Tractor Back Hoe
&
Loader Mechanism
Class: CAE 545 Simulations
Project: Group ONE
Instructor: Dr. Tony Shay
Student: Fred Karam, Rewand Rwandz, Theja Addluri
Date: December 15, 2014
History
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The history of heavy excavating machinery began in 1835 when the dipper shovel was
invented to excavate hard soil and rock and to load trucks.
from the early 1900s until the late 1950s, the backhoe remained a large piece of
equipment, and agricultural tractors were often called into service for smaller, limited
access construction projects.
The backhoe is one of the smaller and more versatile descendants of the dipper shovel. The
backhoe became an important piece of equipment with the large-scale construction of
highways and increased underground
By 1965, other evolutions of the backhoe had created machines exclusively for the
construction industry; diesel power, improved hydraulic linkages, four-wheel drive, and
other features were added or improved in the 30 years from 1965 to 1995.
They range in power from 73-99 horsepower (54 – 74 KW), and their loaders are able to lift
from about 5,300-7,300 LB (2,400-3,300 kg)
Machine can excavate to a depth of almost to a depth of almost 16ft (5m) that increases
the length of the stick)
An adapter that increases the length of the stick increases that to about 20 ft. ( 6 M)
What is a Backhoe Loader?
Backhoe loaders have a very unique
appearance -- they have components
sticking out every which way. It's
obvious what a dump truck does just by
looking at it; but what are the different
appendages of a backhoe used for?
1. A tractor 2. A loader 3.A backhoe
Each piece of equipment is suited to a
particular sort of work. On a typical
construction site, the backhoe operator
usually uses all three components to get
the job done.
Characteristics
• The name "backhoe" refers to the action of the shovel
• a backhoe digs by drawing earth backwards, rather than lifting
it with a forward motion like a man shoveling
• A backhoe loader is a tractor-like vehicle with a backhoe at
one end, a front loader
• On the other and a swiveling seat to position the operator
facing whichever he is using at the time.
• The dipper shovel had a short boom (lifting arm)
• Backhoe loaders can be designed and manufactured from the
start as such, or can be the result of a farm tractor equipped
with a Front End Loader (FEL) and rear backhoe
The Manufacturing Process:1. Receiving and assembling the subassemblies
a. Manufacturing begins at the receiving docks of the factory.
b. the components of a canopy-type cab will go to one cell where the steel canopy components are
cleaned of oil
c. The backhoe casting
2. Painting and curing
The material handling system consists of conveyors that are both electrically powered and free to
move as subassemblies are placed on them or removed
3. Hydraulic cylinders and radiator
parallel subassembly is the cylinder factory. The cylinder rods are usually received in precut lengths
that have already been internally machined and chromed.
4. Final assembly
a. All of the subassemblies meet each other in the assembly area
b. The engine, radiator, transmission, and hydraulic system are mounted onto the chassis.
c. The electrical system is the last to be connected
d. all the major parts were pre-painted in the subassembly stage
How to Inspect a Used Backhoe Loader
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Usage
Digging of trenches, holes, foundations
Material handling
Brush cutting with hydraulic attachments
Forestry work
Forestry mulching
Demolition
General grading/landscaping
Mining, especially, but not only open-pit mining
River dredging
Driving piles, in conjunction with a pile driver
Drilling shafts for footings and rock blasting
Manufacturers
• Bharat Earth Mover's Limited ( 1964
Indian )
• Case Corporation (1843 USA)
• Caterpillar ( 1925 USA)
• John Deere Tractors (1837 USA)
• Fiat (1899 Turin, Italy )
• Ford Motor Company(1903 USA)
• Hitachi, LTD. (Europe Subsidiary
Japanese Machinery)
• Hydrema (1959 Stovring, Denmark)
• (JCB) J. C Bamford (United Kindgdom)
• Komatsu (Japanese )
• Mahindra (1945 India)
• New Holland AG (1895 USA)
• Terex (1920 USA)
• Volvo Construction Equipment (1927
Sweden)
• LiuGong (1958 China)
• Çukurova ( 1975 Turkey)
Propane C3H8
Molecular Formula
C3H8
Molar mass
44.1 g mol−1
Exact mass
44.062600256 g mol−1
Appearance
Colorless gas
Oder
Odoless
Density
.0098 mg mL−1 (at 0 °C, 101.3 kPa)
Melting Point
-188 °C, 85.5 K, -306 °F
Boiling Point
-188 °C, 85.5 K, -306 °F
Solubility in water
40 mg L−1 (at 0 °C)
Log P
2.236
Vapor pressure
853 kPa (at 21.1 °C)
Running Many Types of Real Exercises.
