Pentium 4 Processor
Adam Mittner, Timothy Paetz,
Henry Olschofka
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Pentium 4
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7th Generation Intel processor series
Hyper-threading
Hyper-pipelining
Advanced System Buses – 800, 533, 400
MHz
• Advanced Cache
• Netburst Microarchitecture
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Hyper-pipeline Technology
• New hyper-pipelined technology increases
the depth of the pipeline delivering for the
processor increased performance,
frequency, and scalability. One major
improvement was to one of the key
pipelines, the branch prediction/recovery
pipeline. It is now implemented in 31
stages when on the 0.13 micron Pentium 4
processor, it took 20 stages
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System Bus
• Supports a faster system bus including the
800, 533, and 400 megahertz bus. The
800 megahertz bus delivers 6.4 gigabytes
of data-per-second into and out of the
processor. This is accomplished by quadpumping the data over a 200 megahertz
clocked system bus. The same quad
pumping is used for the 533 and 400
megahertz system buses
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Level 1 Execution Trace Cache
• The Pentium 4 features 16 kilobyte data cache compared
to 8 kilobyte data cache 0.13 micron processor. The
processor also includes an Execution Trace Cache, which
will store up to 12-K decoded micro-ops in order of the
execution of the program. Since the decoder is removed
from the main execution, this increases performance and
since instructions that are branched around are not
stored, it makes more efficient use of the cache storage
space. This allows a means to deliver a high volume of
instructions to the processor and a reduction of time
used to recover from mis-predicted branches
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Level 2 Cache
• The Advanced Transfer Cache delivers a much
higher data bandwidth between the Level 2 Cache
and the processor core. The Advanced Transfer
Cache consists of a 256 bit interface that
transfers data on each core clock. The Pentium 4
transfer rate is approximately 108 gigabytes per
second, which is much faster than the Pentium III
which could only transfer at 16 gigabytes per
second
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Level 3 Cache
• Cache is integrated and is available in 2
megabytes, and is used with the 800
megahertz system bus to provide a faster
route of data transfer to the main memory.
This efficient design for the level 3 cache
provides a faster means to large data sets
stored on the processor in its cache. This
reduces the average memory latency and
increases the speed for larger workloads
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Raid
• RAID = Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
• Developed at the University of California
15 years ago
• Chipsets that support RAID for the
Pentium 4:
• 875P
• 865E
• 865P
• 865G
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Raid
• RAID 0 uses Stripping
• Read and Write speeds are increased
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Raid
• RAID 1 uses mirroring
• Information is identical on each pair of
disks to use as backup copies.
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Hyper-Threading
• One physical processor turns into two logical processors
• Two threads can be executed at once
• The two logical processors share the same resources
• This causes problems with cache memory if the processors have
to dump and reload the memory each time one is trying to process
a thread
• Not as powerful as two physical processors, but more
powerful than a processor without Hyper-Threading
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The 90nm Process
• higher-performance, lower-power
transistors
• strained silicon
• high-speed copper interconnects
• new “low-k” dielectric material
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The 90nm Process
• Higher-performance, lower-power transistors
• size of the one transistor is 50 nanometers, or 50
billionths of a meter
• hundreds of these transistors could fit inside one red
blood cell
• best size comparison is that of a virus
• true nanotechnology
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The 90nm Process
• Strained Silicon
• enables faster transistors
• silicon lattice, grid pattern of silicon atoms
• lattice is stretched
• increases the transistors 10%-25%, with only a 2
percent increase in manufacturing costs.
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The 90nm Process
• High-speed copper interconnects
• seven layers, one more layer than the older process
generations
• “low-k” dielectric insulator material
• between each interconnect
• reduces wire-to-wire capacitance
• speeds up the intra-chip communication and reduces chip
power
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The 90nm Process
• SRAM chip of 52 megabits
• 52 million individual bits of information
• 330 million transistors, in 109 squared millimeters
(fingernail)
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Supported Chipsets
• 800 MHz system bus
• 875P, 865PE, 865G, 865GV, and 848P
• 2.4 GHz to 3.4 GHz
• 533/400 MHz system bus
• 865P, 850 family, 850E, 845PE, 845GE, 845GV, 845E, 845G
• 2.26 GHz to 3.06 GHz
• 400 MHz system bus
•845GL and 845
• 2 GHz to 2.6 GHz
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Supported Chipsets
•Differences
• Main memory support
• Hyper-threading support
• Graphics Technology
• Raid Control
• other smaller differences
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QUESTIONS?
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