#13
1
 I.
Samuel 1-7
 His Birth 1
 His Dedication 2
 His Calling 3
 His Ascendancy 4-7
II. Saul 8-15
The Call for a
King 8
The
Establishment
of a King 9-12
The Failures of
a King 13-15
A
Soiled
Sacrifice 13
A Frivolous
Vow 14
A Sorry
Victory 15
III. David's Ascendancy 16-31
 His Anointing 16
 His Acclaim 17-18
 His Humiliation 18-26
 His Vengeance 27-31
The birth, youth and call of Samuel (chs.
1 - 3). In a book dealing for the most
part with the reigns of Israel's first two
kings, Saul and David, it is notable that
God did not choose to include the birth
story of either one but to describe the
birth of their forerunner and anointer, the
prophet Samuel.
This shows the importance God attached
to Samuel's role in the events that follow.
chs. 1 - 3 should be viewed as a more
likely component of the book of Judges or
as a prefix to the rest of 1,2 Samuel.
Kingship is given its birth and then
nurtured by the prophetic word and
work of the prophet Samuel.
Samuel is the priest and judge who
bridges the gap in this turn in the
history of God’s people into a kingdom
(like the nations round about). They
were to be separated unto God but
rather chose to be like everyone else.
(chs. 4 - 6). This section describes how the ark
of God was captured by the Philistines and
then, after God wreaked havoc on several
Philistine cities, how it was returned to Israel.
These narratives reveal the folly of Israel's
notion that possession of the ark automatically
guaranteed victory over her enemies. They also
display the awesome power of the Lord God
and his superiority over the Philistine god
Dagon.
The Philistines were forced to confess openly
their helplessness against God's power by their
return of the ark to Israel.
The entire ark episode performs a vital function
in placing Israel's sinful desire for a human king
in proper perspective.
(ch. 7). When Samuel called Israel to
repentance and renewed dedication to the
Lord, the Lord intervened mightily in Israel's
behalf and gave victory over the Philistines.
This narrative reaffirms the authority of
Samuel as a divinely ordained leader; at the
same time it provides evidence of divine
protection and blessing for God's people
when they place their confidence in the Lord
and live in obedience to their covenant
obligations- GOD WAS THEIR KING and any
victory they enjoyed came from Him. It can
be argued that Samuel was perhaps the best
of all the judges.
All the material in chs. 1 - 7 serves as a
necessary preface for the narratives of chs. 8 12, which describe the rise and establishment
of kingship in Israel. God has so arranged the
stories in chs. 8 - 12 to accentuate the
transition to a king.
In the study of these chapters, scholars have
often noted what seems curious- On the one
hand, Samuel is commanded by the Lord to
give the people a king (8:7,9,22; 9:16-17;
10:24; 12:13); on the other hand, their request
for a king is considered a sinful rejection of the
Lord (8:7; 10:19; 12:12,17,19-20).
These seemingly conflicting attitudes towards
Israel having a king must be understood in the
context of Israel's covenant relationship with
the Lord.
Moses had anticipated Israel's desire
for a human king (Dt 17:14-20), but
Israelite kingship was to be compatible
with the continued rule of the Lord
over his people as their Great King.
Instead, when the elders asked
Samuel to give them a king (8:5,1920), they rejected the Lord's kingship
over them. Their desire was for a king
such as the nations around them had - to lead them in battle and give them
a sense of national security and unity.
Their request for a king constituted a
denial of their covenant relationship to
the Lord, who was their King.
Moreover, the Lord not only had
promised to be their protector but had
also repeatedly demonstrated his power
in their behalf, most recently in the ark
narratives (chs. 4 - 6), as well as in the
great victory won over the Philistines
under the leadership of Samuel (ch. 7).
In spite of Israel’s rebellion to Him, the
Lord instructed Samuel to give the people
a king. By divine appointment Saul was
brought into contact with Samuel, and
Samuel was directed to anoint him
privately as king (9:1 -- 10:16).
Samuel gathered the people at Mizpah,
and after again admonishing them
concerning their sin in desiring a king
(10:18-19), he presided over the
selection of a king.
Saul did not immediately assume his
royal office, but returned home to work
his fields (11:5,7). When the
inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead were
threatened by Nahash the Ammonite,
Saul rose to the challenge, gathered an
army and led Israel to victory in battle.
His success placed a final seal of divine
approval on Saul's selection to be king
(cf. 10:24; 11:12-13) and occasioned
the inauguration of his reign at Gilgal
(11:14 -- 12:25).
The question was not so much whether
Israel should have a king(it was clearly
the Lord's will to give them a king), but
how they could maintain their covenant
with God as a theocratic nation now that
they had a human king.
The problem was resolved when Samuel
called the people to repentance and
renewal of their allegiance to the Lord
on the very occasion of the inauguration
of Saul as king.
By establishing kingship in the context
of covenant renewal, Samuel placed the
monarchy in Israel on a different basis
than the kingdoms of men.
The king in Israel was not to be autonomous
in his authority and power; rather, he was to
be subject to the law of the Lord and the
word of the prophet (10:25; 12:23).
This was to be true not only for Saul but
also for all the kings who would occupy the
throne in Israel in the future.
The king was to be an instrument of the
Lord's rule over his people, and the people
as well as the king were to continue to
recognize the Lord as their ultimate
Sovereign (12:14-15).
Saul soon demonstrated that he was
unwilling to submit to the requirements of
his theocratic office (chs. 13 - 15).
When he disobeyed the instructions of the
prophet Samuel in preparation for battle
against the Philistines (13:13).
When he refused to totally destroy the
Amalekites as he had been commanded to
do by the word of the Lord through Samuel
(ch. 15), he ceased to be an instrument of
the Lord's rule over his people.
These abrogations of the requirements of his
theocratic office led to his rejection as king
(15:23).
1105 b.c. - Birth of Samuel (1Sa 1:20)
1080-Birth of Saul
1050-Saul anointed to be king (1Sa 10:1)
1040-Birth of David
1025-David anointed to be Saul's
successor (1Sa 16:1-13)
1010-Death of Saul and beginning of
David's reign over Judah in Hebron
(1Sa 31:4-6; 2Sa 2:1,4,11)
Historical Setting for the Beginning of
Kingship in Israel (chs. 1-7)
 Samuel's
Birth, Youth and Call to Be a
Prophet (chs. 1-3)
 Israel Defeated by the Philistines; the Ark
of God Taken and Restored (chs. 4-7)
The Beginning of Kingship in Israel under
the Guidance of Samuel (8:1;16:13)
 The
Rise of Saul (chs. 8-12)
 The
people's sinful request for a king
(ch. 8)
 Samuel anoints Saul privately
(9:1;10:16)
 Saul chosen to be king publicly (10:1727)
 Saul's choice as king confirmed (11:113)
 Saul's reign inaugurated at a covenant
renewal ceremony (11:14;12:25)
 Saul's Kingship a Failure (13:1;16:13)
The Establishment of Kingship in Israel
(16:14;31:13)

