ETHOS FR
“ESTER BASED TECHNOLOGY”
To make fuels Self Cleaning and
Self Lubricating
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WHAT IS AN “ESTER”?
• An Ester is a product of the reaction of
an Acid and an Alcohol.
Synthetic Esters
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ESTERS IN NATURE
• The most common esters found in nature
are fats and vegetable oils.
• Many esters have distinctive odors,
which led to their widespread use as
artificial flavorings and fragrances.
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Some Common Esters
• Methyl Butanoate smells like Pineapple
• Ethyl Methanoate smells of Raspberry
• Pentyl Ethanoate smells like Banana
• Pentyl Pentanoate smells like Apple
• Pentyl Butanoate smells like Apricot
• Octyl Ethanoate smells like Orange
Source - Wikipedia Encyclopedia
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Did you know?
That Biodiesel is Ester based?
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Different Varieties of Biodiesel
• RME – Rapeseed Methyl Ester, from
Rapeseed Products
• PME – Vegetable Methyl Ester, purely
from vegetable products
• FME – Fat Methyl Ester, from
vegetable AND animal products
• FAME - Fatty Acid Methyl Esters
Source - Wikipedia Encyclopedia
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SOY METHYL ESTER BIO-DIESEL
•
•
•
•
•
Derived from Soybean Oil
The most common Bio Diesel source in the US
Has a lower energy content than #2 Diesel
89% less efficient fuel
Has a higher viscosity range than #2 Diesel
(1.9-6.0 centistokes vs 1.3-5.8 centistokes)
This helps offset the lower energy content through
reduced barrel/plunger leakage resulting in
slightly improved injection efficiency.
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HISTORY OF BIODIESEL
• 1853 - Scientists E. Duffy and J. Patrick
were successful in the transesterification
of a vegetable oil.
Metzner,Jim.”Transesterification: Turning Used Vegetable Oil Into Clear-Burning Biodiesel Fuel.”
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HISTORY OF BIODIESEL
• 1898 – Rudolf Diesel’s first Diesel engine with a flywheel
at it’s base ran at the Paris, France Expo. It was powered
by peanut oil.
Rudolph Christian Carl Diesel
Born 1858 – Died 1913
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HISTORY OF BIODIESEL
• One of the first uses of trans-esterified vegetable oil was
powering heavy duty vehicles in South Africa before
World War II.
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HISTORY OF BIODIESEL
• During the 1920’s Diesel manufacurers altered their
engines to utilize the lower viscosity of Petro-diesel,
which was much cheaper to produce than biomass fuel.
• Since that time until the present day, Biodiesel just about
disappeared as an alternate fuel.
Source - Wikipedia Encyclopedia
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HISTORY OF BIODIESEL
• 1990’s – France launched local production
of biodiesel fuel (known as Diester)
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July 13, 2001 BBI International
Car makers and petroleum companies prize the rapeseed fuel
for its high level of oxygen and absence of sulphur, which give it
a lubricating capacity seen as its main advantage.
Diester also helps reduce engines' carbon dioxide (CO2)
emissions, thus cutting harmful greenhouse effects, Nicol said.
Diester is the best answer to reduce CO2 emissions,'' said
Beatrice Perrier, an engineer at the French car maker PSA
Peugeot Citroen , which produces engines that can use up to
30 percent diester without having to be overhauled.
The European Commission said last month that it planned to
present proposals later this year requiring that all oil refineries
mix a percentage of biofuel with petrol.
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HISTORY OF BIODIESEL
• From 1978 to 1996, the US National
Renewable Energy Lab experimented with
using Algae as a Biodiesel source in the
“Aquatic Species Program”
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ADVANTAGES OF BIODIESEL
• Pure Biodiesel has a very low Toxicity Rating
of greater of 50ML per KG.
• This means that 3 liters would have to be
consumed for an average person to cause
death 50% of the time.
• This makes Biodiesel ten times less toxic
than table salt.
• Biodiesel can extend our Petrodiesel reserve
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ADVANTAGES OF BIODIESEL
• Biodiesel is the only alternative fuel to have fully
completed the health effects testing requirements of
the Clean Air Act.
• The use of biodiesel in a conventional diesel engine
results in substantial reduction of unburned
hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and particulate
matter compared to emissions from diesel fuel.
