Take a look at these to get an idea of the course’s lectures
SAMPLE LECTURE SLIDES
THE ENVIRONMENT & SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
THE ENVIRONMENT & SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT:
What is sustainable development?
How do consumer practices
contribute to environmental
degradation in the South?
Is there a connection between
environmental destruction and
social conflict?
Is Tad Homer-Dixon right?
NATURAL RESOURCES AND INTERNATIONAL
COMPETITION
CANADIAN PERSPECTIVE ON
THE ENVIRONMENT
How effective is
international law?
What measures
has Canada taken
in the past to
protect its coastal
and marine
environment?
THE ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
GAIA: THE MOTHER OF ALL:
Named after the Greek earth goddess
Gaia (pronounced GUY-ah), the
hypothesis contends that the
atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living
things are part of a giant
interdependent system (much like a
tree). Taken together, they form a
planetary being or giant organism that
constantly maintains conditions in
which life can survive.
- Dr. James Lovelock, 1969
The components of the Earth, including air, land and water; all layers of the
atmosphere; all organic and living organisms; the interacting natural
systems that include previously referred to items (the biophysical
environment); and those aspects of the human, economic, social, cultural
and health environments which interact directly and indirectly with the
biophysical environment.
Life
essential
elements
Life in
General
Aspects of
human life that
have a direct
effect on the
environment
WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT'?
Development which
ensures that the utilization
of resources and the
environment today does not
damage prospects for their use
by future generations.
- The Canadian Council of Resource and Environment Ministers Report of the
National Task Force on the Environment and the Economy
The term sustainable development has been used since the 1970s. It is the
trademark of international organizations dedicated to achieving
environmentally benign or beneficial development. The term suggests that the
lessons of ecology can be applied to economic processes.
TUTORIAL #7 DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
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What do we know about the
causes of terrorism?
What sorts of people commit
suicide terrorism?
How can this type of terrorism be
prevented?
Are Canada’s efforts in
Afghanistan contributing to
terrorism?
What other methods could be
used to stop it?
Should the Internet be censored
to prevent terrorism from
spreading?
WHAT TYPES OF ‘TERRORIST’ THREATS CAN WE
EXPECT?
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Skyjacking and shooting down airplanes
Bombing (dynamite
Semtex)
Hostage-takings and kidnappings
WHAT TYPES OF ‘TERRORIST’ THREATS
CAN WE EXPECT?
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mass (‘superterrorism’)
using atomic, biological,
chemical (ABC) weapons.
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Rogue states or
independent terrorist
groups going nuclear
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Bombing or seizing
strategic facilities (e.g.
nuclear power plants)
‘LAST BEST CHANCE’ MOVIE
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Go to
http://www.lastbestchance.org/index_flash.ht
ml
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Watch the flash
Students in 231 E, please think carefully before you decide to
go to any more URLs that are cited on this PowerPoint lecture.
Think about whether you want to get a security clearance in the
future; whether you want to work for the federal government
(especially CSIS); and think about whether you need to use your
own computer to go onto these sites. I would caution you to use
another computer.
WHAT TYPES OF ‘TERRORIST’ THREATS
CAN WE EXPECT?
MORE TYPES OF TERRORIST ACTIVITIES THAT WE
CAN EXPECT…….SEE THE FBI WEBSITE:
HTTP://WWW.FBI.GOV/ABOUTUS.HTM
Destruction of the
infrastructure
of the information
superhighway (‘cyber war’)
 computer viruses
that bombard sensitive
networks
 countries (e.g. China)
attacking MNCs and
infiltrating sensitive sites
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MORE TYPES OF TERRORIST ACTIVITIES THAT WE
CAN EXPECT…….SEE THE FBI WEBSITE:
HTTP://WWW.FBI.GOV/ABOUTUS.HTM
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Covert or overt threats to
contaminate cities (e.g.
water supplies)
Increased emphasis on
‘television happenings’
(e.g. Olympics)
Staging of acts and
making of videotapes to
seize public attention
Will we see an increase in terrorism due to
ethnic and religious conflict?

Rise of ethnic, tribal and religious animosities
WHAT ARE SOME BENEFITS AND COSTS OF
EXPANDING NATO MEMBERSHIP?
1st Round of NATO Enlargement:
• Czech Republic
• Hungary
• Poland
2ND ROUND ON MAY 1, 2004
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Bulgaria
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
Most Russians opposed NATO enlargement
•
Every political party in Russia
opposed NATO expansion
RUSSIAN PRESIDENT BORIS YELTSIN AND
NATO SECRETARY-GENERAL JAVIER
SOLANA AFTER SIGNING THE FOUNDING
ACT AT THE PARIS SUMMIT ON 27 MAY
1997.
Erika Simpson, “Expanding membership of NATO could be risky,” London Free Press,
January 29, 1997.
Erika Simpson, “New Threats to the Alliance’s Security and Strategies to Reform NATO,”
forthcoming, The Transatlantic Quarterly, Winter 2004.
DO WE RUN THE RISK OF INCITING OLD HATREDS, NEW
INSECURITIES AND MORE PARANOID LEADERSHIP?