The Rise of David (16:14;27:12)
 David
enters Saul's service (16:14-17:58)
 David becomes alienated from Saul (chs.
18-19)
 Jonathan protects David from Saul (ch. 20)
 David continues to elude Saul (21:1;22:5)
 Saul kills the priests at Nob (22:6-23)
 David
rescues the people of Keilah (23:1-6)
 Saul continues to pursue David (23:7-29)
 David spares Saul's life (ch. 24)
 David threatens Nabal's life (ch. 25)
 David spares Saul's life again (ch. 26)
 David enters Achish's service (ch. 27)
 The
End of Saul's Reign (chs. 28-31)
The main people of this book:
 Eli- He is the High Priest. His sons
Phineas and Hophni are corrupt. Eli is
very old at the start of First Samuel.
The main people of this book:
 Samuel - is the last judge, and the first
prophet. His mother is Hannah, and his
father is Elkanah. His sons are Joel and
Abijah and they are corrupt.
The main people of this book:
 Saul – the first King of Israel. His
son Jonathan will become David’s
best friend, confidant, adviser,
and will save David’s life from
Saul’s pursuit of David.
The main people of this book:
 David – He will be the successor
to Saul. He is from Bethlehem
and his father is Jesse.
 (Remember:
Ruth; from the book of
Ruth, is Jesse’s Grandmother, and
David’s Great-Grandmother.)
The main people of this book:
 Jonathan- He is Saul’s son;
and David’s best friend. He
will protect David from Saul.
1. The birth and consecration of Samuel (1)
2. Eli’s terrible sons (2)
3. Samuel is called (3)
4. The war with the Philistines (4)
5. Capture of the Ark (4)
6. Eli dies (4)
7. The ark in the hands of the philistines
(5, 6)
8. Samuel becomes the judge of Israel (7)
9. Israel wants a King (8)
10. Saul is chosen secretly (9)
11. Samuel anoints Saul (10)
11a. Saul calls hesitant people to war (11)
12. Samuel’s farewell address- Saul leads
(12)
13. Saul begins war with Philistines ( 13)
14. Saul rules Israel &disobeys God (14,15)


