Using HDS to Assess the Effects of
the Haiti Earthquake on Various
Types of Structures
Shakhzod Takhirov and Khalid Mosalam
nees@berkeley and PEER
University of California, Berkeley
High-Definition Leica Laser Scanners
Scan Station 2
1 unit was acquired in 2008
Single-point range accuracy of
±4mm
Angular accuracies of ± 60 microradians
Laser beam spot size of 4mm from
0-50m range
Field of view: 360° x 270°.
Built-in camera for taking snap shots
of the object and specifying scan
zones
Cyclone software application
2010 Leica Geosystems Worldwide HDS User Conference, October 25-27, San Ramon, CA
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Background: Wood-Frame Building
Evaluation after Earthquake
Wood-Frame Building Test:
Before and After Scans
4-5 scans in each conditions
At least 4 reference targets for each scan
Best resolution: 1000x1000 points
Scans stitched together based on the reference
targets
2010 Leica Geosystems Worldwide HDS User Conference, October 25-27, San Ramon, CA
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Background: Wood-Frame Building
Evaluation after Earthquake
Wood-Frame Building Test:
Before and After Scans
Contour of deformed shape of the
north wall
2010 Leica Geosystems Worldwide HDS User Conference, October 25-27, San Ramon, CA
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Background: Wood-Frame Building
Evaluation after Earthquake
Before and After Scans
Compare vertical slices of building before and after
HDS point cloud well correlates to transducer data
2010 Leica Geosystems Worldwide HDS User Conference, October 25-27, San Ramon, CA
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Background: Wood-Frame Building
Evaluation after Earthquake
Before and After Scans
Compare horizontal slices of building before and
after
HDS point cloud well correlates with transducer
data
2010 Leica Geosystems Worldwide HDS User Conference, October 25-27, San Ramon, CA
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Background: Long Range Leica vs. Short
Range Konica Minolta
Model
Manufacturer
Range,
m
Accuracy,
mm
Target
acquisition
accuracy,
mm
Achieved
stitching
accuracy
(error)
Scan Station 2
Leica Geosystems
100
4
<1
< 4 mm
Vivid 910
Konica Minolta
1.2
0.22
NA
< 0.4 mm
Several individual scans from all sides of a specimen were obtained
Stitched together in application supplied by the scanner manufacturer (Cyclone and
Polygon)
3D image of the specimen is generated
2010 Leica Geosystems Worldwide HDS User Conference, October 25-27, San Ramon, CA
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Background: Long Range Leica vs. Short
Range Konica Minolta
Longitudinal slices:
Scan Station 2 (slice thickness 4 mm: scan range ~ 10 m)
Vivid 910 (slice thickness 1 mm: scan range < 1m)
2010 Leica Geosystems Worldwide HDS User Conference, October 25-27, San Ramon, CA
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Background: Long Range Leica vs. Short
Range Konica Minolta
Transverse section:
Scan Station 2 (slice thickness 4 mm: scan range ~ 10 m)
Vivid 910 (slice thickness 1 mm: scan range < 1m)
2010 Leica Geosystems Worldwide HDS User Conference, October 25-27, San Ramon, CA
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Background: Long Range Leica vs. Short
Range Konica Minolta
Points cloud from Vivid 910 scanner:
Transverse sections with position transducer readings
Longitudinal sections with position transducer readings
2010 Leica Geosystems Worldwide HDS User Conference, October 25-27, San Ramon, CA
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Structural Damage Assessment in Haiti
More than 20 structures were scanned
For each scan position a panorama was generated
2010 Leica Geosystems Worldwide HDS User Conference, October 25-27, San Ramon, CA
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Structural Damage Assessment in Haiti
Environmental conditions on the sites
Structure
Time of scan
Peak temperature
shadow (direct sun), F
Date
Residential
building
PM scans
NA
6/29/2010
Asscotia Hotel
AM scans
104
6/30/2010
Mon Parfum
PM scans
100
6/30/2010
Bank Building
AM scans
106
7/1/2010
Hospital
PM scans
105
7/1/2010
Block 7
AM scans
117 (136)
7/2/2010
Church
PM scans
102
7/2/2010
Bridge
AM scans
NA
7/3/2010
2010 Leica Geosystems Worldwide HDS User Conference, October 25-27, San Ramon, CA
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Structural Damage Assessment in Haiti
Bridge damaged during the earthquake was scanned from 2 positions
2010 Leica Geosystems Worldwide HDS User Conference, October 25-27, San Ramon, CA
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Structural Damage Assessment in Haiti
3D panoramic view of the bridge from Station 2.
2010 Leica Geosystems Worldwide HDS User Conference, October 25-27, San Ramon, CA
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Structural Damage Assessment in Haiti
1
2
3
4
5
The cross sections of the shear key (images #1 and 2) at it face is shown in
image #3. The section taken at the middle of the shear key is shown in
image 4 with zoomed view shown in image 5.
