3rd 9-weeks Exam Study Guide - Zoology
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. Scientists assign each kind of organism a universally accepted name in the system known as
a. traditional classification.
c. binomial nomenclature.
b. the three domains.
d. cladistics.
2. For many species, there are often regional differences in their
a. common names.
c. taxa.
b. scientific names.
d. binomial nomenclature.
3. The second part of a scientific name is unique to each
a. order in its class.
c. genus in its family.
b. family in its order.
d. species in its genus.
4. Several different classes make up a
a. kingdom.
c. family.
b. phylum.
d. genus.
5. Which two kingdoms did Linnaeus recognize?
a. bacteria and animals
c. plants and animals
b. plants and fungi
d. protists and animals
6. What is true about dissimilar organisms such as a cow and a yeast?
a. They are not related at all.
b. Their degree of relatedness cannot be evaluated.
c. Their degree of relatedness can be determined from their genes.
d. They can interbreed and thus are the same species.
7. Organisms in the kingdoms Eubacteria and Archaebacteria were previously grouped in a kingdom called
a. Animalia.
c. Monera.
b. Fungi.
d. Eukarya.
8. Biologists use a classification system to group organisms in part because organisms
a. are going extinct.
b. are very numerous and diverse.
c. are too much alike.
d. share too many derived characters.
9. The study of organisms requires the use of
a. only large, general categories of organisms.
b. only small, specific categories of organisms.
c. both large and small categories of organisms.
d. no categories of organisms.
10. In binomial nomenclature, which of the two terms is capitalized?
a. the first term only
c. both the first and second terms
b. the second term only
d. neither the first nor the second term
11. A genus is composed of a number of related
a. kingdoms.
c. orders.
b. phyla.
d. species.
12. The procedure of grouping organisms based on their evolutionary history is called
a. traditional classification.
c. derived characters.
b. binomial nomenclature.
d. evolutionary classification.
13. What do scientists consider when they perform cladistic analysis?
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a. only the DNA of organisms
c. derived characters
b. all traits of organisms
d. only physical similarities
Similar genes are evidence of
a. binomial nomenclature.
c. common ancestry.
b. mutations.
d. different anatomy.
What do all organisms have in common?
a. They use DNA and RNA to pass on information.
b. They are all prokaryotes.
c. They are all eukaryotes.
d. They are genetically identical.
All organisms in the kingdoms Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia are
a. multicellular organisms.
c. eukaryotes.
b. photosynthetic organisms.
d. prokaryotes.
The domain that contains unicellular organisms that live in extreme environments is
a. Eubacteria.
c. Archaea.
b. Eukarya.
d. Bacteria.
An animal is each of the following EXCEPT
a. multicellular.
c. heterotrophic.
b. autotrophic.
d. eukaryotic.
Animals that have no backbone, or vertebral column, are called
a. vertebrates.
c. deuterostomes.
b. ectoderms.
d. invertebrates.
When an animal’s environment changes, sexual reproduction improves a species’ ability to
a. react.
b. increase its numbers rapidly.
c. evolve.
d. produce genetically identical offspring.
A blastula is a stage in the development of an embryo that consists of a
a. solid ball of cells.
c. flat sheet of cells.
b. hollow ball of cells.
d. folded sheet of cells.
Which term is NOT associated with sponges?
a. choanocytes
c. spicules
b. medusa
d. gemmules
Which of the following best describes the feeding habits of sponges?
a. predators
c. parasites
b. filter feeders
d. detritivores
The benefit of a sponge’s producing gemmules is that the gemmules
a. are a form of sexual reproduction.
b. defend the sponge against predators.
c. help to filter food for the sponge.
d. allow the sponge to survive difficult environmental conditions.
Sponges benefit some marine animals by
a. providing a habitat.
c. poisoning their predators.
b. eating diseased coral.
d. supplying them with oxygen.
Cnidocytes help a cnidarian survive by
a. storing food.
c. paralyzing prey.
b. forming colonies.
d. providing movement.
