• Teacher’s name: Haitam Hleihil
• Grade
: 9 “2”
• School : Segev shalom high school
• Subject : modals & semi-modals
Modals
and
Semi Modals
Here are some of the
modals & semi-modals
could
should
have to
may
might
must
can
Be able to
Use
• We use modals and semi-modals to add meaning to the
verb.
• We use can/could to add meaning of:
1) ability: I run fast
I can run fast
2) permission: you can invite your friend.
• Could is the past form of can :
I could run fast when I was young.
• We use must to talk about obligation :
I must go to school everyday.
• We use may to add meaning of :
1) possibility: it may rain later today.
2) permission: you may use my phone.
• We use might to add meaning of possibility:
we might go out later today.
• We use should to add meaning of suggestion:
you should study more
Modals
Form
Modals behave the same with all
of the pronouns:
I
You
We
They
He
She
It
can/could
may/might
should
must
1.
Modals are always followed by a verb in its
base form and come after the subject.
Rule: subject
modal
verb in base form
EXAMPLES:
He can speak English vs. He speaks English
You may go out .
She may take the book to school.
They should do their homework.
We must wake up early.
Negative form
2. We use "not“ after the modal to make
negative form.
EXAMPLES:
He should not be late.
They might not come to school.
I cannot eat any more cakes.
3. Many modal verbs cannot be used in the
past tenses or the future tenses.
EXAMPLES:
He will can go with us.
WRONG
She must studied very hard. WRONG
Semi modals
Semi-modals
• Many modals cannot be used in
all of the English tenses. That's
why we need to know their
meaning and the substitute for
these modal verbs.
Be able to
We use this semi-modal to express:
• ability
• Permission
use:
We use “be able to” in the past,
present and future tense.
present
am able to walk.
Negative: I am not able to walk.
Positive: I
Yes/no question: Are you able to
walk?
Wh-question: When are you able
to walk?
past
positive: I was able to run.
Negative: I was not able to run.
Yes/No question: Were you able to
run?
Wh-question: Why were you able to
run?
future
• Positive: I will be able to run fast.
• Negative: I will not be able to run
fast.
• Yes/no question: will you be able to
run?
• Wh-question: why will you be able to
run?
have to - has to
had to – will have to
= it is necessary
=shows obligation and giving advice.
have to/has to –in the present/near future
had to –in the past
will have to –in the future
Present
I
You
We
They
He
She
It
have to
don’t have to
has to
doesn’t have to
*Don’t have to/doesn’t have to: it’s not necessary
Forming questions
Yes/no questions:
To form yes/no question we put the helping verb “do”/”does”
in the beginning of the sentence :
For example:
1)you have to do your homework.
Do you have to do you homework?
she has to do her homework.
Does she have to do her homework?
• Wh question:
we add wh-word at the beginning of the yes/no question to for
wh-question.
For example: Do you have to do your homework?
why do you have to do your homework?
Does she have to do her homework?
Why does she have to do her homework?
past
I
You
We
They
He
She
It
had to
didn’t have to
Forming questions
Yes/no questions:
To form a yes/no question in the past tense we put the
helping verb “did” at the beginning of the sentence:
for example:
she had to do her homework.
Did she have to do her homework?
Wh-questions:
To form wh-question we add a wh-word at the beginning of
the yes/no question:
for example:
Did she have to do her homework?
why did she have to do her homework?
Future
I
You
We
They
He
She
It
will have to
will not have to
• Yes/no questions:
To form a yes/no question in the future tense we put the
word “will” at the beginning of the sentence:
for example:
she will have to do her homework.
will she have to do her homework?
• Wh-questions:
To form wh-question we add a wh-word at the beginning of
the yes/no question:
for example:
will she have to do her homework?
why will she have to do her homework?
Practice time
• http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/view
game.asp?id=1793