Case Studies in Energy
Independence
2013 TAUD March 14, 2013
David Wrightsman, P.E.
Energy Systems Group
dwrightsman@energysystemsgroup.com
Agenda
•
•
•
•
•
So What?
WEF Roadmap
The Path
Examples
Wrap-up
2013 TAUD
Gatlinburg, TN
So What?
Why should I care about this?
Why should I do something different?
A. Economics
– Need to control rate increases
– Uncertain future electric prices
B. Communities need environmental leaders
– Demonstrate tangible examples
C. Move thinking from disposal to recovery
– Find other sources of revenue
– Challenge accepted thoughts
2013 TAUD
Gatlinburg, TN
WEF Roadmap
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Strategic Management
Organizational Culture
Communication and Outreach
Demand Side Management
Energy Generation
Innovating for the Future
Roadmap Webcast: http://www.wef.org/Conferences/page_webcasts_details.aspx?id=12884902061
http://www.wef.org/WorkArea/linkit.aspx?LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=12884902042&libID=12884902042
2013 TAUD
Gatlinburg, TN
The Roadmap
1 – Strategic
Management
2–
Organizational
Culture
6 – Innovating
for the Future
Levels
- Enabling
- Integrating
- Optimizing
3–
Communication
Outreach
5 – Energy
Generation
4 – Demand
Side
Management
2013 TAUD
Gatlinburg, TN
The Path
Energy sustainability is achieved through a combination of
advancements in technical and organizational aspects of a utility.
2013 TAUD
Gatlinburg, TN
The 3 C’s of Technology Adoption
Crazy
Cool
Conventional
2013 TAUD
Gatlinburg, TN
The Challenge of Optimization
What we want
What is efficient
What we have
2013 TAUD
Gatlinburg, TN
First Steps
1
A.
B.
C.
D.
Complete energy baseline
Do an energy audit
Develop list of energy conservation measures
Prioritize list
i. At the end of their useful life
ii. Inefficient as compared to current tech
iii. Expensive maintenance
E. Implement
2013 TAUD
Gatlinburg, TN
Benchmark
– Compare to
other similar
plants
– Look at:
• Kwh/mgd
• Kwh/pounds
of BOD
kWh / MG
• Benchmark
4,500
4,000
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
Lagoon
Trickling
Filter
Activated Oxidation
Sludge
Ditch
EPRI CEC Report CR-104300, July, 1994, Figure 3-1
Plan
Check
Do
2013 TAUD
Gatlinburg, TN
How to Prioritize
#2 - Complex,
fast payback
#4 - Complex,
Long payback
Get Help
Do last
Complexity
#1 - Simple, fast
payback
#3 - Simple, long
payback
Self Perform
Planned
replacement
Simple Payback
2013 TAUD
Gatlinburg, TN
Lo cost/No Cost
1
• Examples:
– Timers on light switches, blowers
– Why that dose of chemicals?
– Rate analysis, other fees
– Talk to your electric utility (transformers, multiple
meters)
– Measure, adjust - repeat
– Collaborate
Use fresh eyes.
2013 TAUD
Gatlinburg, TN
Demand Side Management
2
Funding for DSM Projects?
A. Utility rebates
A. (insert TVA details?)
B.
C.
D.
E.
Federal grant programs
Annual appropriations
Energy Savings Performance Contracts
Public Private Agreements (PPA)
2013 TAUD
Gatlinburg, TN
2
What is it?
• Performance contracting is
alternative procurement that offers
– Capital improvements without rate
increases
– Collaborative development
– Guaranteed results
2013 TAUD
Gatlinburg, TN
Who does what?
2
• One party providing all engineering and
construction including financing
• Intent is to improve infrastructure to improve
energy efficiency while reducing operating costs
• Guaranteed
o Savings, Performance, Price.
• Savings offset costs
o Energy & Operational
• Qualification Based Selection
2013 TAUD
Gatlinburg, TN
2
Tennessee Legislation
Energy Savings Performance Contracts
• Tennessee (no specific legislation)
§12-4-115. Energy-related services
§12-4-106 Contracts for Professional Services
• Treated as a professional service
• Use Request for Qualifications (RFQ)
2013 TAUD
Gatlinburg, TN
Performance Contract
2
RFQ
Project Scope
Development
(30% Design)
Design
60% –> 90%
Construction
Contract - ESCO
(Project Development)
Start
Up
Final Price
Contract - ESCO