Excavation
Preparation of trenches
Preparation of ramps.
Modification of slopes.
Loading trucks
Pipes and conductions.
Circulation work.
Signaller.
Prior Stabilization
Loading and unloading at transport platform
Design Backhoe
Landscapes of Dredge
Mechanical dredge operation landscape- each object is labeled and the four main
relations between objects are represented as actions that are numbered; the primary
characters or instruments work to create a dynamic landscape-in-process
Dimensions
Overall Dimensions
A) Ground Clearance,
minimum
B) Overall Length,
transport
12 in. (305 mm)
23 ft. 3 in. (7.09 m)
C) Width Over Tires
7 ft. 2 in. (2.18 m)
D) Height to Top of
ROPS/Cab
9 ft. 0 in. (2.74 m)
E) Length from Axle to
Axle
-- Non-Powered Front
Axle
-- MFWD Axle
Backhoe Dimensions/ Performance
6 ft. 11 in. (2.11 m)
7 ft. 0 in. (2.14 m)
Digging Force
-- Bucket Cylinder 11,106 lb. (49.4 kN)
-- Crowd Cylinder 7,006 lb. (31.2 kN)
John Deere 310K Backhoe Loader
Engine
Manufacture and Model
Non-Road Emission Standards
Net Peak Power
Net Peak Torque
Displacement
Air Cleaner
Electrical System
Cooling Fan
John Deere PowerTech Plus
4045HT073 turbocharged
EPA Interim Tier 4/EU Stage IIIB
88 hp (66 kW) @ 2,000 rpm
276 lb. ft. (374 Nm) @ 1,400 rpm
276 cu. in. (4.5 L)
Dual-stage dry tube with spin-on
filter and cooler
12 volt with 120 amp alternator
Electronically controlled, variablerate suction type
Hydraulics
Main Pump
Pump Flow @ 2,200 rpm
--Backhoe
--Loader
System Relief Pressure
--Backhoe
--Loader
Open center, single gear
28 gpm (106 L/m)
28 gpm (106 L/m)
3,625 psi (24 993 kPa)
3,200 psi (22 063 kPa)
Operating Weights
Base Weight (with
standard equipment,
rollover protective
structure, full fuel tank,
and 175lb operator)
14,030 lb (6364 kg)
Typically with Cab,
MFWD, Extendable
Dipperstick, and 1,000lb
Counterweight
16,387 lb (7433 kg)
Features & Specs
• Interim Tier 4 certified engine
• Redesigned easier-to-clean cooling
package
• Power Shift transmission provides
smooth gear changes
• Backhoe to excavator style controls at
the push of a button
Working Model Simulation
Motion Time Sequence Model
Working Model Simulation
Motion Time Sequence Model
Working Model Simulation
Motion Time Sequence Model
Front Lift
Front Shovel
Rear Lift
Time Step Formula & Equations
Rear Shovel
Working Model Simulation
Interactive Controls Model
Working Model Highlights (Tractor Back Hoe)
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Interactive Controls
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Lift Arm & Shovel Controls
Working Model Simulation
Interactive Controls Model
Working Model Simulation
Interactive Controls Model
Front Lift
Front Shovel
Interactive Control Formula & Equations
Working Model Simulation
Working Model Highlights (Tractor Back Hoe)
• Custom Polygon Unique Shapes
• (5) Actuators with Complex Equations for Motion
• Front/Back Motion Based on Time Step Sequence
• Key Damping Elements
• Speed and Torque Graph Display of Primary Arms
• Time Measure Display
• Vector Display
• Pause Controls
• Tracking of Front Dump Material
• Reset Button
• Erase Tracks Button