Retorika
Ayon kay Sebastian(2007), ito ay isang mahalagang kaalaman ng pagpapahayag na kung saan ay tinukoy
kung maganda o kaakit-akit ang pagsususlat at pagsasalita. Maaari rin itong tawagin bilang pagaaral o
kahusayan ng isang indibidwal sapagpili ng mga salitang gagamitin sa pagsulat o pagsasalita.
Saklaw ng retorika
 Lipunan
 pilosopiya
 wika
 iba pang larangan
 sining
Gampanin
 Nagbibigay daan sa komunikasyon
Ano man an gating naiisip, nadarama ay maari nating ipahayag sa pasalita o pasulat na mauunawan ng ibang
tao.
 Nagdidistrak
Dahil sa ating pakikining o pagbabasa ng mga akda tayo ay nadidistrak at nadadala sa ibang dimesyon na
kung saan nakakalimutan natin ang tunay na suliranin ng ating buhay.
 Nagpapalawak ng pananaw
Sa ating pakikinig o pagbasa maaaring may natututunan tayong bagong kaalaman na mahalaga. Gaya ng
nabanggit, ang retorika ay nagsusupling dahilan upang lumawak ang pananaw natin
 Nagbibigay ngalan,
Ang mga bagay sa paligid natin ay dumating ng walang leybel. Dahil sa retorika, halimbawa, ang kamera ay
nagging Kodak, ang toothpaste ay nagging colgate.
 Nagbigay-kapangyarihan
Dahil sa retorika, napakaraming tao ang nagging prominente at makapangyarihan. Isa sa mga mahuhusay na
na pulitiko o mananumpalati. Si Ninoy Aquino ay isang mahusay na peryodista noong Ikalawang pandigmaang
pandaigdig. Ang matatalinong ideya, malalalim na pananampalataya at idyolohiya na naipahayag sa
pamamagitan ng retorika ay pinagmulan din ng kapangyarihan at kalakasan
**Ito ay sining ng pakikipag-usap at pagsulat.
Ano ang ipinapahayag sa pakikipag-usap?
 Kapag nakikipag-usap nang harapan o kaya’y sa telepono, nagpapahayag tayo ng pasalita.
 Pagpapahayag upang ihayag ang damdamin at kaisipan
AFRICA OIL DRILLING
*Right now, the oil and gas industry is pressuring decision makers in Washington to open special areas of Alaska's Arctic to oil
and gas drilling. The Arctic: A place where oil rigs don't belong Alaska's Arctic is one of the world's last great, untouched
wildernesses -- a place where polar bears still roam and massive caribou herds thunder through the land. Yet, the powerful oil
and gas lobby is pressuring Congress and the Obama Administration to open sensitive parts of this pristine area to oil and gas
drilling. Oil and gas development would irreparably damage the wild character of the Arctic.
*Animals and people at risk!
The Arctic is a place where indigenous people engage in a subsistence way of life that goes back thousands of years, fishing
and hunting as their ancestors before them. Polar bears roam sea ice and salmon run up wild rivers during the short Arctic
summer. Hundreds of thousands of caribou migrate across vast landscapes filled with migratory birds from around the world.
Wolves and snowy owls still thrive. All of this is incompatible with oil and gas development.
Oil threats on land!!!
The oil and gas industry wants access to areas both on land (the Arctic Wildlife Refuge) and in the Arctic Ocean (the Chukchi
and Beaufort seas), even though oil and gas development would carve up the Arctic Refuge with roads and industrial
infrastructure, fragmenting otherwise pristine habitat and exposing the fragile tundra and wildlife to toxic chemicals and oil spills
–
*Oil
threats at sea
Currently, oil and gas companies, including Shell, are attempting to begin drilling operations in the Arctic Ocean. Offshore drilling
threatens the sensitive coasts of both the Arctic Refuge and the Western Arctic Reserve. With the oil and gas industry lacking
technology to safely operate or recover spilled oil in one of the harshest environments on Earth, these proposals are
dangerous. Despite what oil companies say, oil spills are part of drilling. In the Chukchi alone, the government has predicted a
40 percent chance of a significant oil spill.
The Chukchi and Beaufort seas are home to polar bears, several species of seals and whales, millions of birds and 90 percent
of the entire Pacific walrus population. An oil spill could devastate critical feeding grounds for these animals, and put them in
direct danger of exposure to oil through oil spills. Arctic ecosystems are less likely to recover from spills than those in more
temperate climates. Oil breaks down slower in cold weather, while shorter growth and reproduction seasons means that
negative impacts persist longer.
What we're doing?
In the Western Arctic, we recently won protection for 11 million acres of special habitat in the National Petroleum ReserveAlaska. This is a tremendous victory for the Arctic. In Northeast Alaska, we continue to oppose efforts in Congress to open the
Arctic Refuge to oil development, and we are working to influence national policy to ensure that the most sensitive areas of the
Refuge receives fuller wilderness protections. Offshore, we continue to urge the Administration to stop current leases that put
Arctic waters at risk.