2010 Leica Geosystems Worldwide HDS User Conference, October 25-27, San Ramon, CA
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Structural Damage Assessment in Haiti
N
Registration of Asscotia Hotel and nearby intersection
2010 Leica Geosystems Worldwide HDS User Conference, October 25-27, San Ramon, CA
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Structural Damage Assessment in Haiti
Two horizontal sections at the 1st story of Asscotia Hotel are reduced in
Matlab and overlaid on top of the building image in Google Earth
2010 Leica Geosystems Worldwide HDS User Conference, October 25-27, San Ramon, CA
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Structural Damage Assessment in Haiti
Clicking on balloon with Cal sign will bring interactive panoramic movie of
the building and its surrounding (user can look around the shooting
point and zoom into certain details)
2010 Leica Geosystems Worldwide HDS User Conference, October 25-27, San Ramon, CA
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Structural Damage Assessment in Haiti
Clicking on balloon with Cal sign will bring interactive image that contains
links to points clouds generated by the laser scanner (TruView), so
measurements of the objects can be performed
2010 Leica Geosystems Worldwide HDS User Conference, October 25-27, San Ramon, CA
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Structural Damage Assessment in Haiti
Points with colors based on deviation of columns from a vertical plane
show residual deformation of south wall of Asscotia Hotel
2010 Leica Geosystems Worldwide HDS User Conference, October 25-27, San Ramon, CA
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Structural Damage Assessment in Haiti
Scans of Bottom and Top Portions of First-Story Columns (1 m Apart)
North-South Coordinate (m)
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
Bottom Slice
Top Slice
3.4%
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
East-West Coordinate (m)
0.4
0.6
Scans of Bottom and Top Portions of First-Story Columns (1 m Apart)
0.6
North-South Coordinate (m)
0.4
Bottom Slice
Top Slice
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
2.3%
-0.6
-0.8
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8
East-West Coordinate (m)
8.1
8.2
Residual drift and directivity is estimated from the difference of the top and
bottom slices
2010 Leica Geosystems Worldwide HDS User Conference, October 25-27, San Ramon, CA
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Structural Damage Assessment in Haiti
Two horizontal sections at the 1st story of Asscotia Hotel were reduced in
Matlab and overlaid on top of the building image in Google Earth showing
calculated residual drifts in the columns
2010 Leica Geosystems Worldwide HDS User Conference, October 25-27, San Ramon, CA
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Structural Damage Assessment in Haiti:
Validation
Corner beam-column specimen for a study on non-ductile RC frames
2010 Leica Geosystems Worldwide HDS User Conference, October 25-27, San Ramon, CA
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Structural Damage Assessment in Haiti:
Validation
Validation of the technique in the lab conditions: digital level readings were 10.82%
(top) and 11.82% (bottom)
2010 Leica Geosystems Worldwide HDS User Conference, October 25-27, San Ramon, CA
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Structural Damage Assessment in Haiti
Block 7 from Google Earth imagery taken on January 25, 2010
2010 Leica Geosystems Worldwide HDS User Conference, October 25-27, San Ramon, CA
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Structural Damage Assessment in Haiti
1st building at south-east corner
Ground observations presented by Eduardo Fierro
In opposite to conventional ground surveillance laser scans quantify the
degree of permanent damage and its directivity
2010 Leica Geosystems Worldwide HDS User Conference, October 25-27, San Ramon, CA
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Structural Damage Assessment in Haiti
2nd building at south-east corner
Scans of Bottom and Top Portions of First-Story Columns (1 m Apart)
8
7
Ground observations presented by Eduardo Fierro
North-South Coordinate (m)
6
Bottom Slice
Top Slice
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
0.8%
-2
-21
-20
-19
-18
-17
-16
-15
-14
East-West Coordinate (m)
1.8%
-13
-12
-11
In opposite to conventional ground surveillance laser scans quantify the
degree of permanent damage and its directivity
2010 Leica Geosystems Worldwide HDS User Conference, October 25-27, San Ramon, CA
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Structural Damage Assessment in Haiti
XYRotation
translation Translation
[radians]
[mm]
[mm]
0.0013
-14.4
-27.5
Drift
translation
vector [%]
3.1
Drift angle
to X
[degrees]
207.60
Overall residual drift and directivity is estimated from the difference of the
top and bottom slices for Asscotia Hotel
2010 Leica Geosystems Worldwide HDS User Conference, October 25-27, San Ramon, CA
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Thank you!
The authors acknowledge the financial support, Award # 1034808, from the
National Science Foundation through the RAPID Program. Thanks are due to
Mr. E. Fierro and Prof. E. Miranda for being members of the reconnaissance
team. The following PEER/nees@berkeley summer interns: Victoria Servin,
Clay Sorensen, and Sean Wade, contributed to the pre- and post-field work
using the laser scanners. Their help is gratefully acknowledged.
http://nees.berkeley.edu