The body symmetry of a cnidarian is
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a. radial in the medusa stage and bilateral in the polyp stage.
b. radial in both the medusa and polyp stages.
c. bilateral in both the medusa and polyp stages.
d. bilateral in the medusa stage and radial in the polyp stage.
What are animals that have a backbone called?
a. invertebrates
c. vertebrates
b. heterotrophs
d. eukaryotes
Which of the following are trends in animal evolution as animals become more complex?
a. having a body cavity
c. high levels of cell specialization
b. bilateral body symmetry
d. all of the above
When an animal zygote undergoes a series of divisions to form a hollow ball of cells, it is called a(an)
a. blastula.
c. ectoderm.
b. spicule.
d. anus.
What is an animal called whose mouth is formed from the blastopore?
a. protostome
c. mesoderm
b. deuterstome
d. archaeocyte
An animal that has distinct left and right sides shows
a. radial symmetry.
c. several planes of symmetry.
b. segmentation.
d. bilateral symmetry.
Unlike plants, sponges are
a. heterotrophic.
c. unicellular.
b. autotrophic.
d. photosynthetic.
Which of the following is a characteristic of cnidarians?
a. bilateral symmetry
c. radial symmetry
b. cephalization
d. internal fertilization
Cnidarians have two basic body types, a medusa and a(an)
a. larva.
c. polyp.
b. tentacle.
d. osculum.
The nerve cells of cnidarians make up a(an)
a. brain.
c. hydrostatic skeleton.
b. ocellus.
d. nerve net.
What is a digestive chamber with one opening called?
a. gastrovascular cavity
c. blastula
b. central cavity
d. hydrostatic skeleton
Which of the following is NOT true about flatworms?
a. They have a fluid-filled body cavity called a coelom.
b. They are the simplest animals to have three embryonic germ layers.
c. They are acoelomates.
d. They are bilaterally symmetrical.
Many flatworms can detect changes in the amount of light in their environment using groups of cells called
a. flame cells.
c. ganglia.
b. nerve cords.
d. eyespots.
In the tapeworm, both male and female reproductive organs are contained in each mature
a. scolex.
c. cyst.
b. proglottid.
d. egg.
In a pseudocoelom, mesoderm partially lines the
a. germ layer.
c. blood vessels.
b. body cavity.
d. pharynx.
____ 42. The larvae of many marine annelids are ecologically important because they
a. poison coral reefs.
b. are eaten by fishes and other marine animals.
c. feed on earthworms.
d. none of the above
____ 43. Which of the following is NOT true about mollusks?
a. They usually have an external or internal shell.
b. They are all filter feeders.
c. They are soft-bodied animals.
d. They have tube-shaped nephridia to remove ammonia from blood.
____ 44. The tubelike structure through which water enters and leaves a mollusk’s body is the
a. sinus.
c. coelom.
b. siphon.
d. mantle cavity.
____ 45. The most active mollusks are the
a. gastropods.
c. bivalves.
b. cephalopods.
d. nudibranchs.
____ 46. Which cephalopods have external shells?
a. nautiluses
c. octopi
b. squid
d. cuttlefish
____ 47. In earthworms, food is ground into small pieces in the
a. crop.
c. pharynx.
b. gizzard.
d. esophagus.
____ 48. The body of an annelid has
a. a backbone.
c. segments.
b. an external shell.
d. stinging tentacles.
____ 49. A type of annelid that is an external parasite is the
a. tapeworm.
c. leech.
b. polychaete.
d. earthworm.
____ 50. The bristlelike structures on some annelids’ bodies are called
a. setae.
c. nephridia.
b. suckers.
d. ganglia.
____ 51. The thin layer of tissue that covers a mollusk’s body is called the
a. mantle.
c. visceral mass.
b. foot.
d. shell.
____ 52. A pond snail is an example of a(an)
a. gastropod.
c. roundworm.
b. flatworm.
d. annelid.
