Advanced Chemistry
Bell Ringers
Semester 1
Bell Ringer 8/26/15
Welcome Back!
Please take a moment to write down some
materials you will need for this class:
2 composition book lined, 1 composition book
graphing, calculator with scientific notation and
ability to do log functions, pens for labs, pencils
for homework, and $20 lab fee.
Exit Closing 8/26/15
The melting point of pure benzoic acid is 122°C. Data
obtained by four students in a laboratory experiment are
shown. Which student’s data are precise but not accurate?
Student A
115°C
Student B
119°C
Student C
122°C
Student D
118°C
112°C
118°C
121°C
120°C
118°C
119°C
122°C
124°C
116°C
120°C
121°C
126°C
A) Student A
B) Student B
C) Student C
D) Student D
Bell Ringer 8/27/15
3 Question Mini Pre-Quiz
Which of these are chemical properties of matter?
I) Corrosiveness
II) Density
III) Flammability
IV) Melting point
A) I and II
B) I and III
C) II and IV
D) III and IV
Which of these atomic and/or molecular views represent
pure substances?
I
II
III
IV
A) I and III
B) II and IV
C) I, II and IV
D) II, III, and IV
Extensive properties of a pure substance depend on sample size
whereas intensive properties are characteristic of that substance.
Which of these properties are intensive?
I) Color
II) Mass
III) Density
A) I and II
B) I and III
C) II and III
D) I, II and III
Exit Closing 8/27/15
What are the bubbles in the bottom of a
boiling pot of water?
Bell Ringer 8/28/15
What do the bubbles in the bottom of a boiling
pot of water have to do with the ideal gas law?
P1V1
=
P2V2
T1
T2
Exit Closing 8/28/15
Turn to page 8 of your book and copy your
own version of the flow chart into your
composition book.
Bell Ringer 8/31/15
Use the graduated
cylinder and pipette to
prove that you can put 8.5
ml of water in your
cylinder. When you think
your meniscus is in the
correct position, call me
over to initial a sketch of
the cylinder that you have
recorded in your book.
Exit Closing 8/31/15
Write one sentence that explains what
zeros and significant and which are not. Be
prepared to share.
Bell Ringer 9/1/15
In which of these measured values are the zeros
not significant figures?
I) 0.0591 cm
II) 504 g
III) 2.70 m
IV) 5300 L
A) I and II
B) II and III
D) I, III, and IV
E) II, III, and IV
C) I and IV
Exit Closing 9/1/15
We will entertain 3 questions or comments
before we leave today. You have one minute to
write down one question that you should be
prepared to share.
Bell Ringer 9/2/15
Use the triple beam balance to measure your
object. Sketch the slider bars into your notebook
and record its mass. When you think you are
accurate call me over for a signature.
Exit Closing 9/2/15
What do graduated cylinder and triple
beam measurements have to do with
significant digits?
Bell Ringer 9/3/15
The answer to the problem below is: 101
Explain how you reach this answers and the
steps you would take to solve it.
67.304 + 5.0 x 6.14 + 3.1 =
Exist Closing 9/3/15
Write one sentence to explain the rounding rule
for if the digit you are cutting off is a 5.
Example: Round 37.85 to three sig figs
Or
Example: Round 37.95 to three sig figs
Bell Ringer 9/4/15
Determining the density of an egg is difficult.
Propose how you would use water, salt, an egg
and a container to calculate the density of an
egg. Remember that D = Mass/Volume.
Hint…Hint…
Exit Closing 9/4/15
A metal sample is hammered into a rectangular sheet
with an area of 31.2 ft2 and an average thickness of
2.30 × 10−6 cm. If the mass of this sample is 0.4767 g,
predict the identity of the metal.
The density of the metal is shown in parenthesis.
Useful information: 1 in = 2.54 cm
A) Aluminum (2.70 g/cm3)
B) Copper (8.95 g/cm3)
C) Gold (19.3 g/cm3)
D) Zinc (7.15 g/cm3)
Bell Ringer 9/8/15
Referring to 1.7
Write a brief explanation of the COAST
framework for solving problems.
Exit Closing 9/8/15
Convert 100 ml to liters using the COAST
framework. Note that this is a simple problem to
illustrate the structure.
Bell Ringer 9/9/15
Record the formulas for converting Celsius
to Fahrenheit, Fahrenheit to Celsius,
Celsius to Kelvin and Kelvin to Celsius in
your composition books.
Exit Closing 9/9/15
Neon has a boiling point of 27 K. Express this temperature
in degrees Fahrenheit.
A) 352°F
B) 168°F
C) −246°F
D) −411°F
Bell Ringer 9/10/15
Apply the COAST framework to End of Chapter Question
#86 and answer parts (a) and (b). We will discuss the
answer at the end of the class.