(Energy Performance Contract)
2013 TAUD
Gatlinburg, TN
City of Winchester, Indiana
2
2 MGD Wastewater Plant
•
•
•
•
•
Fine bubble diffusers
Variable Speed PD Blowers
DO Control
$0.9M project
12 year payback
$640,000
$620,000
$600,000
$580,000
Guarantee
$560,000
Actual
$540,000
$520,000
After 6 Years
2013 TAUD
Gatlinburg, TN
2
Washington Suburban Sanitary District
Potomoc, MD
285 MGD Water Filtration Plant
• Rebuild (6) 50 MGD Raw water
pump
• Recondition (6) 2000 hp
motors
• Metering for 25 smaller pumps
• $6.3M Project
• 8 year payback
2013 TAUD
Gatlinburg, TN
2
Energy Baseline Study For Municipal Wastewater
Treatment Plants, September 2006 (Base Energy Inc)
Technology (99 plant sample size)
# of Plants
Percentage
60
61 %
Pumps
55
56 %
Blowers
12
12 %
Compressors
3
3%
Other
13
13 %
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Sensors
29
29 %
Advanced Instrumentation/ SCADA systems
47
47 %
High Efficiency Lighting
32
32 %
Solar Aerators or Mixers
4
4%
High Efficiency Blowers
13
13 %
Variable Intensity or UV Lamps
4
4%
Pipe Internal Friction Reducing Coating
9
9%
Screw Press for Sludge Dewatering
3
3%
Centrifuge for Sludge Dewatering
12
12 %
Other
11
11 %
Variable Frequency Drives (VFD)
VFD Applications
2013 TAUD
Gatlinburg, TN
Energy Generation
3
Energy Generation Decision Tree
Digester
Gas?
NO
Other Considerations:
• Regulatory
• Interconnection
• Utility Rates
• Co-digestion
• Site
Solar
Wind
Hydro
YES
Produce
Electricity
?
YES
Engine
Turbine
Fuel Cell
Sterling Engine
NO
Remove
CO2?
NO
Direct Burn
Boiler
YES
Pipeline Injection
Vehicle (CNG or LNG)
2013 TAUD
Gatlinburg, TN
Electrical Generation
3
• What is the relative cost of power?
0.3
0.25
$/kWh
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
Coal
Solar
Wind
CHP - Nat Gas
Biogas
2013 TAUD
Gatlinburg, TN
Frederick Winchester Sanitary Agency
3
Winchester, VA
20 MGD Wastewater
•
•
•
•
Anaerobic Digesters
Turbo Blowers
New Biosolids Dewatering
Co-digestion – Industrial
organic waste
$35 Million dollar project
biosolids
HSW
Digester
2013 TAUD
Gatlinburg, TN
3
New Primary
Switchgear
New digesters, receiving
stations, CHP Plant
New sludge
storage mixing
New Lighting,
HVAC, Controls &
Water Treatment
New aeration
& controls
New blowers
& Dewatering
New chemical
automation
Sludge storage
mixing
2013 TAUD
Gatlinburg, TN
3
Frederick Winchester Service Authority
Combined Heater & Power, Anaerobic Digesters
2013 TAUD
Gatlinburg, TN
Collaboration
3
Engineer
Administration
Vendors
Contractor
Operators
2013 TAUD
Gatlinburg, TN
Strategic Energy Master Plan
Supply
Utilization
Information
Alternatives
Utilities
Projects
Programs
Financing
Auditing
Grants
Modeling
Leases
Training
Project Financing
Outsourcing
ESPC
Gas
Electric
Asset
Modernization
Water/Sewer
Energy Projects
Staff training on
energy

Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Lighting Retrofit
Electric tariff
Change


Natural gas
open market

Change
primary voltage

Cogeneration

Solar Energy



-
Biolsolids
handling

SCADA utilization

System modeling
Process
optimization

Self funding
Capital project for
energy setup in rate


Outside
Engineering

Bond
Outside
Engineering

Energy Grant


2013 TAUD
Gatlinburg, TN
Other ideas
• Data
– Data gathering is labor intensive
– How to automate it?
• Modeling
– What if analysis
– Simple spreadsheets
• Operator Training
– Gap analysis
– Energy conservation
– Self-perform work
• Outsourcing
– When to get help?
2013 TAUD
Gatlinburg, TN
Wrap-up
• Economics
– Roadmap gives a step by step approach
– Change is hard but necessary
• Environmental leaders
– Collaborate
• Change thinking
– Start small and build up
2013 TAUD
Gatlinburg, TN
Reference Info
• Energy Information Agency (Eia.gov)
• WEF – Energy Conservation MOP
• National Association of Energy Service
Companies - NAESCO
2013 TAUD
Gatlinburg, TN
Questions?
David Wrightsman, P.E.
Energy Systems Group
dwrightsman@energysystemsgroup.com
317-849-2015
2013 TAUD
Gatlinburg, TN