14a.Evil spirit comes on Saul after rejection &
David secretly anointed as king(16)
14 b. David &Goliath- David begins rise (17)
15. Saul against David- Jonathan & David
close friends- David flees from Saul- David’s
mighty men-Saul and his sons die in battle
at the hands of the Philistines (18-31)
[Kish] had a son whose name was Saul, a
choice and handsome man, and there was not
a more handsome person than he among the
sons of Israel; from his shoulders and up he
was taller than any of the people. 1 Samuel 9:2
(NASB)
1 Samuel 8 – 1 Kings 11
1.
2.
3.
Saul

When Samuel was old he made his sons
David
judges. 8: 1
Solomon
 His sons (Joel; Abijah), however, were
ungodly judges in Beersheba. 8:2-3
 The elders ask Samuel for a king. 8:4-5
 This grieves Samuel and he goes to God
in prayer: 8:7
 God tells him to heed the people’s
request.
 They have rejected Me.
Reference: 1 Samuel 8-15 Israel demands a king (1 Samuel 8)
2 Now the name of his firstborn was
Joel; and the name of his second,
Abiah: they were judges in Beersheba.
3 And his sons walked not in his
ways, but turned aside after lucre,
and took bribes, and perverted
judgment.
4 Then all the elders of Israel
gathered themselves together, and
came to Samuel unto Ramah,
5 And said unto him, Behold, thou art
old, and thy sons walk not in thy ways:
now make us a king to judge us like all
the nations.
6 But the thing displeased Samuel,
when they said, Give us a king to
judge us. And Samuel prayed unto the
Lord.
7 And the Lord said unto Samuel,
Hearken unto the voice of the people in
all that they say unto thee: for they
have not rejected thee, but they have
rejected me, that I should not reign
over them.
8 According to all the works which they
have done since the day that I brought
them up out of Egypt even unto this
day, wherewith they have forsaken
me, and served other gods, so do they
also unto thee.
9 Now therefore hearken unto their
voice: howbeit yet protest solemnly
unto them, and shew them the manner
of the king that shall reign over them.
10 And Samuel told all the words of
the Lord unto the people that asked of
him a king.
And he said, This will be the manner
of the king that shall reign over you: He
will take your sons, and appoint them
for himself, for his chariots, and to be
his horsemen; and some shall run
before his chariots. And he will appoint
him captains over thousands, and
captains over fifties; and will set them
to ear his ground, and to reap his
harvest, and to make his instruments of
war, and instruments of his chariots.
11
And he will take your daughters to be
confectionaries, and to be cooks, and to be
bakers. And he will take your fields, and
your vineyards, and your oliveyards, even
the best of them, and give them to his
servants. And he will take the tenth of
your seed, and of your vineyards, and give
to his officers, and to his servants. And he
will take your menservants, and your
maidservants, and your goodliest young
men, and your asses, and put them to his
work.
He will take the tenth of your sheep: and
ye shall be his servants. And ye shall cry
out in that day because of your king which
ye shall have chosen you; and the Lord will
not hear you in that day. Nevertheless
the people refused to obey the voice of
Samuel; and they said, Nay; but we will
have a king over us; That we also may be
like all the nations; and that our king may
judge us, and go out before us, and fight
our battles. And Samuel heard all the
words of the people, and he rehearsed
them in the ears of the Lord. 1 Sam 8:11-21
1 Sam 11:15-12:5; 12-15; 22-25
1 Sam 11:15-12:5 15 And all the people
went to Gilgal; and there they made Saul
king before the Lord in Gilgal; and there
they sacrificed sacrifices of peace
offerings before the Lord; and there Saul
and all the men of Israel rejoiced greatly.
12:1- And Samuel said unto all Israel,
Behold, I have hearkened unto your
voice in all that ye said unto me, and
have made a king over you. 2 And now,
behold, the king walketh before you: and
I am old and grayheaded; and, behold,
my sons are with you: and I have walked
before you from my childhood unto this day.
3 Behold, here I am: witness against me
before the Lord, and before his anointed:
whose ox have I taken? or whose ass have I
taken? or whom have I defrauded? whom
have I oppressed? or of whose hand have I
received any bribe to blind mine eyes
therewith? and I will restore it you. 4 And
they said, Thou hast not defrauded us, nor
oppressed us, neither hast thou taken ought
of any man's hand. 5 And he said unto them,
The Lord is witness against you, and his
anointed is witness this day, that ye have not
found ought in my hand. And they answered,
He is witness.
1 Sam 12:12-15 12 And when ye saw that
Nahash the king of the children of Ammon
came against you, ye said unto me, Nay; but a
king shall reign over us: when the Lord your
God was your king. 13 Now therefore behold
the king whom ye have chosen, and whom ye
have desired! and, behold, the Lord hath set a
king over you. 14 If ye will fear the Lord, and
serve him, and obey his voice, and not rebel
against the commandment of the Lord, then
shall both ye and also the king that reigneth
over you continue following the Lord your
God: 15 But if ye will not obey the voice of the
Lord, but rebel against the commandment of
the Lord, then shall the hand of the Lord be
against you, as it was against your fathers.
1 Sam 12:22-25
22 For the Lord will not forsake his
people for his great name's sake:
because it hath pleased the Lord to
make you his people. 23 Moreover as
for me, God forbid that I should sin
against the Lord in ceasing to pray for
you: but I will teach you the good and
the right way: 24 Only fear the Lord,
and serve him in truth with all your
heart: for consider how great things he
hath done for you. 25 But if ye shall
still do wickedly, ye shall be consumed,
both ye and your king.
Saul (the man).
From tribe of Benjamin.
 From a wealthy family.
 Most handsome in Israel.
 From shoulders up he was taller than
everyone else.

