BIOL 197L – Lab #7: INVERTEBRATE
DIVERSITY AND ANATOMY I
Which phyla did we study in class?
And what genera represented these phyla?
Cnidaria
Hydra sp.
Platyhelminthe
Dugesia sp.
Mollusca
Venus sp.
Annelida
Lumbricus sp.
What phylum does this organism belong to?
What genus does this organism belong to?
Which life form is represented here?
What is the other life form?
Cnidaria
Hydra
Polyp (sedentary)
Medusa (free-swimming)
Other types of organisms that
represent the phylum Cnidaria:
•
•
•
•
Jellyfish
Sea anemones
Corals
Hydrozoans
What symmetry do cnidarians show?
Radial symmetry
What type of body plan do cnidarians
show?
Diploblasty
• Two germ layers:
• Ectoderm
• Endoerm
What internal space acts as the central
digestive cavity?
Gastrovascular cavity
Is the gastrovascular cavity a complete
or an incomplete gut?
The gastrovascular cavity is an
incomplete (or blind) gut
Identify:
Gastrovascular cavity
Identify:
Tentacles
What are the stinging cells of the
tentacles called?
Nematocysts
• Used to paralyze and entangle prey
• The tentacles push food through the mouth
opening
Identify:
Mouth
How do members of the genus Hydra
reproduce?
Asexually and sexually (hermaphroditic)
What is the asexual method called?
Budding
Note that budding occurs from the
gastrovascular cavity
Identify:
Tissue
What germ layer is it derived from?
Epidermis
Derived from ectoderm
Identify:
Tissue
What germ layer is it derived from?
Gastrodermis
Derived from endoderm
What acellular substance joins the
tissue tissues?
Mesoglea
Is this Hydra a male or female?
What is the structure that produces
this type of gamete called?
Male (note the multiple spermaries)
Testes (spermaries)
Is this Hydra a male or female?
What is the structure that produces
this type of gamete called?
Female (note that only one ovary is present – as
opposed to multiple spermaries in males)
Ovary
Identify:
Identify:
Tentacles
(The outer layer)
Identify:
Tentacles
Epidermis
The middle layer
Identify:
Tentacles
Epidermis
Mesoglea
Identify:
Tentacles
Epidermis
Mesoglea
Flagellum
Identify:
Tentacles
Mouth
Epidermis
The inner layer
Mesoglea
Flagellum
Identify:
Tentacles
Mouth
Epidermis
Gastrodemis
Mesoglea
Flagellum
Identify:
Tentacles
Mouth
Epidermis
Gastrodemis
Mesoglea
Gastrovascular
Cavity
Flagellum
Identify:
Identify:
Tentacles
(Containing nematocysts)
Identify:
Tentacles
(Containing nematocysts)
Mouth
Identify:
Tentacles
(Containing nematocysts)
Mouth
Asexual bud
What phylum does this organism belong to?
What genus does this organism belong to?
Platyhelminthe
Degusia sp.
• Free-living flatworms
• AKA planarians
What type of symmetry does Degusia
sp. show?
Bilateral symmetry
What is the term that is used to
describe the evolutionary milestone
that resulted in the anterior
concentration of nervous tissue, in
other words the presence of a head?
Cephalization
What body type does Degusia show?
Acoelomate
Identify:
Structure
Purpose
Auricle (ear-like structure)
Contains a variety of sensor cells,
chiefly of touch and chemical
detection
Identify:
Structure
Purpose
Eye spots
Detect light
Identify:
Structure
Purpose
Pharynx
Feeding structure
Identify:
Identify:
Ventral nerve
Cords
Identify:
Ventral nerve
Cords
Pharynx
Identify:
Gastrovascular
Cavity
Ventral nerve
Cords
Pharynx
Identify:
Gastrovascular
Cavity
Ventral nerve
Cords
Pharynx
Eyespots
Identify:
Gastrovascular
Cavity
Ventral nerve
Cords
Pharynx
Eyespots
Ganglia
Identify:
Gastrovascular
Cavity
Ventral nerve
Cords
Pharynx
Eyespots
Auricles
Ganglia
Identify:
Identify:
Pharyngeal chamber
Identify:
Pharyngeal chamber
Pharynx
Identify:
Pharyngeal chamber
Pharynx
Cilia
Identify:
Pharyngeal chamber
Pharynx
Cilia
Lateral branch of gut
Identify:
Pharyngeal chamber
Pharynx
Cilia
Endoderm
Lateral branch of gut
Identify:
Pharyngeal chamber
Pharynx
Cilia
Endoderm
Mesoderm
Lateral branch of gut
Identify:
Pharyngeal chamber
Pharynx
Cilia
Endoderm
Mesoderm
Ectoderm
Lateral branch of gut
What phylum does this specimen belong to?
