ
Sorry, excuse me
 Méi guān xi It’s O.K.
 How do you ask questions?
Nǐ hǎo mā How are you?
Wǒ hěn hǎo ! I am good.
Let’s greet each other this way!
 Let’s practice on L1 D1 new words..
 Duī
Another Game
写拼音比赛：男生组女生组
The Characters 中国字
 The
origin and categories of Characters
 Basic radicals
 Stroke order
 Basic strokes
 Let’s practice!
 Your homework( a lot of it):
The origin of Chinese Characters

The earliest Chinese
characters were
found on the “Oracle
bones” (turtle shells)
 Chinese written
system evolved over
the years and
developed many
different styles
Categories of Modern Chinese
Characters

Pictographic

Self-explanatory

Associative
compounds
Categories of Modern Chinese
Characters
 Pictophonetic
洋 妈
饭 钢
 Mutually explanatory
老
考
 Phonetic loan
来
我
Radicals

Radicals are basic
and meaningful
components of
Chinese characters.
Knowing them well
will greatly facilitates
your understanding of
the characters
你
好
Basic Strokes

There are a total of
eleven basic strokes
that in combination
form Chinese
characters. Each of
them should be
written in a particular
way
The stroke orders
1. Top before bottom
2. Left before right
3. Left vertical stroke (usually) before top horizontal stroke
4. Bottom horizontal stroke last
5. Center stroke before wings
6. Horizontal strokes before intersecting vertical strokes
7. Left-falling strokes before right-falling srokes
A final rule can contradict the others:
8. Minor strokes (often) last
Despite these conflicts between rules most students quickly acquire a
natural feel for the proper stroke order.
`
Lesson 1 New Words
 Let’s
write some of the new words from
Lesson 1， and pay attention to the
structures and radicals of these words
小姐
请问
您
贵姓
名字
我
Practice Quiz
I.
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
11)
13)
15)
Circle the sound you heard:
b
p
2) d
g
k
4) j
x
t
6) m
n
l
8) zh
z
c
10) l
ch
c
12) z
s
sh
14) j
c
z
t
q
f
sh
h
zh
g
Practice Quiz
II Circle the sound you heard and mark
the tones:
1)xi
3)za
5)si
7)xin
9)qi
shi
ja
xi
jin
chi
2)
4)
6)
8)
10)
ri
zhen
ge
chan
sha
li
chen
he
shan
zha