NOTE: Popular choice in the eyes
of the People
God gave the people who/what they
believed would make for a great king.
 Saul fit the mold of “most popular”

Saul Proclaimed as King
Samuel to the people: You have
rejected your God… Present yourselves
before the Lord 10:19
 Tribes, then families, then Kish’s family
brought before the Lord, but Saul was
hiding. 10:21-22
 Saul was brought before the people with
Samuel’s declaration. 10:23-24
 Samuel then recites God’s ordinances of
the kingdom. 10:25

Saul saves Jabesh Gilead
Ammonites came against Jabesh
Gilead who wanted to serve them. v. 1
 Jabesh cries for help after Nahash
refuses to make a covenant with them.
v. 2
 Saul gathers Israel and brings victory
for Israel.
v. 6-11
 Those who despised Saul were nearly
put to death, but Saul saves them. v.
12-13

Israel makes Saul king. v. 15
NOTE: Philistines strong in
the land
They strove for land dominance
for nearly 300 years by now.
 They had garrisons in Israel.

Unlawful sacrifice
Saul, waiting for Samuel in Gilgal
decided to “offer burnt offerings.”
13:7b-9
 Samuel rebukes Saul – and asked what
have you done?
 Saul’s reply: The people were
scattering… the Philistines were
gathering at Michmash. 13:11
 Samuel - Now your kingdom shall not
continue. The Lord has sought for
Himself a man after His own heart…
1 Sam. 13:13-14

God provides victory to Jonathan
His faith was strong in the Lord. v. 6
(cp. 13:20-22).
 He secretly goes to the Philistine’s
garrison and sees if God would deliver
them to him. vss. 8-15
 After his victory the Phili- stine’s
tremble. vss. 12-15
 This allowed all Israel to strengthen and
fight (victoriously) against the
Philistines. vss. 16-23

Saul’s bad oath






God just delivered Israel vss. 1-23
The people, however, were weary
because Saul made an oath not to eat
food until the evening. v. 24-26
Jonathan didn’t know about this oath
and ate. v. 27
At Jonathan’s word, the people ate the
spoil… with blood. vss. 28-32
Saul stops his oath; find out Jonathan
caused this ‘sin’. v. 33-43
The people argue against Saul and for
Jonathan. v. 45
Constant warring with enemies.
14:47-52
Saul commanded to fight against
Amalekites
Because of what Amalek did to Israel
while in the wilderness. Dt. 25:17-19
 He spares Agag and the best of the
‘clean’ livestock (against God’s
command).
 Samuel (vss. 10-23): Because you have
rejected the word of the Lord, He has
also rejected you from being king. v. 23

David (secretly) anointed as next
king over Israel
Saul rejected: Samuel to anoint next king.
v. 1
 Samuel is afraid of Saul. v. 2
 God tells Samuel to tell Saul he is going to
sacrifice (take Jesse as one of his sons
would be anointed)
 Jesse and sons consecrated
 Samuel, after looking at Eliab: Surely
the Lord’s anointed is before Him!
 God: man looks at the outward
appearance, but the Lord looks at the
heart.

David (secretly) anointed as next
king over Israel
David was the last to come before
Samuel before God said: Arise, anoint
him; for this is the one! v. 12
 Samuel takes the horn of oil and
anoints David before his brothers.
 v. 13: and the Spirit of the Lord came
upon David from that day forward.


