A New Kind of War
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Both used weapons that were never used before.
U-Boat: submarines “underwater boats” that caused
extensive losses to allied ships.
• Germans deployed them to prevent munitions and food
from reaching Britain’s ports.
• Rose to surface to give warning, but Germans abandoned
this rule and stayed hidden.
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Germans: Introduced poison gas against enemy
New Weapons:
• Machine Guns
• Long-Range Artillery
• Airplanes: Enemy trade routes/Dogfights
• Tanks
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New Soldiers: Used to be professional/Now, Drafted
civilian.
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Propaganda: Select bits of information, both true and
false, to get people to back their country’s war effort.
• Newspapers and popular magazines
• Brutal and sub human while praising own countries.
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Germany went through neutral Belgium
Reached Marne River (Near Paris)
Germany’s quick victory thoughts end
Western Front: Stretched from Switz. to English Channel
and the North Sea
Eastern Front: Russia mobilized troops
• Launched attack from East-Prussia from east and south
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Battle of Tannenberg
• Russia lost half of its force, 90,000 prisoners
• Germans loss only 15,000
• Launch an offensive moving into Russian Poland
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Russia lacked guns and ammunition/A lot of soldiers
Great Britain/France: Try to capture Constantinople to
remove Ottoman Empire from the war.
• Get needed supplies to Russia
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Fight was eventually brought to stalemate
Hundreds and thousands of lives lost.
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British: blockade North Sea (merchant ships to
Germany-raw materials cut off).
Germany set up blockade U-Boat attacks
Lusitania-128 Americans
President Wilson-gave warning
• Germany: cut back on submarine attacks
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Battle of Jutland: Off coast of North Sea
• Both Germany and Britain claimed victory
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War in west became substantial stalemate
War of Attrition: slow wearing-down process in which
each side was trying to outlast the other.
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Supplied food, raw material, and munitions to both sides.
Contraband: war materials supplied by neutral nation to
belligerent one can be seized
• As German blockade tightened, United States traded
more with Allies.
British atrocities: brutal acts against defenseless civilians.
Angered Americans
Zimmerman Note: telegram sent to German ambassador in
Mexico:
• Mexico declare war on United States and Germany would
give Mexico back Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas.
• British intercepted it and decoded it.
Unrestricted Submarine warfare continued from Germany
Overthrow of the czar of Russia (Move toward Democracy)
United States declared war on Germany