SAP - Online Transaction Processing (OLTP)
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Process-Based Enterprise Logic
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Data Flow Logic
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Procurement Process Example
 In the procurement process, there may be different business
partners for different roles in the transaction. These partner roles
are defined in vendor master data
Invoice
Presented
By
Ordering
Address
Vendor
Goods
Supplier
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Payment
Received
By
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Procurement Process
Customer
Vendor
Purchase
Requisition
Internal
Demand
Purchase
Order
Goods
Receipt
Invoice
Receipt
Pay
Invoice
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Material Master Data
 An advantage of the SAP system is that it maintains one set of
data in real time. Material data is used by many functional areas.
 With non-integrated systems, each system may contain material
data, and this data is not always consistent. In the SAP system,
the data is consistently correct or incorrect.
 Material Master data is organized by Views. Depending on the
type of material, only certain views need to be used. As the
system is configured, additional views can be added as
necessary.
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Material Master Views
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Basic Data 1
Basic Data 2
Classification
Sales: Sales Org Data 1
Sales: Sales Org Data 2
Sales: General/Plant Data
Foreign Trade: Export Data
Sales Text
Purchasing
MRP 1
MRP 2
MRP 3
MRP 4
Forecasting
Work Scheduling
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General Plant Data/Storage 1
General Plant Data/Storage 2
Warehouse Management 1
Warehouse Management 2
Quality Management
Accounting 1
Accounting 2
Costing 1
Costing 2
Basic Data, Classification are
not plant-specific
Other views are plant-specific
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Material Master Views
Basic
Data
View
NRG-A Bars
Base unit: CS
Gross wt: 72 lb.
Non-plant specific
Plant specific
Plant 1000
NRG-A Bars
Lead Time: 2 days
Std. Price: 216.80
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Plant 2000
MRP
Views
NRG-A Bars
Lead Time: 3 days
Std. Price: 223.20
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Purchasing Process
 Create Purchase Requisition
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Where analysis/vendor selection occurs
 Create Purchase Order from Requisition
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Requisition items can be used to generate multiple purchase orders
 Create Goods Receipt
 Create Invoice Receipt
 Post Outgoing Payment
 Unfortunately, there is no purchasing “document flow” (BT: why not?  )
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Sales & Credit Management Example
 Credit Management is a cross-functional activity between SD and FI
SD
Sales
People
want to
sell
C
R
E
D
I
T
FI
FI
People
want to
reduce
risk
Credit is an independent function
in the SAP R/3 system
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Credit/Risk Process
Credit Management
Cust: Health Express
Risk: Medium
Credit Limit: $10,000
Ttl. Commit: $6,000
SD, FI
Order: 5923
Order Amount: $5,000
Credit Limit Exceeded
Block order
E-mail to credit rep. (opt.)
Blocked document list
or E-mail (opt.)
Review situation
Release order
Pick, pack & ship order
Bill Customer
Credit control (blocks) can be applied at order entry,
delivery creation or goods issue
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Static vs. Dynamic Checks
Open
order
Open
order
Open
order
Open
delivery value
Receivables
Static Check
Credit Limit
Open
order
Open
order
Open
order
Open
delivery value
Dynamic Check
Receivables
Credit Horizon
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Decentralized Credit Management
Credit Control Area 1
Company Code 1
Credit Control Area 2
Company Code 2
Sales Org.1
Sales Org.2
Health Express
Limit: $50,000
Health Express
Limit: $100,000
 Each company code sets and monitors a credit limit independently
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Centralized Credit Management
Credit Control Area 1
Company Code 1
Company Code 2
Sales Org.1
Sales Org.2
Health Express
Health Express
Limit: $150,000
 Transactions with each company code apply to the single credit limit set for the
single credit control area
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Exchange Rates
Credit Control Area 1
Currency: USD
Company Code 1
Currency: USD
Company Code 2
Currency: EU
Sales Org.1
Sales Org.2
Health Express
Health Express
Limit: $150,000
 Receivables for Company Code 2 are converted from Euros to US Dollars when
credit is checked
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Automatic Credit Control
 Determine points at which credit check is carried out (order creation, delivery
creation or goods issue)
 Determine type of check
 Based on:
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Credit control area
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Risk category

Document (credit group)
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Automatic Credit Control
Sales
organization
Company
Code
Customer
Transaction
Type
Credit
Control Area
Risk
Category
Credit group
As of release 4.0, Credit
control area can also be
Determined via:
user exits
payer
sales area
When Credit is Checked
Why Credit is Checked
What the system does (warning, error)
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