NOTE: Saul still king
1 Sam 17:2-11- Saul and the Israelites
assembled and camped in the Valley of
Elah and drew up their battle line to
meet the Philistines. The Philistines
occupied one hill and the Israelites
another, with the valley between them.
A champion named Goliath, who was
from Gath, came out of the Philistine
camp. He was over nine feet tall. He
had a bronze helmet on his head and
wore a coat of scale armor of bronze
weighing five thousand shekels on his
legs he wore bronze greaves, and a
bronze javelin was slung on his back.
His spear shaft was like a weaver's rod,
and its iron point weighed six hundred
shekels. His shield bearer went ahead of
him. Goliath stood and shouted to the
ranks of Israel, "Why do you come out
and line up for battle? Am I not a
Philistine, and are you not the servants of
Saul? Choose a man and have him come
down to me. If he is able to fight and kill
me, we will become your subjects; but if I
overcome him and kill him, you will
become our subjects and serve us." Then
the Philistine said, "This day I defy the
ranks of Israel! Give me a man and let us
fight each other." On hearing the
Philistine's words, Saul and all the
Israelites were dismayed and terrified.
1 Sam 17:13-24- Jesse's three oldest sons
had followed Saul to the war: The firstborn
was Eliab; the second, Abinadab; and the
third, Shammah. David was the youngest.
The three oldest followed Saul, but David
went back and forth from Saul to tend his
father's sheep at Bethlehem. For forty
days the Philistine came forward every
morning and evening and took his stand.
Now Jesse said to his son David, "Take
this ephah of roasted grain and these ten
loaves of bread for your brothers and
hurry to their camp. Take along these ten
cheeses to the commander of their unit.
See how your brothers are and bring back
some assurance f from them. They are with
Saul and all the men of Israel in the Valley
of Elah, fighting against the Philistines."
Early in the morning David left the flock
with a shepherd, loaded up and set out, as
Jesse had directed. He reached the camp as
the army was going out to its battle
positions, shouting the war cry. Israel and
the Philistines were drawing up their lines
facing each other. David left his things with
the keeper of supplies, ran to the battle
lines and greeted his brothers. As he was
talking with them, Goliath, the Philistine
champion from Gath, stepped out from his
lines and shouted his usual defiance, and
David heard it. When the Israelites saw the
man, they all ran from him in great fear.
1 Sam 17:25-29- And the men of Israel
said, Have ye seen this man that is come
up? surely to defy Israel is he come up:
and it shall be, that the man who killeth
him, the king will enrich him with great
riches, and will give him his daughter, and
make his father's house free in Israel.
And David spake to the men that stood by
him, saying, What shall be done to the
man that killeth this Philistine, and taketh
away the reproach from Israel? For who is
this uncircumcised Philistine, that he
should defy the armies of the living God?
And the people answered him after
this manner, saying, So shall it be
done to the man that killeth him.
And Eliab his eldest brother heard
when he spake unto the men; and
Eliab's anger was kindled against
David, and he said, Why camest
thou down hither? and with whom
hast thou left those few sheep in
the wilderness? I know thy pride,
and the naughtiness of thine heart;
for thou art come down that thou
mightest see the battle. And David
said, What have I now done? Is
there not a cause?
1 Sam 17:32-37- And David said to
Saul, Let no man's heart fail because
of him; thy servant will go and fight
with this Philistine. And Saul said to
David, Thou art not able to go against
this Philistine to fight with him: for
thou art but a youth, and he a man of
war from his youth. And David said
unto Saul, Thy servant kept his
father's sheep, and there came a lion,
and a bear, and took a lamb out of
the flock:
And I went out after him, and smote
him, and delivered it out of his mouth:
and when he arose against me, I
caught him by his beard, and smote
him, and slew him. Thy servant slew
both the lion and the bear: and this
uncircumcised Philistine shall be as
one of them, seeing he hath defied the
armies of the living God. David said
moreover, The Lord that delivered me
out of the paw of the lion, and out of
the paw of the bear, he will deliver me
out of the hand of this Philistine. And
Saul said unto David, Go, and the Lord
be with thee.
1 Sam 17:38-46- And Saul armed
David with his armour, and he
put an helmet of brass upon his
head; also he armed him with a
coat of mail. And David girded
his sword upon his armour, and
he assayed to go; for he had not
proved it. And David said unto
Saul, I cannot go with these; for
I have not proved them. And
David put them off him.
And he took his staff in his hand,
and chose him five smooth stones
out of the brook, and put them in
a shepherd's bag which he had,
even in a scrip; and his sling was
in his hand: and he drew near to
the Philistine. And the Philistine
came on and drew near unto
David; and the man that bare the
shield went before him.
And when the Philistine looked about,
and saw David, he disdained him: for
he was but a youth, and ruddy, and of
a fair countenance. And the Philistine
said unto David, Am I a dog, that thou
comest to me with staves? And the
Philistine cursed David by his gods.
And the Philistine said to David, Come
to me, and I will give thy flesh unto
the fowls of the air, and to the beasts
of the field. Then said David to the
Philistine, Thou comest to me with a
sword, and with a spear, and with a
shield:
but I come to thee in the name of
the Lord of hosts, the God of the
armies of Israel, whom thou hast
defied. This day will the Lord
deliver thee into mine hand; and I
will smite thee, and take thine head
from thee; and I will give the
carcases of the host of the
Philistines this day unto the fowls
of the air, and to the wild beasts of
the earth; that all the earth may
know that there is a God in Israel.
1 Sam 17:47-51- And all this assembly
shall know that the Lord saveth not with
sword and spear: for the battle is the
Lord's, and he will give you into our
hands. And it came to pass, when the
Philistine arose, and came and drew nigh
to meet David, that David hasted, and
ran toward the army to meet the
Philistine. And David put his hand in his
bag, and took thence a stone, and slang
it, and smote the Philistine in his
forehead, that the stone sunk into his
forehead; and he fell upon his face to the
earth.
So David prevailed over the
Philistine with a sling and with a
stone, and smote the Philistine,
and slew him; but there was no
sword in the hand of David.
Therefore David ran, and stood
upon the Philistine, and took his
sword, and drew it out of the
sheath thereof, and slew him, and
cut off his head therewith. And
when the Philistines saw their
champion was dead, they fled.
David and Goliath
Previously: Israel had defeated the
Philistines during Saul’s reign (starting
with Jonathan). cp. Ch. 14
 After a while, another Philistine came and
challenged Israel: Goliath
 Goliath: Choose a man for yourselves,
and let him come down to me. If he is able
to fight with me and kill me, then we will
be your servants. But if I prevail against
him and kill him, then you shall be our
servants and serve us.
vss. 8-9