• The exhaust emissions of sulfur oxides and sulfates
(major components of acid rain) from biodiesel are
essentially eliminated compared to diesel.
Source – National Biodiesel Board
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DISADVANTAGES OF BIODIESEL
• Biodiesel may degrade rubber gaskets and
hoses in older vehicles (prior to 1992).
• Fuel filters may become clogged with
particulates due to the fact that biodiesel is
a better solvent than petrodiesel and
quickly cleans out lines and tanks.
• Biodiesel has less energy than Petrodiesel.
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DISADVANTAGES OF BIODIESEL
• Biodiesel does produce more NOX emissions
when it is burned because Nitrogen is more
compressed in the organic form.
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DISADVANTAGES OF BIODIESEL
• The cost of Biodiesel is currently much
higher than Petrodiesel.
• Even at a low 5% ratio, there currently isn’t
enough supply of biodiesel being produced
in this country to meet the demand, which
will probably keep the price inflated for
several years.
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ETHOS to the Rescue!
Synthetic Esters CLEAN, just like
Biodiesel, and:
• They are non-toxic
• They are non-hazardous
• They will also extend PetroDiesel reserves by Cleaning
and Lubricating engines.
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Dr. Morton Fainman & Dr. Fred Chorney
• Early 1980 Chemists created an ester
based formulae consisting of two straight
chain carboxylic acid esters, one having a
low molecular weight and the other having
a higher molecular weight.
• They discovered that the low molecular
weight esters cleaned, and the high
molecular weight esters lubricated, the
inside of any reciprocating engine.
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THE FAINMAN THEORY
• Fuels can be improved to
decrease deposits inside
engines.
• While at the same time
increasing fuel lubricity.
22
US PATENT No. 4,920,691
• May 1, 1990 a Utility Patent was registered
with the United States Patent office.
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How much is enough?
• It was discovered that only a small amount of
esters were required to be present in an engine to
clean and lubricate it.
• Less than 800 parts per million.
• That’s less than 1 tenth of 1 percent.
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ADDITIVE VS REFORMULATOR
ADDITIVE MEANS:
• A substance added in small amounts to
something else to improve, strengthen, or
otherwise alter it.
OR
• a substance added to another in relatively
small amounts to effect a desired change
in properties.
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ADDITIVE VS REFORMULATOR
REFORMULATOR MEANS:
• To Re-Formulate or develop again, To
improve a theory or hypothesis.
THE DIFFERENCE IS:
• An Additive changes the specifications
of the base it is added to, whereas a
Re-Formulator does not.
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CARBON BUILDUP
• Causes pre-ignition and
detonation
• Causes loss of efficiency
• Causes emissions to
increase
• Is harmful to the engine
• Costs money
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NO CARBON BUILDUP
• Engine runs
smoother, more
efficiently
• Lower Emissions
• Engine lasts longer
• Saves money
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DECARBONIZATION PROCESS
% CO
Begin
Within First Few Minutes
After Initial De-Carbonization
Complete de-carbonization of the engine takes time. Each engine could respond differently.
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IS ETHOS FR BETTER THAN BIODIESEL?
USING SYNTHETIC ESTERS IN PETRODIESEL:
• Gives all the cleaning and lubricating benefits
of Biodiesel.
• Less expensive than even 5% Biodiesel.
• Results in even lower emissions when used
with CLEAN Biodiesel.
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CLEAN FUEL MEANS LESS EMISSIONS
Water and contaminants cause
95% of injector and pump failures.
Filtration removes contaminants
to less than 1 Micron in size.
Most fuels exceed the set limit
of 2 milligrams of contamination
per liter.
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DAVIE, FLORIDA
• Filters were installed on the diesel pump for the town of Davie,
Florida. Two days later, as fire trucks were being refueled, very
little fuel was flowing from the pump. Upon investigation, it was
discovered that a water leak had developed and contaminated
the fuel in the main storage tank.
Since water cannot pass through most
filters, only a very small quantity of diesel
fuel was passing through. If the filters had
not been installed, the fire trucks would have
been filled with water contaminated diesel
fuel. Had they attempted to operate the
fire trucks with the contaminated fuel, it
could have required the engines to be
overhauled.
