Classification of Life
Kingdoms and Domains
Why classify?
•To study the diversity of life,
biologists use a classification system
to name organisms and group them
in a logical manner.
Words to Remember:
Taxonomy is the branch of biology that organizes living things
based on shared characteristics and evolutionary history
A domain is the largest group into which life is organized.
There are 3 domains: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.
A prokaryote is an organism whose cells do not have a
nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.
Eukaryotes are organism with cells that have a nucleus
enclosed by a membrane.
Levels of Classification (Taxon/Taxa)
Kingdom
Continent
Phylum
Country
Class
State
Order
County
Family
City
Genus
Street
species
House #
KINGDOM Animalia
PHYLUM Chordata
CLASS Mammalia
ORDER Carnivora
FAMILY Ursidae
GENUS Ursus
SPECIES Ursus arctos
King
Phillip
Came
Over
For
Good
Spaghetti
Binomial Nomenclature
A two name naming system that was
developed by a Swedish scientist named
Carolus Linnaeus
Example: Tyranosaurous rex
The Genus name is
CAPITALIZED, followed by
the Species name in lower
case. Both names are
Underlined or put in Italics.
Examples of Scientific Names
Wolf: Canis lupus
Cat: Felis catus
CHicken: Gallus gallus
Human: Homo sapiens
Emperor penguin: Aptenodytes forsteri
Apple: Malus domestica
Sunflower: Helianthus annuus
Carrot: Daucus carota
Orange: Citrus sinensis
Examples of Scientific Names
Wolf: Canis lupus
Cat: Felis catus
CHicken: Gallus gallus
Human: Homo sapiens
Emperor penguin: Aptenodytes forsteri
Apple: Malus domestica
Sunflower: Helianthus annuus
Carrot: Daucus carota
Orange: Citrus sinensis
The 3-Domain System
Domain: is a more inclusive
category than any other – larger
than a kingdom.
The Three – Domain System
• Domain: is a more inclusive category than any other – larger than a
kingdom.
Three Domains:
• Eukarya: composed of protists, fungi, plants, and animals.
• Bacteria: corresponds to eubacteria
• Archaea: corresponds to the kingdom archaebacteria.
Domain Bacteria
• Unicellular and
prokaryotic.
• Thick rigid cell walls
that surround a cell
membrane.
• Cell walls contain a
substance known as
peptidoglycan.
Domain Archaea
•Unicellular and prokaryotic
members that live in some extreme
environments – volcanic hot springs,
brine pools, and black organic mud
totally devoid of oxygen.
•Cell walls lack peptidoglycan and cell
membranes contain unusual lipids.
Domain Eukarya
•Consists of all organisms that
have a nucleus.
•Organized in the following
kingdoms: Protists, animals,
plants, and fungi.
(this will take up pages 5 -6)
Go to page 459
and copy the
entire table.
Binomial Nomenclature
A two name naming system
that was developed by a
Swedish scientist named
Carolus Linnaeus
Pictures go in the bottom
Kingdom ARCHAEBACTERIA
Cell Type:_____________
Cell Structures:________________
Number of Cells:________________
Mode of Nutrition:____________________
Examples:_______________________
Kingdom EUBACTERIA
Cell Type:_____________
Cell Structures:________________
Number of Cells:________________
Mode of Nutrition:____________________
Examples:_______________________
The 6 Kingdoms
Page 7
Kingdom Eubacteria
= peptidoglycan present in cell walls
= lives almost anywhere
The 3 shapes of bacteria (p.473)
Cocci =
Bacilli =
Spirilla =
Page 8
Kingdom Archaebacteria
- No peptidoglycan
- Loves extreme environments (hot springs, brine pools, mud, etc)
Bacterial Growth and Reproduction (p475)
1.Binary Fission (Define & Draw for all 3)
2.Spore Formation
3.Conjugation
Page 9
Kingdom Fungi
Define these words:
1.Chitin (p527)
2.Saprobes (p537)
3.Lichens (p540)
4.Mycorrhizae (p541)
Draw 3 Fungi from p535
p10
Kingdom Protista
PLANT-LIKE PROTISTS
Protists = p497
ANIMAL-LIKE PROTISTS
Draw:
Zooflagellates (499)
Sarcodina (p500)
Ciliates (p501)
Radiolarian (p497)
Euglena (p507)
Diatoms (507)
Dinoflagellates (p508)
Red Algae (p510)
Brown Algae (p511)
Chlamydomonas (513)
List 3 Human uses of
algae: (p. 515)