____ 53. Filter-feeding bivalves can be used to monitor the environmental health of a habitat because
a. the bivalves reproduce rapidly in polluted water.
b. the bivalves concentrate pollutants and microorganisms in their tissues.
c. the bivalves live near deep-sea vents.
d. some bivalves never get cancer.
____ 54. The appendages of arthropods are
a. found only on the head.
b. hard and immovable.
c. jointed and extend from the body wall.
d. divided into six branches.
____ 55. All of the following are true about arthropods EXCEPT that
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a. they have a closed circulatory system.
b. they have an exoskeleton made of chitin.
c. they include herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores.
d. they move using muscles controlled by the nervous system.
An arthropod is vulnerable to predators during the molting period because
a. it must come out of hiding to molt.
b. its new exoskeleton is soft.
c. molting cannot occur without the assistance of predators.
d. predators are more numerous during this period.
The function of mandibles is to
a. bite and grind food.
c. propel an arthropod when it swims.
b. sense the environment.
d. support an arthropod when it walks.
Spiders feed by
a. swallowing their prey whole.
b. biting off and swallowing pieces of their prey.
c. sucking up prey tissues that have been liquefied by enzymes.
d. sipping nectar through a tubelike mouthpart.
Which of the following explains why flying has been beneficial to insects?
a. Nymphs can escape most predators.
b. Insects can disperse long distances and colonize a variety of habitats.
c. Insect societies can communicate without using pheromones.
d. The insect body plan can function with only two sections.
The skeleton of an echinoderm is an
a. exoskeleton made of calcium carbonate.
b. exoskeleton made of chitin.
c. endoskeleton made of calcium carbonate.
d. endoskeleton made of chitin.
The water vascular system of echinoderms is involved with each of the following body functions EXCEPT
a. respiration.
c. movement.
b. circulation.
d. reproduction.
Which of the following habitats do arthropods occupy?
a. the sea
c. the air
b. the land
d. all of the above
What does molting enable arthropods to do?
a. to breathe
c. to grow
b. to reproduce
d. to eat
Arthropods are classified based on the number and structure of their
a. eyes and wings.
c. muscles and bones.
b. body segments and appendages.
d. gills and hearts.
The compound eyes of insects
a. are made of many lenses.
b. are located on the thorax.
c. produce an image that is more detailed than what humans see.
d. are not very good at detecting movement.
The body of an insect is divided into a
a. head and a thorax.
c. head, a thorax, and an abdomen.
b. head and a cephalothorax.
d. cephalothorax and an abdomen.
Which of the following is NOT a stage of complete metamorphosis?
a. nymph
c. larva
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b. egg
d. pupa
In most ant societies, egg laying is performed by
a. the workers.
c. hundreds of queens.
b. one queen.
d. reproductive males.
In an echinoderm, the structure that operates like a living suction cup is the
a. madreporite.
c. stomach.
b. tube foot.
d. nerve ring.
The echinoderms that look like warty, moving pickles are
a. sea urchins.
c. sea stars.
b. sea cucumbers.
d. feather stars.
An acoelomate is an animal that has
a. a body cavity lined with endoderm and ectoderm.
b. a body cavity partially lined with mesoderm.
c. a body cavity completely lined with mesoderm.
d. no body cavity between the germ layers.
Which invertebrates exhibit radial symmetry?
a. cnidarians and echinoderms
c. roundworms and annelids
b. sponges and flatworms
d. mollusks and arthropods
Cephalization refers to the
a. division of the body into upper and lower sides.
b. concentration of sense organs and nerve cells in the front of the body.
c. joining together of specialized cells to form tissues.
d. formation of a body cavity between the germ layers.
The distinguishing feature of a closed circulatory system is that
a. it does not include a heart.
b. blood is contained within vessels that extend throughout the body.
c. blood is kept at low pressure.
d. blood is circulated less efficiently than in an open circulatory system.
An endoskeleton is a
a. shell of a mollusk.
b. fluid-filled body cavity that supports the muscles.
c. structural support located inside the body.
d. hard body covering made of chitin.
