Classification of Organisms
I.
A.
Classification
Arrangement in classes or groups
to improve communication
between scientists.
B. Four factors used to classify
1. They have similar structures
2. They have similar behaviors
3. They eat the same kinds of things
4. They have the same chemical make up.
II. Five Kingdoms of Living
Things
 A.
Moneran Kingdom
1. Simple single celled
Example: Bacteria
2. Helpful types
a. Decomposers
b. Yogurt
3. Harmful types
a. Pathogens – cause disease
b Strepthroat
II. Five Kingdoms cont
.
B. The Protist Kingdom
1. Complex , single celled organism
a. Euglenas- make their own food
b. Protozoans – depend on getting food from
other sources.
c. Examples of common
protists are as follows
Trypanosoma use flagellum to move
Peramecium have hair like structures called cil
Here is an Ameba with its pseudopods
II.
Five Kingdoms cont.
C. The Fungi Kingdom
1. Many celled organisms
2. Depend on others for
food
a. Sprophytes- eat dead things
b. Parasites – attack living tissues
3. Examples of
a. Yeasts
b. Mushrooms
A picture of Bread Mold
And here is a Mushroom
II.
Five Kingdoms cont
.
»D. The
Plant
Kingdom
1. Many celled organism

2.
They make their own food.
–a. Process called photosynthesis
–b. Examples:
–Trees, flowers, and grass
E. The Animal Kingdom
The Animal Kingdom cont.
1. Many Celled Organisms
2. Consume other Organisms for food
3. The Subdivision of this Kingdom
a. Naming Organisms
b. Common names – house cat
c. Scientific Names – Felis catus
Genus Species

4. How Kingdoms are subdivided
Let’s look at how we would scientifically name the
Columbine.
a.
Phylum Tracheophyta
b.
Class
Angiospermae
c.
Order Dicotyledon
d.
Family Ranunculaceae
e.
Genus Aquilegia
f.
Species cearulea
1. Phylum:
Porifera – The Sponges
a. Sessile (permanently attached
as adults.)
b. Pores
c. Two cell layers
d. Both marine and fresh water
e. Respiration- Oxygen absorbed by
inner cells.
f. Digestion- Food absorbed by inner
cell layer.
g. Circulation1. Flagellum create a water
current.
2. No Blood
2.Phylum: Coelenterata
Jellyfish and Coral
a. They have tentacles.
b. They have stinging cells.
c. Some are sessile/ some free-living
2. Phylum: Coelenterata cont.
Jellyfish and Coral cont.
d. Respiration – Oxygen absorbed by inner cell layer
e. Digestion –
1. Food absorbed by inner cell wall
2. Single opening mouth
f. Circulation – water current distributes
gas/food
3. Phylum: Platyhelminthes –
The Flatworms
a.
Parasites live off host
b. They can regenerate if
broken.
c.Respiration – Oxygen absorbed through the skin
d. Digestion -
1. Nutrients absorbed into the skin
2. Single opening mouth
e. Circulation – Nutrients/ gas circulated by host
4. Phylum Nematoda - Roundworms
a. Many are parasites / some free - living
b. Respiration – Oxygen absorbed through the skin
d. Digestion
1. Nutrients absorbed by inner
cell layer.
2. Complete system
( Two Openings)
D. Circulation - Food / gas absorbed through cells
5. Phylum Annelida The Segmented Worm
a. Segmented body
b. Respiration – Gas exchange through the
skin.
c. Digestion –
1. Specialized organs
2. Complete System
3. Nutrients absorbed through inner
cell layer.
5.
Phylum Annelida - The Segmented Worm cont
d. Circulation – Pairs of “hearts” circulate blood
e. Example : Earthworm - Nightcrawlers
6. Phylum: Mollusca – The Mollusks
a. Mostly Shell-builders
b. Mantle – Fleshy covering
that secretes the shell.
c. Well developed sense organs
6. Phylum: Mollusca – The Mollusks
d. Respiration – Gills for gas exchange
e. Digestion – complete with specialized organs.
f. Circulation – hearts for pumping blood.
g. Mostly aquatic
h. Examples
Octopus ,squid,
Snails and clams
7. Phylum - Arthropoda
7. Phylum Arthropods
a. Exoskeleton (outside)
b. Jointed legs
c. Segmented body
d. Circulation – open, hearts for pumps
e. Respiration 1. Vents and spiracles ( land arthropods)
2. Gills (aquatic arthropods)
f. Digestion – complete with specialized organs
g. Five classes of arthropods
g. Arthropods five classes cont.
1. Class Crustacea ( crabs, lobsters)
a. Mostly marine (salt water)
b. Cephalothorax and abdomen
(two body regions)
c. Five pair of legs
g. Arthropods five classes cont.
2. Class Arachnida (spiders, ticks, mites)
a. Many are poisonous
b. Two body regions
c. Four pairs of legs
g. Arthropods five classes cont
3. Class Insecta ( grasshoppers, bees)
a. Many fly
b. Three body regions
c. Three pairs of legs
g. Arthropods five classes cont
4. Class Chilopoda ( centipedes)
a. Many segments
b. One pair of legs per segment
c. Poisonous
g. Arthropods five classes cont
5. Class Diplopoda ( millipedes)
a. Many segments
b. Two pairs of legs per segment
c. Not poisonous
8.Phylum: Echinodermata
starfish
A. Spiny skin
B. Radial design
C. Examples: sea stars
9.Phylum Chordata
( vertebrates with spinal cords)
A. Circulatory system
1. Closed (veins and arteries)
2. Multi chambered heart
B. Digestive System –
Complete system with specialized organs
C. Respiratory System
1. Lungs on land
2. Gills in most cases in water
Let’s take a look at 7 classes of vertebrates
Phylum: Chordata cont.
1.
Class: Cyclostomata
a. Cold blooded
b. Cartilage skeleton
c. No true Jaws
d. Example: The lamprey
Phylum: Chordata cont
2.
Class: Chondrichthyes
a. Cold blooded
b. Sharp teeth
c. Cartilage skeleton
d. Example: sharks, rays, skates
Phylum: Chordata cont
3.
Class: Osteichthyes
1. Cold blooded
2. Bone skeleton
3. Two chambered heart
4. Scales
5. Example: perch, bass
Phylum: Chordata cont
4. Class: amphibia
a. Live in water and on land
b. Smooth moist skin ( exceptions: toads)
c. Cold blooded
d. Breathe through gills as babies
4. Class: amphibia cont.
e. Breathe through lungs and skin as adults
f. Lay eggs in water
g. Three chambered heart
h. Metamorphisms (tadple to frog)
i. Examples newts, salamanders, frogs and toads
Phylum: Chordata
5. Class:
Reptilia
a. Cold blooded
b. scales
c. Lay eggs on land
Phylum: Chordata
5. Class:
Reptilia cont.
d. Incomplete four chambered heart
e. Breath with lungs from birth
f. Example: snakes, lizards, turtles
Phylum: Chordata
6. Class:
Aves The birds
a. Warm blooded
b. Complete four chambered heart
c. Streamlined (aerodynamic) body
d. Feathers
Phylum: Chordata
6. Class:
Aves The birds cont.
e. Lay eggs on land
f. Light weight skeleton
g. Examples: Eagles, Seagulls, Turkeys
Phylum: Chordata
7. Class: Mammalia
a. Warm blooded
b. Hair
c. Live birth (placentals)
Placenta- nourishes baby while developing in mom
Phylum: Chordata
7. Class: Mammalia cont.
d. Mammary glands
- produce milk
- nurse young
e. Two pairs of limbs
f. High functioning brain and sense organs