David and Goliath
 Saul & Israel fearful. v. 11
 David sent to his brothers with provisions:
 Asks what would be done to the one
who kills Goliath
 People respond: riches/ Saul’s daughter
(Michal) in marriage
 Eliab discourages David
 Saul sends for David:
 Saul: sees the battle only through the
eyes of flesh. v. 33
 David assures victory for Israel. vss.
34-37
David and Goliath
David, unable to use armor, carries a
staff, five smooth stones, and a sling.
 Goliath: Am I a dog, that you come to
me with sticks? v. 43
 You come to me with a sword, with a
spear, and with a javelin. But I come to
you in the name of the Lord [who] does
not save with sword and spear; for the
battle is the Lord’s, and He will give
you into our hands. vss. 45-47
 Goliath killed with a stone.

We have our Goliath’s today.
Substances? Ungodly people
(peers)? Family members?
False Teachers?
God is looking for champions
today- Is there not a cause still
today worth fighting for?
Cannot hide and cower from
Sin and Satan.
We do not fight physically
today but spiritually- Eph
6:12- For we wrestle not
against flesh and blood,
but against principalities,
against powers, against the
rulers of the darkness of
this world, against spiritual
wickedness in high places.
We must hate every false way
(Ps. 119:104,128).
Resist the devil and he will flee
(James 4:7- Submit yourselves
therefore to God. Resist the
devil, and he will flee from
you. We must humble
ourselves before God can use
us.
James 4:10- Humble
yourselves in the sight of the
Lord, and he shall lift you up.
The battle rages between
godliness and sin.
In our personal lives (lions and
bears); in the church- error; in
our nation- good is evil and evil is
good to many today. (same sex
“marriage”; abortion; fornication;
divorce; humanism; defense of
religions that do not even believe
in Jesus; Denominationalism).
Isa 5:20-23- Woe unto them that call
evil good, and good evil; that put
darkness for light, and light for
darkness; that put bitter for sweet,
and sweet for bitter! Woe unto
them that are wise in their own
eyes, and prudent in their own
sight! Woe unto them that are
mighty to drink wine, and men of
strength to mingle strong drink:
Which justify the wicked for reward,
and take away the righteousness of
the righteous from him.
David’s life sought by Saul (ch. 18)
NOTE: Jonathan and David (both faithful
to God) became instant friends. v. 1
 Saul sets David over the men of war. v. 5
 After coming back from battle – the
women: Saul has slain his thousands, and
David his ten thousands.
 Saul angry at those words and became
jealous of David. vss. 8-9

David’s life sought by Saul (ch. 18)
Distressing spirit comes upon Saul. v. 10
David would play music to soothe Saul.
Saul, however, sought David’s life. v. 11
When he knew the Lord was with him (v.
12) he demoted David to being a captain
over a thousand men. v. 13
 David continued to behave wisely. v. 5,
15-16
 He used the Philistines and his daughters
to have David killed. vss. 17-27