Mass
(g)
Height
(cm)
Diameter
(cm)
Cylinder A
15.560
5.1
1.2
Cylinder B
35.536
5.9
1.3
Exit Closing 9/10/15
Apply the COAST framework to End of Chapter Question
#86 and answer parts (c) and (d).
Be prepared to share 1 of the 4 parts with the class.
Mass
(g)
Height
(cm)
Diameter
(cm)
Cylinder A
15.560
5.1
1.2
Cylinder B
35.536
5.9
1.3
Collect and Organize
For this problem we try to identify which cylinder is made of aluminum
and which is made of titanium by comparing experimentally determined
densities with the known densities.
volume of cylinder = height of cylinder ´ p ´ (radius)
where radius = 0.5´ diameter.
Analyze
(a) To calculate the volume of each cylinder from its dimensions, we will
have to use the equation for volume of a cylinder:
(b) To calculate the volume from the water displacement method, we
need only find the difference in water volume for each cylinder from the
diagram in Figure P1.86.
(c) To determine the method with the most significant figures, we will
compare the answers in parts a and b.
(d) To compute the density for each cylinder, we use the equation for
density:
2
Bell Ringer 9/11/15
Apply the COAST framework to answer the
following question.
Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill According to the U.S.
government, 4.9 billion barrels of crude oil flowed
into the Gulf of Mexico following the explosion that
destroyed the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig in
April, 2010. Express this volume of crude oil in liters
and in cubic kilometers.
(1 barrel of oil = 42 gallons.)
Collect and Organize
We are asked in this problem to convert 4.9 billion barrels of crude oil
to liters and cubic kilometers.
Analyze
This is a conversion problem for which we will need the following
conversion factors:
1´10 9 barrels
42 gal
1´10 –3 m 3
1 km
,
,
, and
billion
barrel oil
L
1000 m
Think about It
The oil gushed in this spill for 87 days—that is 9.0  109 L/day.
Exit Closing 9/11/15
We will entertain 3 questions or comments
before we leave today. You have one minute to
write down one question that you should be
prepared to share.
Bell Ringer 9/14/15
Quiz Day!
You have 3 minutes to make sure your
Composition Book has all the information
you might need in it. It is fair game to use
on your quiz!
Exit Closing 9/14/15
If there was one question on the quiz you feel
like you were the best at put a star on the board
next to that question.
If there was one question on the quiz that was
your weakness or the weakness of your
classmates, put a heart by it (no reason for the
heart besides to see your heart drawing skills).
Bell Ringer 9/15/15
You will be making a flip book with the next 5 sheets in your
composition book for chapter 2 INSTEAD of Cornell Notes. Yes it
is graded. Please turn your book sideways. You will need to cut
the pages to look like the following:
Cut SMALL
amounts off
the top 4
pages to
make tabs.
Cut too much
& you won’t
have writing
room! I
suggest
starting
cutting with
page 4 &
work upward.
Historical View of Atoms, Ions
& Molecules
Cut the Black Lines
through these 4 sheets.
Exit Closing 9/15/15
Two of the following are a truth and the other is a
falsehood. Evaluate each statement to determine
which is which and be prepared to share with the
class.
1) Robert Millikan determined the size and mass of
the electron.
2) Robert Millikan’s oil drum experiment led to the
plum pudding model.
3) JJ Thomson discovered the electron using a
cathode ray.
Bell Ringer 9/16/15
Had the plum-pudding model been valid, how
would the results of the gold-foil experiment
have differed from what Geiger and Marsden
actually observed?
Collect and Organize
We are asked to consider what Rutherford’s gold-foil experiments would have shown if the
plum-pudding model had been valid.
Analyze
The plum-pudding model of the atom viewed the electrons as small particles in a diffuse,
positively charged “pudding.”
Solve
Had the plum-pudding model been valid, the  particles would have encountered only a
diffuse positive charge when entering the atom, and they would have been only slightly
deflected from their straight-line path.
Think about It
Because the positive charge in the atom was viewed as diffuse, no  particles would have
bounced back toward their source in an experiment confirming the plum-pudding model.
The key result of Rutherford’s experiment was that a few  particles came directly back
toward the  source, indicating a highly dense nucleus of positive charge.
Exit Closing 9/16/15
Nearly all stable nuclides have at least as many
neutrons as protons in their nuclei. Which very
common nuclide is an exception?
Collect and Organize
Given that most stable nuclides have at least equal numbers
of neutrons in their nuclei as protons (and often more), we
are to identify the element to which this rule is an exception.
Analyze
Neutrons help stabilize the nucleus by counteracting the
repulsive forces between protons.
Solve
Hydrogen, with only one proton, does not need neutrons to
be stable and so is the exception.
Think about It
Hydrogen, however, can have one (for deuterium) and even
two (for tritium) neutrons in its nucleus.
Bell Ringer 9/17/15
Describe two ways in which  particles and β
particles differ.
Needs some hints?
You will be provided some visuals after 2
minutes. You should note that there are many
more than 2 differences!
Collect and Organize
We are to describe two differences between  and  particles.
Analyze
Both  and  particles are the result of nuclear processes, but they differ in their
masses and charges.
Solve
Alpha particles are massive (about the mass of the helium nucleus), whereas 
particles are very light (about the mass of an electron). These particles also have
opposite charges:  particles have a 2+ charge, whereas  particles have a 1–
charge.
Think about It
Alpha particles are composed of two protons and two neutrons, and so when they
are emitted from a nucleus the mass of the nuclide goes down by two mass units
and its atomic number is reduced by 2. Beta emission changes a neutron into a
proton in the nucleus, and therefore the atomic number increases, but the mass
of the nuclide changes very little.
Exit Closing 9/17/15
How many protons, neutrons, and
electrons are there in the following atoms?
(a) 11B; (b) 19F; (c) 131I; (d) 222Rn
An isotope is given by the symbol ZAX, where X is the element symbol from the
periodic table, Z is the atomic number (the number of protons in the nucleus), and A
is the mass number (the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus). Often, Z
is omitted because the element symbol gives us the same information about the
identity of the element. To determine the number of neutrons in the nucleus for
each named isotope, we subtract Z (number of protons) from A (mass number). If
the elements are neutral (no charge), the number of electrons equals the number of
protons in the nucleus.
Atom Mass
Number
Atomic Number Number of Neutrons = Number of
= Number of
Mass Number – Atomic Electrons =
Number of
Protons
Number
Protons
5
6
5
(a)
11B
11
(b)
19F
19
9
10
9
(c)
131I
131
53
78
53
(d)
222Rn
222
86
136
86
Bell Ringer 9/18/15
Fill in the missing information in the following table of
monatomic ions.
Symbol
37Cl–
?
?
?
Number of Protons
?
11
?
88
Number of Neutrons
?
12
46
?
Number of Electrons
?
10
36
86
Mass Number
?
?
81
226
How many molecules are there
in 24 grams of FeF3?
How many molecules are there
in 9.34 grams of LiCl?
How many grams do 4.3 x 1021
molecules of UF6 weigh?
Exit Closing 9/18/15
Phosgene was used as a chemical
weapon during World War I.
Despite the name, phosgene
molecules contain no atoms of
phosphorus. Instead, they contain
atoms of carbon and the group 16
element in the second row of the
periodic table and the group 17
element in the third row. What are
the identities and atomic numbers
of the two elements?
Collect and Organize
Knowing that the chemical weapon phosgene contains a second-row
element in group 16 and a third-row element in group 17 as well as
carbon, we are to name those particular elements and give their
atomic numbers.
Analyze
The second-row elements start with lithium and end at neon. The
third-row elements start at sodium and end at argon.
Solve
The elements in phosgene besides carbon are oxygen (group 16), with
atomic number 8, and chlorine (group 17), with atomic number 17.
Think about It
Phosgene is a small molecule (COCl2) that is highly toxic and causes
suffocation when inhaled.
Bell Ringer 9/21/15
Swimming Pool Chemistry
Compounds containing chlorine have long been
used to disinfect the water in swimming pools,
but in recent years a compound of a less
corrosive halogen has become a popular
alternative disinfectant. What is the name of
this fourth-row element?
Collect and Organize
We are asked to name the fourth-row halogen that can be used as an
alternative to chlorine as a disinfectant.
Analyze
The fourth-row elements start at potassium and end at krypton. The
halogens are the elements in group 17.
Solve
The fourth-row halogen element is bromine.
Think about It
Iodine, the fifth-row halogen, can also be used as a disinfectant or
antiseptic.
We pee in the pool, leave
our band aids, don’t wipe
well and blow boogers
for chlorine to disinfect!
Exit Closing 9/21/15
Explain how percent natural abundances are
used to calculate average atomic masses.
Collect and Organize
In this question we relate the percentage of natural abundance to the
average atomic mass of an element.
Analyze
The natural abundance of an isotope of an element indicates how common
that isotope is in nature (on Earth).
Solve
Isotopic abundances are used to compute the weighted average atomic
mass. The known isotopic abundances must be considered since the
dominance of one isotope will contribute most to the average mass.
Think about It
The high abundance of one isotope over another indicates its higher
nuclear stability.
Bell Ringer 9/22/15
The vanadium in nature consists of two
isotopes: 50V and 51V.
Which one is the more abundant?
Collect and Organize
Given the mass numbers (50 and 51) for the two isotopes of
vanadium, we are to determine which is most abundant.
Analyze
The atomic mass on the periodic table for vanadium is 50.942
amu. This value is closer to 51 than to 50.
Solve
51V is the more abundant isotope.
Think about It
In Appendix 3 you can see that 51V is actually 99.750%
abundant, so 50V is only 0.250% abundant.
Exit Closing 9/22/15
Rank the following molecules based on
decreasing molecular mass. (a) H2; (b) Br2; (c)
NO2; (d) C2H2; (e) BF3
Collect and Organize
For a list of five compounds, we are to determine their molecular masses and
then rank them in order of decreasing mass.
Analyze
When we use the masses on the periodic table to calculate the molecular
masses, we obtain the following:
H2 = 2.016 amu
Br2 = 159.81 amu
NO2 = 46.01 amu
C2H2 = 26.04 amu
BF3 = 13.83 amu
Solve
In order of decreasing molecular mass: (b) Br2 < (c) NO2 < (d) C2H2 < (e) BF3 <
(a) H2.
Think about It
In this problem fewer significant figures were necessary for the molecular
masses because we were going to compare masses, and the masses were not
likely to be too close together to warrant more than four significant digits.
Bell Ringer 9/23/15
Day 1 of 3 Density of an Egg Lab
Before you can begin collecting data…you must
have your lab book entry preapproved. Must be
completed through safety before you can begin.
Intro (last sentence is prediction), Procedures,
Safety, Data & Observations, Calculations &
Results (excel graphs et), Discussion of Results,
References in ACS and Additional Questions
Bell Ringer 9/24/15
Day 2 of 3 Density of an Egg Lab
Before you can begin collecting data…you must
have your lab book entry preapproved. Must be
completed through safety before you can begin.
Intro (last sentence is prediction), Procedures,
Safety, Data & Observations, Calculations &
Results (excel graphs et), Discussion of Results,
References in ACS and Additional Questions
Bell Ringer 9/25/15
Day 3 of 3 Density of an Egg Lab
Last Day in Class…Grading on Monday!
Intro (last sentence is prediction), Procedures,
Safety, Data & Observations, Calculations & Results
(excel graphs et), Discussion of Results, References
in ACS and Additional Questions
3rd Person Only! Individual work!
Bell Ringer 9/28/15
In what way is the molar mass of an ionic
compound the same as its formula mass, and in
what ways are they different?
Collect and Organize
For an ionic compound, we are asked to distinguish between its molar
mass and its formula mass.
Analyze
The molar mass is the mass of 1 mol of the particles that compose a
substance, and the formula mass is the mass of one formula unit of an
ionic compound.
Solve
Both terms give us the mass of 1 mol of a substance. The distinction
lies in the fact that the formula mass is reserved for the mass of a mole
of a substance that does not have a defined molecular structure, such
as ionic compounds held together by the attraction of the negative
anions for the positive cations.
Think about It
For a molecular compound, the formula mass is equal to the molecular
mass. These terms are often used interchangeably.
Exit Closing 9/28/15
The following quantities of trace gases were
found in a 1.0 mL sample of air. Calculate the
number of moles of each compound
in the sample.
a.
1.4  1013 molecules of H2
b. 1.5  1014 atoms of He
c.
7.7  1012 molecules of N2O
d. 3.0  1012 molecules of CO
Collect and Organize
In this exercise, we convert the number of molecules of each gas found in the sample
to moles.
Analyze
To convert the number of molecules to moles, we divide by Avogadro’s number.
Solve
(a) 1.4  1013 molecules of H 2
6.022  10
23
molecules/mol
 2.3  10 11 mol H 2
(b)
1.5  1014 atoms of He
10

2.5

10
mol He
6.022  1023 atoms/mol
(c)
7.7  1012 molecules of N 2 O
 1.3  1011 mol N 2 O
23
6.022  10 molecules/mol
(d)
3.0  1012 molecules of CO
 5.0  1012 mol CO
23
6.022  10 molecules/mol
Think about It
The trace gas that has the largest number of atoms or molecules present also has the
largest number of moles present. In this sample of air, the amount of the trace gases
decreases in the order He > H2 > N2O > CO.
Bell Ringer 9/29/15
Today we will have a BR, a Middle Q, and Exit
Closing…
How many moles of iron and how many atoms
of iron are there in 2.5 moles of each of the
following? (a) wolframite, FeWO4; (b) pyrite,
FeS2; (c) magnetite, Fe3O4; (d) hematite, Fe2O3
Collect and Organize
In this exercise we convert from the moles of iron contained in a substance to the number of atoms
present.
Analyze
For each substance we need to take into account the number of moles of iron atoms present in 1 mol
of the substance. For 2.5 mol of substance, then, a substance that contains two atoms of iron in its
formula contains
2.5  2 = 5.0 mol of iron. We can then use Avogadro’s number to convert the moles of iron to the
number of atoms present in the sample.
Solve
(a) Wolframite, FeWO4, contains one atom of Fe per formula unit, so 2.5 mol of wolframite contains
2.5 mol of Fe.
(b) The formula for pyrite, FeS2, contains only one iron atom per formula unit as well, so the answer
is identical to that calculated in part a.
(c) Magnetite, Fe3O4, contains three iron atoms in its formula, so 2.5 mol of Fe3O4 contains 2.5  3 =
7.5 mol of iron.
(d) Hematite, Fe2O3, contains two iron atoms in its formula, so 2.5 mol of hematite contains 2.5  2 =
5.0 mol of iron.
Think about It
The ratio of iron atoms in wolframite to pyrite to magnetite to hematite of 1: 1: 3: 2 reflects the
number of iron atoms in their formulas.
The Middle! 9/29/15
Which substance in each of the following pairs
of quantities contains more moles of oxygen?
a.
2 mol N2O or 1 mol N2O5
b. 1 mol NO or 1 mol Ca(NO3)2
c.
2 mol NO2 or 1 mol NaNO2
Collect and Organize
Given the formulas and the moles of each substance in a pair, we are asked to decide
which compound contains more moles of oxygen.
Analyze
To answer this question, we have to take into account the moles of oxygen present in
the substance formulas as well as the initial number of moles specified for each
substance.
Solve
(a) Two moles of N2O contains 2 mol of oxygen, and 1 mol of N2O5 contains 5 mol of
oxygen. Therefore, N2O5 contains the most moles of oxygen.
(b) One mole of NO contains 1 mol of oxygen, and 1 mol of calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2]
contains 6 mol of oxygen. Therefore, the calcium nitrate contains six times more
moles of oxygen than the NO.
(c) Two moles of NO2 contains 4 mol of oxygen, and 1 mol of sodium nitrite (NaNO2)
contains 2 mol of oxygen. The NO2 contains more moles of oxygen.
Think about It
We cannot decide which substance has more moles of oxygen by comparing only the
amounts of substances present. If that were the case, we would have concluded
wrongly that 2 mol of N2O contains more moles of oxygen than 1 mol of N2O5.
Exit Closing 9/29/15
What nuclide is produced in the core of a
collapsing giant star by each of the following
reactions?
65 Cu + 3 1 n → ? + 0β
a.
29
0
–1
b. 6830Zn + 2 10n → ? + –10β
88 Sr + 1 n → ? + 0β
c.
38
0
–1
Collect and Organize
We are asked to predict the products of neutron capture reactions in the core
of a collapsing giant star.
Analyze
To solve this problem, we balance the reactions for mass number and atomic
number between the reactants and products. We have to take into account
that multiple neutrons can be added under these conditions.
Solve
(a) 65 Cu + 31 n ®
29
0
68
30
70
31
(b)
68
30
Zn + 2 10 n ®
(c)
88
38
Sr + 10 n ®
Zn + -10b
Ga + -10b
89
39
Y + -10b
Think about It
Adding neutrons to the nucleus does not itself change the atomic number.
Subsequent  emission, however, does, and the result is the building up of
heavier elements in the periodic table.
Bell Ringer 9-30-15
Due to Homecoming Mayhem…You will need to
either be working on your 6 essay quiz questions
or as a group you can review for your first exam.
Bell Ringer 10-1-15
Due to Homecoming Mayhem…You will need to
either be working on your 6 essay quiz questions
or as a group you can review for your first exam.
Bell Ringer 10-5-15
Please have your 6 essay quiz questions stapled
with the cover sheet. Be prepared to write a
question selected by the roll of our dice. You
may have out your learning log
but not your book.
Good Luck!
Bell Ringer 10/6/15
Chapters 1 & 2 Exam
Pick up your remote from the CPS bag. Be sure
that it is YOUR number. Begin testing
immediately.
You may use: Scratch paper and a NONProgrammable Calculator. No Cell Phones!
Bell Ringer 10/07/15
Pick up the Anticipatory Guide (T/F Sheet) on
the side wall. Note that you are ONLY filling out
the T/F column one. Before we begin this
chapter we want a measure of what you know.
You are NOT graded on this column. It is only to
measure growth. AFTER the chapter, we will
finish this sheet. Please do not work ahead. You
have 5 minutes to go with your gut and guess
True or False. Do not look up answers.
Exit Closing 10-07-15
Submarine Communications The Russian and American
navies developed extremely low-frequency communications
networks to send messages to submerged submarines. The
frequency of the carrier wave of the Russian network was
82 Hz, while the Americans used 76 Hz.
What was the ratio of the wavelengths of the Russian network
to the American network?
To calculate the actual underwater wavelength of the
transmissions in either network, what additional information
would you need?
Bell Ringer 10-08-15
Which radiation has the longer wavelength, (a)
radio waves from an AM radio station
broadcasting at 680 kHz or (b) infrared radiation
emitted by the surface of Earth (l = 15 µm)?
Exit 10-08-15
When dentists take X-rays, the patient is given a
protective shield from excess radiation. How
much more energy is there per photon from an
X-ray (l = 71.2 pm) than from UV radiation
(l = 250 nm)?
Bell Ringer 10-9-15
Which of the following have quantized values?
Explain your selections.
a. The pitch of a note played on a slide trombone
b. The pitch of a note played on a flute
c. The wavelengths of light produced by the heating
elements in a toaster
d. The wind speed at the top of Mt. Everest
Bell Ringer 10/9/15
Day 1 of 4 Chromatography Lab
Before you can begin collecting data…you must
have your lab book entry preapproved. Must be
completed through safety before you can begin.
Intro (last sentence is prediction), Procedures,
Safety, Data & Observations, Calculations &
Results (excel graphs et), Discussion of Results,
References in ACS and Additional Questions
Exit Closing 10-9-15
Titanium (F = 6.94 × 10–19 J) and
silicon (F = 7.24 × 10–19 J)
surfaces are irradiated with UV radiation with a
wavelength of 250 nm. Which surface emits
electrons with the longer wavelength? What is
the wavelength of the electrons emitted by the
titanium surface?
Bell Ringer 10-12-15
Explain the difference between a ground-state H
atom and an excited-state H atom.
Exit Closing 10-12-15
Does the electromagnetic energy emitted by an
excited-state H atom depend on the individual
values of n1 and n2, or only on the difference
between them (n1 – n2)?
Bell Ringer 10-13-15
Without calculating any frequency values, rank the
following transitions in the hydrogen atom in order
of increasing frequency of the
electromagnetic radiation that
could produce them.
a.
n=4→n=6
b.
n=6→n=8
c.
n = 9 → n = 11
d.
n = 11 → n = 13
Exit Closing 10-13-15
Why do matter waves not add significantly to
the challenge of hitting a baseball thrown at 99
mph (44 m/s)?
Bell Ringer 10-14-15
Which (if any) of the following statements about the
frequency of a particle is true?
a. Heavy, fast-moving objects have lower frequencies
than those of lighter, faster-moving objects.
b. Only very light particles can have high frequencies.
c. Doubling the mass of an object and halving its speed
result in no change in its frequency.
Exit Closing 10-14-15
How rapidly would each of the following particles
be moving if they all had the same wavelength as a
photon of
red light (l = 750 nm)?
a.
An electron of mass 9.10938 × 10–28 g
b.
A proton of mass 1.67262 × 10–24 g
c.
A neutron of mass 1.67493 × 10–24 g
d. An α particle of mass 6.64 × 10–24 g
Bell Ringer 10-19-15
How many orbitals are there in an atom with the
following combinations of quantum numbers?
a.
n = 3, ℓ = 2
b. n = 3, ℓ = 1
c.
n = 4, ℓ = 2, mℓ = 2
Exit Closing 10-19-15
Which are the possible values of mℓ when ℓ = 2?
Bell Ringer 10-20-15
How many electrons could occupy orbitals with
the following quantum numbers?
a.
n = 3, ℓ = 2
b. n = 5, ℓ = 4
c.
n = 3, ℓ = 0
d. n = 4, ℓ = 1, mℓ = 1
Exit Closing 10-20-15
Why do so many transition metals form ions
with a 2+ charge?
Bell Ringer 10-21-15
Identify the subshells with the following
combinations of quantum numbers and arrange
them in order of increasing energy in
an atom of gold:
a.
n = 2, ℓ = 1
b. n = 5, ℓ = 0
c.
n = 3, ℓ = 2
d. n = 4, ℓ = 3
Exit Closing 10-21-15
In what way are the electron configurations of
C, Si, and Ge similar?
Bell Ringer 10-22-15
How many unpaired electrons are there in the
following ground-state atoms and ions? (a) Sc;
(b) Ag+; (c) Cd2+; (d) Zr4+
Exit Closing 10-22-15
Identify the element whose condensed electron
configuration is [Ne]3s23p3. How many unpaired
electrons are there in the ground state
of this atom?
Bell Ringer 10-23-15
Why does atomic size tend to decrease with
increasing atomic number across a row of the
periodic table?
Exit Closing 10-23-15
Which of the group 17 elements forms the
largest monatomic ions? Explain your selection.
Bell Ringer 10-26-15
Finish the fill pattern for electrons below.
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s…
Exit Closing 10-26-15
How many unpaired electrons are there in the iron (Z=26) atom?
A) 0
B) 2
C) 4
D) 6
Bell Ringer 10-27-15
Select the electron configuration of 26Fe3+, the ferric ion.
A) [Ar]3d64s2
B) [Ar]3d34s2
C) [Ar]3d6
D) [Ar]3d5
Exit Closing 10-27-15
Select the sequence of atoms that are correctly listed
in order of increasing size.
A) F < Br < Ge < K
B) Na < Al < P < S
C) Ba < Ca < Mg < Be
D) Cl < Si < C < B
Bell Ringer 10-28-15
Describe the differences in bonding in covalent
and ionic compounds.
Exit Closing 10-28-15
What is the electrostatic potential energy
between a pair of aluminum and oxide ions in
solid Al2O3?
Bell Ringer 10-29-15
Rank the following ionic compounds, which have
the same crystal structure, from least negative
to most negative lattice energy:
CsCl, CsBr, and CsI.
Exit Closing 10-29-15
More than a dozen compounds containing sulfur
and oxygen have been identified. What are the
chemical formulas of the following six? (a) sulfur
monoxide; (b) sulfur dioxide; (c) sulfur trioxide;
(d) disulfur monoxide; (e) hexasulfur monoxide;
(f) heptasulfur dioxide
Bell Ringer 10-30-15
What are the names of these compounds?
(a) RuS
(b) PdCl2
(c) Ag2O
(d) WO3
(e) PtO2
Exit Closing 10-30-15
Draw Lewis structures of the most stable ions
formed by lithium, magnesium, aluminum, and
fluorine.
Bell Ringer 11-2-15
How many valence electrons are in each of
these atoms or ions? Xe, Sr2+, Cl, and Cl–
Exit Closing 11-2-15
Draw Lewis structures for the following
molecular compounds and ions: (a) AlCl3, (b)
PH3; (c) H2Se; (d) NO2–; (e) AlH4–.
Bell Ringer 11-3-15
How do the electronegativities of the elements
change across a row and down a group in the
periodic table?
Exit Closing 11-3-15
Which is the least polar bond?
C—Se
C==O
Cl—Br
O==O
N—H
C—H
Bell Ringer 11-4-15
What factors determine whether or not a
molecule or ion exhibits resonance?
Exit Closing 11-4-15
Oxygen and sulfur combine to form a variety of
different sulfur oxides. Some are stable
molecules and some, including S2O2 and S2O3,
decompose when they are heated. Draw Lewis
structures for the two compounds showing all
resonance forms.
Bell Ringer 11-5-15
How do the electronegativities of elements
influence the selection of which Lewis structure
is favored?
Exit Closing 11-5-15
Origins of Life The discovery of polyatomic
organic molecules such as cyanamide (H2NCN) in
interstellar space has led some scientists to
believe that the molecules from which life began
on Earth may have come from space. Draw
Lewis structures for cyanamide, and select the
preferred structure on the basis of
formal charges.
Bell Ringer 11-6-15
In which of the following molecules does the
phosphorus atom have an expanded valence
shell? (a) POCl3; (b) PF5; (c) PF3; (d) P2F4 (which
has a P P bond)
Exit Closing 11-6-15
Which of the following nitrogen oxides are oddelectron molecules?
(a) NO; (b) NO2; (c) NO3; (d) N2O4; (e) N2O5
Bell Ringer 11-9-15
Rank the following ions in order of increasing
carbon–oxygen bond lengths:
CO, CO2, and CO32–.
Exit Closing 11-9-15
Rank the following ions in order of increasing
carbon–oxygen bond energy:
CO, CO2, and CO32–.
Bell Ringer 11/10/15
Chapters 3 & 4 Exam
Pick up your remote from the CPS bag. Be sure
that it is YOUR number. Begin testing
immediately.
You may use: Scratch paper and a NONProgrammable Calculator. No Cell Phones!
Exit Closing 11/10/15
We will entertain 3 questions or comments
before we leave today. You have one minute to
write down one question that you should be
prepared to share.
Bell Ringer 11/11/15
Day 1 of 4 Foundry Lab
(In the Library Days 1 & 4)
Your lab notebook should focus on Short Intro
with prediction, procedures, Safety, and Data
Formal Write Up Should Include:
Intro (last sentence is prediction), Procedures,
Safety, Data & Observations, Calculations &
Results (excel graphs et), Discussion of Results,
References in ACS and Additional Questions
Exit Closing 11/11/15
We will entertain 3 questions or comments
before we leave today. You have one minute to
write down one question that you should be
prepared to share.
Bell Ringer 11/12/15
Day 2 of 4 Foundry Lab
Data Collection Day!
Your lab notebook should focus on Short Intro
with prediction, procedures, Safety, and Data
Formal Write Up Should Include:
Intro (last sentence is prediction), Procedures,
Safety, Data & Observations, Calculations &
Results (excel graphs et), Discussion of Results,
References in ACS and Additional Questions
Exit Closing 11/12/15
We will entertain 3 questions or comments
before we leave today. You have one minute to
write down one question that you should be
prepared to share.
Bell Ringer 11/13/15
Day 3 of 4 Foundry Lab
Data Collection Day!
Your lab notebook should focus on Short Intro
with prediction, procedures, Safety, and Data
Formal Write Up Should Include:
Intro (last sentence is prediction), Procedures,
Safety, Data & Observations, Calculations &
Results (excel graphs et), Discussion of Results,
References in ACS and Additional Questions
Exit Closing 11/13/15
We will entertain 3 questions or comments
before we leave today. You have one minute to
write down one question that you should be
prepared to share.
Bell Ringer 11/16/15
Day 4 of 4 Foundry Lab
(In the Library Days 1 & 4)
Your lab notebook should focus on Short Intro
with prediction, procedures, Safety, and Data
Formal Write Up Should Include:
Intro (last sentence is prediction), Procedures,
Safety, Data & Observations, Calculations &
Results (excel graphs et), Discussion of Results,
References in ACS and Additional Questions
Exit Closing 11/16/15
We will entertain 3 questions or comments
before we leave today. You have one minute to
write down one question that you should be
prepared to share.
Bell Ringer 11/17/15
In which molecular geometry do equatorial
bonding pairs of electrons repel each other
more: square pyramidal or trigonal bipyramidal?
Exit Closing 11/17/15
The O–N–O bond angle in NO2 is slightly larger
than it is in NO2–. Why?
Bell Ringer 11/18/15
Rank the following molecules in order of
increasing bond angles: (a) NH3; (b) CH4; (c) H2O.
Exit Closing 11/18/15
Determine the molecular geometries of the
following molecules and ions:
(a) NO3–; (b) NO43–; (c) NCN2–; (d) NF3.
Bell Ringer 11/19/15
Determine the molecular geometries of the
following ions: (a) SCN–; (b) CH3PCl3+ (P is the
central atom and is bonded to the C atom of the
methyl group); (c) ICl2–; (d) PO33–.
Exit Closing 11/19/15
Which two of the species N3–, O3, and CO2 have
the same molecular geometry?
Bell Ringer 11/20/15
Must a polar molecule contain polar covalent
bonds? Why?
Exit Closing 11/20/15
Which of the following molecules has a
permanent dipole? (a) C4F8 (cyclic structure); (b)
ClFCCF2; (c) Cl2HCCClF2
Bell Ringer 11/23/15
Which molecule in each of the following pairs is
more polar? (a) NH3 or PH3; (b) CCl2F2 or CBr2F2
Exit Closing 11/23/15
What is the hybridization of nitrogen in each of
the following ions and molecules? (a) NO2+; (b)
NO2–; (c) N2O; (d) N2O5; (e) N2O3
Bell Ringer 11/24/15
How does the hybridization of the sulfur atom
change in the series SF2, SF4, SF6?
Exit Closing 11/24/15
What is the molecular geometry around sulfur
and nitrogen in the sulfamate anion shown in
Figure P5.73? Which atomic or hybrid orbitals
overlap to form the S–O and S–N bonds in the
sulfamate anion?
Bell Ringer 11/30/15
Which of the molecules in Figure P5.82 are
chiral?
Exit Closing 11/30/15
Which of the molecules in Figure P5.84 are
chiral?
Bell Ringer 12/1/15
Do all σ molecular orbitals result from the
overlap of s atomic orbitals?
Exit Closing 12/1/15
Do all π molecular orbitals result from the
overlap of p atomic orbitals?
Bell Ringer 12/2/15
Diatomic noble gas molecules, such as He2 and
Ne2, do not exist. Would removing an electron
create molecular ions, such as He2+ and Ne2+,
that are more stable than He2 and Ne2?
Exit Closing 12/2/15
Which of the following molecular ions are
diamagnetic? (a) O2–; (b) O22–; (c) N22–; (d) F2+
Bell Ringer 12/3/15
Which of the following molecular cations have
electrons in π antibonding orbitals? (a) N2+; (b)
O2+; (c) C22+; (d) Br22+
Exit Closing 12/3/15
For which of the following diatomic molecules
does the bond order increase with the loss of
two electrons, forming the corresponding 2+
cation? (a) B2; (b) C2; (c) N2; (d) O2
Bell Ringer 12/4/15
Cl2O2 may play a role in ozone depletion in the
stratosphere. Draw the Lewis structure for Cl2O2
based on the skeletal structure in Figure P5.110.
What is the geometry about the central chlorine
atom?
FIGURE P5 .110
Exit Closing 12/4/15
Ozone Depletion In 1999, the ClO+ ion, a
potential contributor to stratospheric ozone
depletion, was isolated in the laboratory.
a.
Draw the Lewis structure for ClO+.
b. Using the molecular orbital diagram
for ClO+ in Figure P5.113, determine
the order of the Cl–O bond in ClO+.
Bell Ringer 12/7/15
Early Earth Some scientists believe that an
anion with the skeletal structure shown in Figure
P5.114 may have played a role in the formation
of nucleic acids before life existed on Earth.
a. Complete the Lewis structure of this anion.
b. Predict the C—P—O bond angle in the anion.
Exit Closing 12/7/15
Two compounds formed by the reaction of
boron with carbon monoxide have these skeletal
structures: B–B–C–O and O–C–B–B–C–O.
a. Draw the Lewis structures of both compounds
that minimize formal charges.
b. What are the B–B–C bond angles in the
molecules?