Industrial Materials Recycling
Kimberly Cochran, PhD
US EPA Office of Solid Waste
AGC Building Division Meeting
January 26, 2008
Miami, Florida
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By Recycling Industrial Materials
By Recycling Industrial Materials
Building for the
Industrial Materials Recycling
Team
• Promotes the reduction, reuse, and
recycling of industrial materials
– Construction and demolition (C&D)
materials
– Coal combustion products (CCPs)
– Foundry sands
– Tires
– Slags
– Pulp and paper residuals
By Recycling Industrial Materials
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Why reuse/recycle these
materials?
• They
– Can substitute virgin materials AND save
energy, time, and money
– Perform as well or better than virgin
materials
• Capture valuable materials that would
otherwise be lost.
• Recycling/reusing can mean points for
green building certification.
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By Recycling Industrial Materials
C&D Materials Include …
By Recycling Industrial Materials
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Components of
C&D Waste
• Wood
– Engineered Wood
• Oriented Strand
Board (OSW)
• Plywood
• Blackboard
– Dimensional
Lumber
– Treated Wood
By Recycling Industrial Materials
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Wood
Markets:
• Boiler Fuel
• Mulch
• Engineered
boards
By Recycling Industrial Materials
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Portland
Cement
Concrete
Markets:
– Road Base
– Aggregate
By Recycling Industrial Materials
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Asphalt
Concrete
• Heavily
Recycled in
New Hot Mix
Asphalt
By Recycling Industrial Materials
Components of
C&D Materials
• Gypsum Drywall
• Markets:
– New Drywall
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– Portland Cement
Production
– Agriculture
– Construction
Material
By Recycling Industrial Materials
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Components of
C&D Materials
• Roofing Materials
– Asphalt Roofing
Shingles
– Asphalt Roofing
Felt
• Recycled into new
hot mix asphalt.
By Recycling Industrial Materials
Components of
C&D Materials
• Metals
– Ferrous
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– Nonferrous
• Aluminum
• Copper
By Recycling Industrial Materials
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Components of
C&D Materials
• Paper Products
• Cardboard
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By Recycling Industrial Materials
Reuse/Recycling Can Occur
Onsite and Offsite
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By Recycling Industrial Materials
Building for the
By Recycling Industrial Materials
Building for the
By Recycling Industrial Materials
Building for the
By Recycling Industrial Materials
Building for the
By Recycling Industrial Materials
Building for the
By Recycling Industrial Materials
By Recycling Industrial Materials
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Consigli’s Waste Management
Four Tier System
• Tier I: Direct Reuse and Recycling
• Tier II: Source Separated Materials
• Tier III: Mixed C&D to Offsite
Separation
• Tier IV: Mixed C&D to Landfills
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By Recycling Industrial Materials
By Recycling Industrial Materials
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State Programs & Regulations
• Massachusetts ban on disposal before
processing
• California requires 50% diversion from
landfills
• Various states have grants and
education programs
By Recycling Industrial Materials
Local Ordinances
• Disposal bans
– Ban of specific materials from being disposed
• Waste plan requirement
– Require all contractors to submit plans on how they
will reduce disposal when applying for a permit
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• Deposit system
– Fee required when applying for a permit that is
returned when recycling is proven
• Salvage period requirements
By Recycling Industrial Materials
Other Factors Influencing
Recycling
• Increases in fuel prices
• Green building initiatives
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• Efforts to reduce GHG emissions
• General difficulty to site landfills
By Recycling Industrial Materials
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Not Just C&D Materials …
Remember:
It is important to reuse/recycle the waste
your company generates, but
It is also important to use recyclable
materials from other industries in
construction design.
By Recycling Industrial Materials
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Other Industrial Materials
• Coal fly ash
• Fill
• Iron/steel slag
• Structural material
• Foundry sand
• Masonry material
• Many more…
By Recycling Industrial Materials
Industrial Materials Recycling
Team
• Measure – “What gets tracked gets managed”
• Explore barriers and how to overcome them
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• Increase awareness
• Recognize success
By Recycling Industrial Materials
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Measurement: C&D Materials
Preliminary 2003 draft numbers
Amount Generated
(million tons)
Recycling Rate
Buildings
160
40%
Road Surfaces
170
88%
Other sources
?
?
Total
?
?
• Will be measuring annually -- need a viable,
economically feasible source of data
• Currently looking at data states collect and publish
By Recycling Industrial Materials
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Exploring Barriers, Increasing
Awareness
• Construction Initiative
– Encouraging use of industrial materials in
building or highway construction projects
• Green Buildings, Highways, and
Sustainable Sites
– Helping develop criteria
– Promoting industrial materials recycling in
green structures/sites
– Promoting coordination between
transportation and environmental agencies
By Recycling Industrial Materials
ASTM C 595,"Standard
Specification for Blended
Hydraulic Cements.”
ASTM C 618, "Standard
Specification for Fly Ash and Raw
or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for
Use as a Mineral Admixture in
Portland Cement Concrete."
ASTM C 150, "Standard
Specification for Portland
Cement."
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ASTM C 311, "Standard Methods of
Sampling and Testing Fly Ash and
Natural Pozzolans for Use as a
Mineral Admixture in Portland
Cement Concrete."
AASHTO M 240, "Blended
Hydraulic Cements."
ASTM C 989, "Ground Granulated
Blast-Furnace Slag for Use in
Concrete Mortars.“
Cement
Specifications
Concrete Specifications
By Recycling Industrial Materials
Exploring Barriers, Increasing
Awareness
• Asphalt Shingle Recycling Forums
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• Foundry Sand Forum
• Beneficial Use Summit
By Recycling Industrial Materials
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EPA’s Innovative Grants
• 2005 Grant to CMRA for Tear-Off
Asphalt Shingles Recycling
– Update www.shinglerecycling.org website
– Recycling Asphalt Shingles: Best Practices
Guide
– Environmental Issues Associated with
Asphalt Shingle Recycling
By Recycling Industrial Materials
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Partners
• Associated General
Contractors of America
• Building Materials
Reuse Association
• Construction Materials
Recycling Association
• National Association of
Home Builders
• National Demolition
Association
• Association of State and
Territorial Solid Waste
Management Officials
• National Association of
Counties
• Foundry Sand
Recycling Starts Today
• American Coal Ash
Association
• Rubber Manufacturers
Association
• National Council for Air
and Stream
Improvement
• National Slag and Slag
Cement Association
By Recycling Industrial Materials
EPA’s Partnership with AGC
• White paper
– Demonstrate a support for reduction, reuse,
and recycling
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– Reuse and recycling should be performed
in a safe manner
By Recycling Industrial Materials
EPA’s Partnership with AGC
• Measurement tool for contractors
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How much did my
company
reused/recycled?
How much did my
company SAVE?
By Recycling Industrial Materials
EPA’s Partnership with AGC
• Recognition
– Case Studies
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– Others?
By Recycling Industrial Materials
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Things to Think About
• What obstacles have you encountered?
• What role does each participant play in
overcoming the obstacles to industrial
materials recycling?
– Contractors
– Manufacturers
– States
– EPA
By Recycling Industrial Materials
Things to Think About
• What tools and resources do contractors
need to
– Reuse/recycle materials
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– Use recycled materials
By Recycling Industrial Materials
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Case Studies
• Recycling/reusing C&D materials
• Using industrial materials
• Need:
– Amount and types of materials that were
reused/recycled
– Size of project
– Amount of money saved (if available)
– Obstacles encountered and how they were
overcome
By Recycling Industrial Materials
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Contact Information
Cochran.Kimberly@epa.gov
703-347-8950
www.epa.gov/industrialmaterials