David’s life sought by Saul (ch. 19)
 Saul charges Jonathan and his
servants to kill David.
vss. 1-3
 Jonathan speaks kindly about David:
vss. 4-6



Reminds Saul when David killed
Goliath; how David did good for the
king.
Saul heeds Jonathan’s advice.
Saul distressed again; David soothes
Saul again; Saul tries to kill David…
again! vss. 9-10
David’s life sought by Saul (ch. 20-22)
Saul determined to kill David.
 Jonathan makes a covenant with David.
 David flees and on the run from Saul.
 Saul kills Ahimelech (priest in Nob, who
gave David the show-bread). NOTE: his
servants refused to kill the priest, and had
Doeg (vassal from Edom) kill them. 22:18f

David’s life sought by Saul (ch. 23)
Saul continued to have people attempt to
surrender him.
 Jonathan encourages David.
 David flees to a desolate mountain nearly
capturing David before a messenger of
Saul informed him of a Philistine raid.
They called the place Rock of Escape.

NOTE: After returning from battling the
Philistines Saul sought David again.
David spares Saul’s life
First time: in a cave; cut off a piece of
Saul’s robe while he was relieving
himself (24)
 Second time: David took Saul’s spear
and jug of water while he slept in the
midst of the camp (26)
 David flees to the Philistines

Saul dies in battle.
Israel and Philistines at war with each
other.
 His three sons killed.
 His is fatally wounded
 Asks his armor-bearer to kill him (he
refuses).
 An Amalekite says that he killed Saul
(upon the king’s request). David has the
Amalekite killed.
2 Sam. 1:1-16

David mourns for Saul. 2 Sam. 1:17-27
2 Sam 1:17-27- And David lamented
with this lamentation over Saul and
over Jonathan his son: (Also he bade
them teach the children of Judah the
use of the bow: behold, it is written in
the book of Jasher.) The beauty of
Israel is slain upon thy high places:
how are the mighty fallen! Tell it not
in Gath, publish it not in the streets of
Askelon; lest the daughters of the
Philistines rejoice, lest the daughters
of the uncircumcised triumph.
Ye mountains of Gilboa, let there be
no dew, neither let there be rain,
upon you, nor fields of offerings: for
there the shield of the mighty is vilely
cast away, the shield of Saul, as
though he had not been anointed with
oil. From the blood of the slain, from
the fat of the mighty, the bow of
Jonathan turned not back, and the
sword of Saul returned not empty.
Saul and Jonathan were lovely and
pleasant in their lives, and in their
death they were not divided: they
were swifter than eagles, they were
stronger than lions.
Ye daughters of Israel, weep over
Saul, who clothed you in scarlet, with
other delights, who put on ornaments
of gold upon your apparel. How are
the mighty fallen in the midst of the
battle! O Jonathan, thou was slain in
thine high places. I am distressed
for thee, my brother Jonathan: very
pleasant hast thou been unto me: thy
love to me was wonderful, passing
the love of women. How are the
mighty fallen, and the weapons of
war perished!
Transition from
Saul’s kingdom to David’s
Judah makes David king over them.
2 Sam. 2:4
 Abner (Saul’s commander) makes
Ishbosheth (Saul’s son) king over Israel.
 *Ishbosheth would be made a puppet
king: ruling Israel from the East side
of Jordan! v. 8
 David rules over Judah for 7 ½ years
while Ishbosheth ruled over Israel for
two of those years. vss. 10-11

A ‘Contest’ held between Abner
and Joab’s men.
12 from each army battle with Joab’s
men victorious – a sign of the changing
of the guard. 2 Sam. 2:12-17
 Joab, Abishai, and Asahel (fleet of
foot…killed by Abner) pursue Abner.
 Abner and Joab eventually stop fighting
against each other, but the house of
Judah and Israel were in a long war
with each other. 3:1

David’s house grows stronger;
Saul’s weaker





War continuing between Saul and David’s
house. Vss. 1, 6
Abner tries to strengthen himself in Saul’s
house (to become king over Israel?). V. 6
Ishbosheth rebukes Abner. V. 7
Abner leaves Saul’s house. vss. 8-11
Abner makes a covenant with David to be
over all Israel. Vss. 12-21
David’s rule as king


Becomes king. 2 Sam. 5:1
Captures Jerusalem.
2 Sam. 5:6ff




Took more concubines.
Sons born here. Vss. 14-16
Ark brought to Jerusalem. Ch. 6
David’s victories over other
nations (Philistines, Ammon,
Moab, Edom, etc.). Ch. 8-10
David’s Sin and consequences

David and Bathsheba.
Ch. 11




Sees Bathsheba naked and desires
her. Vss. 2-5
Commits adultery with her.
Has Uriah (her husband) killed.
Vss. 6-21
Nathan confronts David.
Ch. 12