Which statement refers to sexual reproduction?
a. All offspring are genetically identical to the parent.
b. Offspring are produced from the fusion of male and female gametes.
c. An organism breaks into pieces that grow into new individuals.
d. New individuals are produced from outgrowths of the parent’s body wall.
In a protostome, the blastopore becomes a(an)
a. mouth.
c. zygote.
b. anus.
d. blastula.
A body cavity that forms between the germ layers is called a(an)
a. coelom.
c. mesoderm.
b. blastopore.
d. ectoderm.
Some type of body symmetry is found in all invertebrates EXCEPT
a. cnidarians.
c. sponges.
b. mollusks.
d. flatworms.
Gases diffuse most efficiently across a respiratory membrane if the membrane is
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a. thick and dry.
c. thick and moist.
b. thin and dry.
d. thin and moist.
In an open circulatory system, blood
a. never leaves the heart.
b. does not come in direct contact with the tissues.
c. is always contained within a system of blood vessels.
d. is pumped through a system of sinuses.
Which of the following is a function of an excretory system?
a. eliminating nitrogenous wastes from the body
b. exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide with the environment
c. gathering and processing information from the environment
d. obtaining and digesting food
The eyespots of flatworms can
a. detect the presence of light.
c. detect color.
b. detect motion.
d. form images.
Which of these chordate characteristics exists as paired structures?
a. tail
c. pharyngeal pouch
b. notochord
d. nerve cord
Which of the following statements about a vertebrate’s skeleton is INCORRECT?
a. It supports and protects the body.
b. It is an endoskeleton.
c. It grows as the animal grows.
d. It is made entirely of nonliving material.
In most fishes, the structures that are most important for obtaining oxygen from water are the
a. scales.
c. lungs.
b. gills.
d. vertebrae.
All fishes in the class Chondrichthyes are alike in the
a. foods that they eat.
c. shape of their bodies.
b. size and form of their teeth.
d. composition of their skeletons.
Which feature distinguishes most fishes from most amphibians?
a. a vertebral column
b. scales
c. breathing with gills during at least part of the life cycle
d. living in water during at least part of the life cycle
A frog’s tympanic membranes would be most useful for
a. enabling the frog to jump long distances.
b. filtering wastes from the frog’s blood.
c. listening to the mating calls of other frogs.
d. keeping the frog’s eyes from drying out on land.
In chordates, the long supporting rod that runs through the body is called the
a. nerve cord.
c. pharyngeal pouch.
b. notochord.
d. tail.
A vertebrate is any chordate that has a
a. backbone.
b. notochord.
c. hollow nerve cord.
d. tail that extends beyond the anus.
The two groups of nonvertebrate chordates are
a. tunicates and lancelets.
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b. skates and rays.
c. frogs and toads.
d. lungfishes and coelacanths.
The organ that adjusts the buoyancy of many bony fishes is the
a. swim bladder.
c. ventricle.
b. cerebellum.
d. kidney.
Modern jawless fishes include
a. skates.
c. lampreys.
b. sharks.
d. lungfishes.
One way an ectotherm can warm its body is to
a. move into the shade.
b. bask in the sun.
c. speed up its metabolism.
d. crawl into an underground burrow.
Most reptiles exchange gases through their
a. gills.
c. lungs.
b. skin.
d. limbs.
The dorsal part of a turtle’s shell is called the
a. carapace.
c. amnion.
b. plastron.
d. allantois.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all birds?
a. They have an outer covering of feathers.
b. They maintain a constant internal body temperature.
c. They have two legs.
d. They can fly.
An endotherm is an animal that
a. has a low rate of metabolism.
b. can generate its own body heat.
c. stores large amounts of food in its stomach.
d. can see color very well.
Insect-eating birds are beneficial to human society because they
a. pollinate flowers.
b. help keep mosquito populations under control.
c. disperse seeds.
d. provide food for farm animals.