What genera represented this phylum?
Mollusca
Venus sp.
Most mollusks share what four
characteristic features?
1) Foot – locomotion and
2) Visceral mass – housing of organs
3) Mantle – Secretes the shell
4) Shell – protection (CaCO3 which is made
of twp parts, called valves)
What type of symmetry does Venus
exhibit?
Bilateral symmetry
What body type does Venus exhibit?
Triploblastly
What type of body cavity does Venus
exhibit?
Coelomate
Determine the anatomical positions:
Determine the anatomical positions:
Dorsal
Determine the anatomical positions:
Dorsal
P
o
s
t
e
r
i
o
r
Determine the anatomical positions:
Dorsal
Ventral
P
o
s
t
e
r
i
o
r
Determine the anatomical positions:
Dorsal
A
n
t
e
r
i
o
r
Ventral
P
o
s
t
e
r
i
o
r
Identify:
Identify:
Pericardium
Identify:
Pericardium
Posterior adductor
muscle
Identify:
Pericardium
Posterior adductor
muscle
Mantle
Identify:
Labial palp
(the mouth
is located
here)
Pericardium
Posterior adductor
muscle
Mantle
Identify:
Labial palp
(the mouth
is located
here)
Anterior
Adductor
muscle
Pericardium
Posterior adductor
muscle
Mantle
Identify:
Note that this image is flipped, so the anterior is the right side, and the posterior is the left side.
You can see this by noting the position of the umbo.
Identify:
Note that this image is flipped, so the anterior is the right side, and the posterior is the left side.
You can see this by noting the position of the umbo.
Umbo
Identify:
Note that this image is flipped, so the anterior is the right side, and the posterior is the left side.
You can see this by noting the position of the umbo.
Umbo
Mantle
Identify:
Note that this image is flipped, so the anterior is the right side, and the posterior is the left side.
You can see this by noting the position of the umbo.
Posterior
Adductor
muscle
Umbo
Mantle
Identify:
Note that this image is flipped, so the anterior is the right side, and the posterior is the left side.
You can see this by noting the position of the umbo.
Umbo
Mantle
Anterior Adductor
muscle
Identify:
Note that this image is flipped, so the anterior is the right side, and the posterior is the left side.
You can see this by noting the position of the umbo.
Umbo
Mantle
Anterior Adductor
muscle
Foot
Identify:
(The green substance)
Identify:
(The yellow substance)
Digestive gland
Identify:
Gonads
Digestive gland
Identify:
Gonads
Digestive gland
Gills
Identify:
Gonads
Digestive gland
Gills
Visceral mass
Identify:
Gonads
Digestive gland
Gills
Visceral mass
Foot
Identify:
Gonads
Digestive gland
Gills
Visceral mass
Mantle
Foot
What phylum does this animal belong to?
What genus represented this phylum?
Annelida
Lumbricus sp.
What type of symmetry does Lumbrius
demonstate?
Bilateral symmetry
What body type does Lumbricus show?
Triploblasty
How does Lumbricus reproduce?
What type of body cavity does
Lumbricus have?
Coelomate
Sexually; Lumbricus is a
hermaphroditic, and transfer sperm
when mating (they do not self-fertilize)
Identify:
Identify:
Prostomium
Identify:
Prostomium
Mouth
Identify:
Prostomium
Peristomium
Mouth
Identify:
Prostomium
Peristomium
Mouth
Chaetae
Identify:
Prostomium
Peristomium
Mouth
Chaetae
Seminal receptacles
Identify:
Prostomium
Peristomium
Mouth
Chaetae
Seminal receptacles
Female gonopore
Identify:
Prostomium
Peristomium
Mouth
Chaetae
Seminal receptacles
Female gonopore
Male gonopore
Identify:
Prostomium
Peristomium
Mouth
Chaetae
Seminal receptacles
Female gonopore
Male gonopore
Sperm
groove
Identify:
Prostomium
Peristomium
Mouth
Chaetae
Seminal receptacles
Female gonopore
Male gonopore
Sperm
groove
Genital chaetae
Identify:
Prostomium
Peristomium
Mouth
Chaetae
Seminal receptacles
Female gonopore
Male gonopore
Sperm
groove
Clitellum
Genital chaetae
Identify:
Prostomium
Peristomium
Mouth
Chaetae
Seminal receptacles
Female gonopore
Male gonopore
Sperm
groove
Clitellum
Genital chaetae
Tubercle
Identify:
Identify:
Identify:
Pharynx
Identify:
Identify:
Identify:
Identify:
Identify: