Unit 2 Test: The Life of a Cell
The Discovery of Cells
Objective 2.1: I can relate advances in microscope technology to discoveries about cells and cell
structure.
Explain the importance of microscopes.
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Answer: Microscopes enabled biologists to see cells and develop the cell theory.
Objective 2.2: I can compare the operation of a compound light microscope with that of an electron
microscope.
Can live specimens be examined with an electron microscope? Explain.
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Answer: Electron microscopes are used to study cell structure in detail, but the cell must be dead.
Objective 2.3: I can identify main ideas of cell theory.
List the three main ideas of cell theory.
1. ___________________________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________________________________
Answer: (1) All organisms are composed of one or more cells. (2) The cell is the basic unit of structure
and organization of organisms. (3) All cells come from preexisting cells.
Objective 2.4: I can compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Complete the table by checking the correct column for each statement.
Statement
Prokaryotes
Organisms that have cells lacking internal
X
membrane-bound structures
Do not have a nucleus
X
Are either single-celled or made up of many cells
Generally are single-celled organisms
X
Eukaryotes
X
Bacteria cells are classified as prokaryotic while fish cells are classified as eukaryotic. Which of the
following best describes the difference between these two organisms’ cells?
a. A prokaryotic cell is larger than a eukaryotic cell.
b. A prokaryotic cell does not have internal membrane-bound structures and a eukaryotic cell does.
c. A prokaryotic cell is always a plant cell and a eukaryotic cell is always an animal cell.
d. Metabolic functions do not occur in a prokaryotic cell but do occur in a eukaryotic cell.
Answer: B
The Plasma Membrane
Objective 2.5: I can describe how a cell’s plasma membrane functions.
What is the function of a cell’s selectively permeable membrane?
a.
To regulate energy production in the cell
b.
To keep mitochondria from using nuclear material
c.
To maintain a constant lipid-protein ratio in the cell
d.
To control materials entering and leaving the cell
Answer: D
Objective 2.6: I can relate the function of the plasma membrane to the fluid mosaic model.
Explain how the words fluid and mosaic describe the plasma membrane.
Fluid: _______________________________________________________________________________
Mosaic: ______________________________________________________________________________
Answer: It is fluid because the phospholipids, proteins, and cholesterol float in the membrane.
It is a mosaic because it has many parts. The proteins create patterns on the membrane’s surface.
Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Objective 2.7: I can identify the structure and function of the parts of a typical eukaryotic cell.
Match the cells parts to their functions.
1) Maintains homeostasis ____ C
2) Supports and protects all cells ____ I
3) Makes proteins ____ F
4) Produces food ____ K
5) Provides internal structure ____ A
6) Chemical reactions ____ J
7) Sorts and transports ____ E
8) Digests material ____ B
9) Transforms energy ____ H
10) Cell control center ____ D
11) Storage ____ G
A) Cytoskeleton
B) Lysosome
C) Plasma membrane
D) Nucleus
E) Golgi apparatus
F) Ribosome
G) Vacuole
H) Mitochondrion
I) Cell wall
J) Endoplasmic reticulum
K) Chloroplast
Objective 2.8: I can compare and contrast the structures of plant and animal cells.
Write titles for each of the generalized diagrams and then label the parts. Use these choices: plant
cell, animal cell, plasma membrane, chloroplast, lysosome, large vacuole, cell wall.
Answer: 24.) animal cell 25.) plant cell 26.) plasma membrane 27.) lysosome 28.) cell wall 29.)
chloroplast 30.) large vacuole
Which of the following structures is NOT found in both plant and animal cells?
a. chloroplast
d. mitochondria
b. cytoskeleton
e. nucleus
c. ribosomes
Answer: A
Cell Transport
Objective 2.9: I can explain how the process of diffusion, passive transport, and active transport occur
and why they are important to cells.
Explain what is meant by concentration gradient.
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LOW
HIGH
The model above represents a cell in a solution. Use it to answer the following questions.
a. In space A, draw an arrow that shows the direction in which the molecules will move during passive
transport.
Explain your answer: __________________________________________________________________
b. In space B, draw an arrow that shows the direction in which the molecules will move during active
transport.
Explain your answer: __________________________________________________________________
Answer: a.) The arrow will be pointing to the left because in passive transport, molecules move with the
concentration gradient. b.) The arrow will be point to the right because in active transport, molecules
move against the concentration gradient.
Objective 2.10: I can predict the effect of a hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic solution on a cell.
Complete the table by checking the correct column for each statement.
Statement
Isotonic Solution
Hypotonic Solution
1. Causes a cell to swell
X
2. Doesn’t change the
X
shape of a cell
3. Causes a cell to shrink
Hypertonic Solution
Cell Growth and Reproduction
Objective 2.11: I can sequence the events of the cell cycle.
Identify the following phases of mitosis. Use these choices: telophase, metaphase, anaphase,
prophase. Then label the diagrams. Use these choices: sister chromatids, centromere, spindle
fibers, centrioles.
X
Answer: 22.) prophase 23.) metaphase 24.) anaphase 25.) telophase 26.) centrioles 27.) chromatids 28.)
centromere 29.) spindle fibers
Objective 2.12: I can relate the function of a cell to its organization in tissues, organs, and organ systems.
Which of the following best describes the sequence of organization in a frog’s body from simplest to most
complex?
a. Cells → tissues → organs → organ systems
b. Organs → organ systems → organelles → cells
c. Organelles → cells → organisms → tissue
d. Cells → organelles → tissues → organs
Answer: A
Control of the Cell Cycle
Objective 2.13: I can describe the role of enzymes in the regulation of the cell cycle.
In what ways do enzymes control the cell cycle?
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Answer: Enzymes are needed to begin and drive the cell cycle. They also direct the phases of the cell
cycle.
Objective 2.14: I can distinguish between the events of a normal cell cycle and the abnormal events that
result in cancer.
Describe two ways that can cause the cell cycle to become uncontrolled.
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Answer: (1) The lack of enzymes needed to control the cell cycle, (2) overproduction of those enzymes,
or (3) production of other enzymes at the wrong time all can cause the cell cycle to become uncontrolled
and cancer can result.