Erika Simpson, “Russian weapons a world concern,” London Free Press, August 10, 1999 (also
in “The greater threat from Russia,” Metro Europe, August 10, 1999, p. 6)
THE COSTS OF INSECURITY: SPHERES OF INFLUENCE AND
A RENEWED ARMS RACE?
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Could NATO expansion incite
Russia to extend its sphere of
influence into the ‘near abroad’
(e.g. Belarus, Ukraine)?
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Could the rearmament of
Hungary, the Czech Republic
and Poland contribute to a new
arms race in Central Europe?
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Will NATO enlargement create
new dividing lines in Europe?
THE BENEFITS AND RISKS OF EXPANDING NATO
MEMBERSHIP
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Could decisions to increase
our security decrease
Russian security, possibly
leading to arms spirals and
renewed confrontation?
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Could we be caught in a new
‘security dilemma’?
ARTICLE V:
AN ATTACK AGAINST ONE IS AN ATTACK AGAINST ALL
What might be the benefits and costs of
extending Article 5 protection?
Evolution of NATO’s deterrence strategy
•1950s: Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD)
•1960s: Flexible Response
•1990s: New Strategic Concept
Paragraph 46 : “Nuclear weapons make a
unique contribution in rendering the risks of
aggression against the Alliance incalculable
and unacceptable. Thus, they remain
essential to preserve peace.”
Erika Simpson, “NATO’s nuclear strategy and the Middle Power Initiative,” Metro Europe,
December 8, 1999, p. 6
1. REDUCTION IN CFE
TRUDEAU PROMISED REVIEW OF DEFENCE/FOREIGN
POLICY IF ELECTED
2. Lessons about Canada's Role in NATO:
Why did Canada decide not to
become a nuclear power?
What beliefs prompted some
Canadian leaders to defend
the nuclear option and urge
the deployment of Canadian
Forces in Europe?
Why did others condemn the
country's nuclear
commitments and call for an
end to the arms race?
3. FUTURE ISSUES:
THE IMPLICATIONS OF BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENCE, PRE-EMPTIVE WARFARE, THE
WAR ON TERRORISM, AND POSSIBLY A ‘GLOBAL NATO’
• What are the implications for
Canada of supporting the U.S.
Ballistic Missile Project?
• What are the implications of the
new U.S. doctrine of pre-emptive
warfare?
• What are the implications of the
new war on terrorism and possibly
a ‘global’ NATO? What are our
alternatives?
• Should Canada commit to NATO
and how?
What are the implications for Canada of supporting the U.S.
Ballistic Missile Project?
WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR CANADA OF SUPPORTING THE
U.S. BALLISTIC MISSILE PROJECT?
See my Workshop Report on Ballistic Missile Defence,
to be written on January 27-28, 2005 in Atlanta,
Georgia.
What are the implications of the new U.S. doctrine of
pre-emptive warfare?
Erika Simpson, "Redefining Security," The McNaughton Papers, vol. 1, (Toronto: Canadian
Institute for Strategic Studies, 1991), pp. 57-75.
Erika Simpson, “Advancing Human Security,” Report of Pugwash Canada meeting, July 20,
2002, for distribution to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Pugwash International Council, and all
Pugwash Canada members, 22 pp.
What are the implications of the new war on
terrorism for possibly a ‘global’ NATO?
• OLD IDEAS ABOUT DEFENDING NATO’S TERRITORY NO LONGER
APPLY.
ROGUE STATES THREATEN THE SECURITY OF NATO ALLIES
Erika Simpson, Institute for Global Economics and The Korea Foundation, International
Next Generation Leaders’ Forum, (Proceedings of the Fourth Forum, September 1-6,
1997, Seoul, Korea, 1998), pp. 74-75, 83-84, 108-109, 116.
IF ROGUE STATES LIKE CUBA, IRAQ, LIBYA, AND NORTH KOREA THREATEN
INTERNATIONAL SECURITY, WHAT STRATEGIES CAN ALLEVIATE THESE TENSIONS?
Erika Simpson, “Games, Strategies, and Human Security,” Perspectives on Human Security:
National Sovereignty and Humanitarian Intervention, edited by M.V. Naidu,
(Brandon, Manitoba: Canadian Peace Research and Education Association, 2001), pp. 139-49
Transcript of the Prime Minister’s Comments to other NATO leaders at a
NATO meeting:
“I make it my policy. But it’s
popular. The Cuba affair, I
was the first to stand
up…(unclear). You have to
do it carefully because
they’re friends.”
“Chretien is used to not doing what
they (the US) want”
- Luxembourg prime minister
CHRETIEN EXPLAINS THE BENEFITS OF ‘ISSUE LINKAGE’
“We have a problem with the fisheries
in British Columbia. So I meet him in
Denver. Madame Albright meets my
foreign affairs minister. Let’s say that
we’re asking 20, they offer 16. So I
say, oh, let’s slice it down the
middle. He says ‘yeah’. So that’s the
one problem out of the way.”
The Nunn-lugar plan
Thank you!
“I know not with what weapons
World War III will be fought, but
World War IV will be fought with
sticks and stones.” – Albert
Einstein