Transporting Molecules
Outline of the day
1. Turn in your lab reports at the front
–
More than 10 minutes late = bad
Any questions on last week’s lab?
Quiz
Introduction to the lab
Lab!
Check out
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
•
•
Get a stamp
Make sure I mark you down for attendance
Quiz
• Ends 8 minutes after it’s started
– Ends at: ____
Lab this week!
• Exploring transportation!
– Plants
• Xylem, phloem, etc.
– Animals
• Open vs. closed circulatory systems
– Class experiment!
• Effect of ______ on recovery from exercise
– Yes, we’ll be exercising!
Water transport in
vascular plants
• Water is absorbed by roots
• Travels through stems to
leaves, fruits, flowers, etc.
Missing image:
Image showing plant roots,
shoots, and leaves with
transporting elements
(xylem, phloem) connecting
them.
Pinus sylvestris (Scotts pine) GDL image from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:PinusSylvestris.jpg
Water travels
through xylem
• Xylem cells are dead,
hollow tubes
Missing image:
Image showing plant roots,
shoots, and leaves with
transporting elements
(xylem, phloem) connecting
them.
Hardwood pores - cc by a by McKDandy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hardwood_Pores.jpg
What causes water to move in plants?
Missing image:
Detailed image showing
water entering roots,
moving through xylem, and
then leaving through
stomata in leaves.
• Evaporation of water from the
leaves!
– Water evaporates from the leaves
– Leaf cells replace their lost water
• From the xylem
– Movement of water into leave
cells pulls water up xylem
Leaf image from: http://flickr.com/photos/janinehealy/133056572
How does pulling on water work?
• Water molecules hydrogen bond to each other
O
H
O
Missing image:
Image showing water
moving up a capillary tube
H
O
O
O
H
O
H O
O
hydrogen bonding in water - cc by asa by Thomas Splettstoesser http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Liquid_water_hydrogen_bond.png
Animal circulation
Open
vs.
Closed
Circulatory systems
Missing image:
Image illustrating an open
circulatory system
Missing image:
Image illustrating a closed
circulatory system
• Blood moves in some vessels
– But bathes organs in the body cavity • Blood in vessels (arteries,
– e.g. Insects have no capillaries or
capillaries, veins) all of
veins
the time
• No capillaries!
Blood vessels:
Arteries
Veins
Missing image:
Image contrasting artery
and vein anatomy
Regulation of blood flow
Capillary bed - PD by US Government from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Illu_capillary.jpg
Examples today:
• Arthropods – open circulatory system
– Crayfish (no veins or capillaries)
• Annelids (segmented worms) – closed
– Earthworm
• Mollusks - mixed
– Clam: open (no veins or capillaries)
– Squid: closed
• Vertebrates – closed
Let’s get started!
• In about 10 minutes we’ll discuss the
exercise portion of the lab
Today’s experiment!
• In your group, come up with a list of at
least four variables that you think might
affect recovery from exercise
– Write these on page 7-8
• We’ll talk about these as a group in a bit
The variables
• We’re going to choose one to experiment
on today
Doing the experiment
• Take your pulse now
– Record it in your lab manual
• Jog around the science wing twice!
• When you get back, measure your pulse
rate every two minutes
– Record the data in the lab manual
Do NOT participate if you have a health condition that prevents you from exercising or if
you, for any reason, do not want to participate; there is no need to inform me why you
are not participating. Stop exercising if you feel out of breath of experience physical
pain. Report any injuries to me.
Before you leave
• Clean up your work area
• Show me your lab report so I can stamp it
– Need to have all data fields filled in
– Complete at home and then turn in at the beginning of
next lab
• Remember that we’ll have a quiz at the
beginning of the next class
– 6-7 questions on today’s lab
– 3-4 questions on the lab we’ll do next week
Notes for the instructor:
• Add any relevant cleanup instructions to the final slide (that slide is a
generic one I’m adding to each presentation).
• As it’s difficult to tell open from closed circulatory systems on our
models (e.g., our chordate model doesn’t draw in capillary beds, and
thus has blood vessels ending in open holes, as you’d expect an
open circulatory system to have), I simply tell the students which
organism has each type of system. I do, however, inform them that
they must recognize each type of system, even on a different model.
If you have better models, I’d suggest not giving them the answers
ahead of time.
• I apologize about the high number of missing images; I haven’t been
able to find good, license-free, images of this content. If you find
any, please let me know!
• Transportation of water in plants can be a difficult topic to introduce;
I find that using this animation:
http://croptechnology.unl.edu/animationOut.cgi?anim_name=transpir
ation.swf&width=0&height=0 can help.
License information
• This work is licensed under the Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License. To view a copy of this
license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-ncsa/3.0/us/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second
Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA.
• The slides in this presentation were originally created by Marc
C. Perkins (http://faculty.orangecoastcollege.edu/mperkins).
• You are free to use, modify, and distribute these slides
according to the terms of the Creative Commons license (e.g.,
you must attribute the slides, no commercial uses are allowed,
and future distributions must be licensed under a similar
license).
• Attribution should be given to Marc C. Perkins (and any later
editors), including a link back to Marc’s current website. This
applies both while distributing the slides and during use of the
slides; attribution during use can be satisfied by, for instance,
placing small text on at least one of the slides that has been
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History
• August 2007: Marc Perkins released first
version.
http://faculty.orangecoastcollege.edu/mperkins
(If you modify these slides and redistribute them, add your information to the list)