The Lord sends Nathan to David.
David: I have sinned against the
Lord. Nathan: The Lord has taken
away your sin. Vss. 12-13
Fighting/consequences
in the house of David
His son (born by Bathsheba) was
taken by the Lord. 2 Sam. 12:14-23
 Amnon forcefully sleeps with Tamar
(Absalom’s sister); Absalom murders
Amnon. Ch. 13
 Absalom: Ch. 13-15
 Flees to Geshur. Ch. 13
 Returns to Jerusalem. Ch. 14
 Conspires against David. Ch. 15

David and the Gibeonites
Remember, the Israelites (Josh. 9:15-21)
made a covenant with the Gibeonites.
 Famine: result of Saul killing the
Gibeonites (reason not recorded). V. 1
 David makes restitution by asking the
Gibeonites what they wish: 7 men of
Saul. Vss. 5-7

David’s reign comes to an end


Adonijah makes himself king.
1 Kings 1:1-10
David makes Solomon king.



Bathsheba/Nathan speak to David
about Adonijah.
Before he dies he instructs
Solomon. V. 2-9
David dies. V. 10
Solomon made King
David encourages Solomon.
 Show yourself a man.
 Keep the Lord’s commandments
 Remember Joab (v. 5-7) and Shimei
(vss. 8-9) and for them not to go to
Sheol (the grave) in peace.
2 Sam. 3:27; 2 Sam. 20:9-10/2 Sam.
16:5-8
 Show kindness to Barzillai. Cp. 2 Sam.
19:31-38
 David dies and Solomon reigns

Solomon asks for wisdom
Solomon loved the Lord, except that he
worshipped at the high places, including
Gibeon, where he offered 1,000 burnt
offerings on that altar. Vss. 2-3
 At Gibeon God appeared to Solomon in
a dream and asked what he wished God
would give to him. V. 5
 Solomon: praises God; speaks of his
difficult ability to judge Israel… asks for
wisdom. Vss. 6-9
 God is pleased. Vss. 10-15

Solomon Uses His Wisdom To Judge
Two Women





Two harlots went before Solomon to
argue guardianship of a child. Vss. 16-22
Solomon: Get me a sword. Divide the
living child in two.
The (real) mother begged that the king
would not kill the child, but that he be
given to the other woman.
Solomon gave the child to her.
The people feared Solomon for they saw
his great wisdom. v. 28
Solomon’s officials; great wealth.
Ch. 4
Laborers for the temple (Ch. 5)
Barters with Hiram (king of Tyre):
trees from Lebanon for food. vss. 1-12
 Made forced laborers (30,000):
10,000/month (1 month on; 2 months
rest); 70,000 transporters; 80,000
hewers of stone, 3,300 to oversee the
work. vss. 13-18

Temple Built (Ch. 6)





480th year since leaving Egypt/4th year of
Solomon: temple building started. v. 1
60 cubits (90 ft.) long; 20 cubits (30 ft.)
wide; 30 cubits (45 ft.) high. v. 2
Temple built at a quarry (no tool heard at
the house of the Lord. V. 7
Took seven years to build. vss. 37-38
NOTE: Hiram (Father from Tyre; mother
from Naphtali) work in the temple. 8:13-51
Solomon builds his palace. (Ch. 7)
Ark brought to the temple (Ch. 8)
Brought from the city of David (Zion) – a
different area of the city to the newly built
temple. v. 1-11
 Solomon addresses the people: gives a
history of how the temple came into being
(David’s desire).
vss. 12-21
 Prayer made. vss. 22-61
 Dedication (sacrifices). vss. 62-66

Queen of Sheba visits Solomon

She came to test Solomon’s wisdom.
V. 1




Solomon answered all her questions.
V. 3
There was no more spirit in her. V. 5
Queen: the half was not told me. You
exceed in wisdom and prosperity the
report which I heard. V. 7
NOTE: This story, along with other
information in this text showed the
great glory God gave to Solomon
(known throughout the world)
Solomon’s downfall


His wives: he loved many foreign
women, which the Lord said not to
associate with (because they would
turn their hearts away from Him).
Vss. 1-13
His enemies:



Hadad (Edom). Vss. 14-25
Jeroboam (Ephraim): rebelled against
Solomon. Vss. 26-40
His death
Solomon’s downfall typifies the
downfall of Israel…leading to the
Divided Kingdom


Solomon. 1 Ki. 1:5-11
Jeroboam (Solomon’s servant):



10 pieces of a torn cloak of the prophet
Ahijah given to him.
1 piece given for Solomon on behalf of
David.
Reason:(“they have forsaken Me”). v. 33
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