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Southwest Research Institute
• September 2004 - National Biodiesel
Board tested Ester Based Technology
product, Ethos Fuel Reformulator, along
with Biodiesel and got these results:
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Using ECD-1 Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel
• HC output
.090 g/hp-hr
• CO
2.600 g/hp-hr
• NOX
4.370 g/hp-hr
• PM
.214 g/hp-hr
Source- National Biodiesel Board
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ECD-1 + B20 Biodiesel
• HC output
.070 g/hp-hr
-22%
• CO
2.530 g/hp-hr
-2.7%
• NOX
4.650 g/hp-hr
+6.4%
• PM
.181 g/hp-hr
-15.4%
Source – National Biodiesel Board
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ECD-1 + B20 Biodiesel + Ethos
• HC output
.050 g/hp-hr
-28.6%
• CO
2.420 g/hp-hr
-4.35%
• NOX
4.650 g/hp-hr
No Change
• PM
.175 g/hp-hr
-3.3%
Source – National Biodiesel Board
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Emissions Recap
ECD-1 only
HC
.090
CO 2.600
NOX 4.370
PM
.214
ECD-1+B20
.070
2.530
4.650
.181
ECD-1+B20+Ethos
.050
2.420
4.650
.175
All results are in g/hp-hr
Source – National Biodiesel Board
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CASTROL USA SAYS
• May 28, 2004 Press release:
“The polarized ester molecules in Castrol
GTX Start Up cling to an engine’s metal
surfaces to provide advanced anti-wear
protection.”
Castrol Spokesperson
Kimberly Lancaster (401) 792-7080
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OTHER FACTORS
• Preventative Maintenance costs keep going
up every year, ETHOS should stabilize this.
• ETHOS protects engine parts from internal
wear and tear.
• ETHOS can increase the interval between
oil changes and transmission overhauls.
• This makes the total savings hard to
estimate, but should exceed fuel savings
alone.
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Does ETHOS save fuel?
Millions of test miles show that fuel
economy increases in fleets from
9% to 19%
How much savings is determined by
how old the fleet is, the current
mechanical condition of vehicles,
etc.
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ESTIMATED SAVINGS
• Fleets using 50 gal per day per vehicle:
• 50 X $1.80 = $90 fuel costs X 10% = $9
• $9 savings X 200 vehicles = $1,800 per day
$9,000 per wk
$468,000 per yr
• PLUS lower costs for
maintenance and repairs
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GASOLINE TOO?
• ETHOS works in Gasoline fuel as well.
• Hybrid Vehicles should also benefit.
• Emissions are usually reduced by 50% on
vehicles older than 10 years.
• Mileage usually increases 5% to 25%
• ETHOS raises Octane rating of Gasoline by 5
to 10 points, depending on the ratio used.
• ETHOS can make regular gas work in aircraft.
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ETHOS in EVERYTHING?
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Fuels
Crankcases
Transmissions
Power Steering Units
Hydraulic Systems
Gear Boxes
2 Cycle Engines
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Disadvantages to ETHOS
Gas and oil companies
Sell less fuel, therefore
They make less profit.
That will probably make
them angry, and we don’t
want to see anyone angry,
but..….
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WHAT’S THE ENVIRONMENT
WORTH?
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DATELINE Oct 8, 2004
• With a haze of pollution reaching dangerous
levels over Paris, France’s government banned
half of all cars from the nation’s capital on
Wednesday.
• Only cars with a serial number ending in an odd
digit are permitted into the City of Lights, since
the experimental ban started on an oddnumbered day, Oct 1. Emergency vehicles,
electric-powered cars and cars with at least 3
people also are allowed.
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WHAT IS POSSIBLE?
During the Super Mileage Car Contest
held in August 2003 in Hiroshima,
Japan, Team Fancy Carol from Japan
achieved a record fuel efficiency of
11,193 miles per gallon. While the high
fuel economy sounds great, most
consumers would find the car less than
desirable due to the top speed just over
15 miles per hour, the cramped position
of the driver, and the lack of amenities
such as a radio, air conditioning, or rolldown windows.
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ETHOS is available Today!
• Pays for itself, and More!
• Reduces Emissions
• Vehicles last longer, lower PM costs
• Satisfies Environmentalists concerns
• “The Day After Tomorrow” never happens
• Soon we can drive in Paris again!
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