Chapter 14
Notes
Ms. Susan M. Pojer
Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
1. T he Second Great Awakening –
series of religious revivals that swept over the US
during the early to mid 1800’s
“Spiritual Reform From Within”
[Religious Revivalism]
Social Reforms & Redefining the
Ideal of Equality
Temperance
Education
Abolitionism
Asylum &
Penal Reform
Women’s
Rights
Second Great Awakening
Revival Meeting
Transcendentalism
(European Romanticism)
e Stress the relationship between
humans and nature and the
importance of individual
conscience.
e “Transcend” the limits of intellect
and allow the emotions, the
SOUL, to create an original
relationship with the Universe.
Transcendentalist Intellectuals/Writers
writer that stressed the relationship between
humans and nature, spiritual over material
things, and the importance of an individual
conscience
Ralph Waldo
Emerson
Nature
(1832)
Self-Reliance
(1841)
Henry David
Thoreau
Walden
(1854)
Resistance to Civil
Disobedience
(1849)
“The American
Scholar” (1837)
R3-1/3/4/5
T he Transcendentalist A genda
Give freedom to the slave.
Give well-being to the poor and the
miserable.
Give learning to the ignorant.
Give health to the sick.
Give peace and justice to society.
Utopian Communities – communities
based on being the perfect society
Prison Reform and improved
treatment for the mentally ill
Dorothea Dix
(1802-1887)
1821 first
penitentiary founded
in Auburn, NY
R1-5/7
Dorothea Dix Asylum - 1849
5.Temperance Movement – the movement to
stop the manufacture and drinking of alcohol.
1826 - American Temperance Society
“Demon Rum”!
Frances Willard
R1-6
The Beecher Family
Annual Consumption of Alcohol
„T he DrunkardÊs Progress‰
From the first glass to the grave, 1846
Educational Reform
e MA
e By
always on the forefront of public
educational reform
* 1st state to establish tax support for
local public schools.
1860 every state offered free public
education to whites.
* US had one of the highest literacy rates.
Early 19c Women
1. Unable to vote.
2. Legal status of a minor.
3. Single could own her own
property.
4. Married no control over her
property or her children.
5. Could not initiate divorce.
6. Couldn’t make wills, sign a
contract, or bring suit in court
without her husband’s permission.
W hat It Would Be Like If
Ladies Had T heir Own Way!
R2-8
Cult of Domesticity = Slavery
The 2nd Great Awakening inspired women
to improve society.
Lucy Stone
Angelina Grimké
Sarah Grimké
e Southern Abolitionists
R2-9
e American Women’s
Suffrage Assoc.
e edited Woman’s Journal
R2-6/7
WomenÊs Rights
1840 split in the abolitionist movement
over women’s role in it.
Lucretia Mott
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
1848 Seneca Falls Convention
- Declaration of Sentiments
-1st women’s rights convention
- Most controversial issue – suffrage/voting
Abolitionist Movement –
movement to free the slaves
e 1816 American Colonization Society
was created (wanted gradual,
voluntary emancipation.
Abolitionist Movement
e Create a free slave state in Liberia, West
Africa.
e No real anti-slavery sentiment in the North
in the 1820s & 1830s.
Gradualists
Immediatists
Anti-Slavery Alphabet
W illiam Lloyd Garrison
(1801-1879)
e Slavery & Masonry
undermined republican
values.
e Immediate emancipation
with NO compensation.
e Slavery was a moral, not
an economic issue.
R2-4
Harriet Beecher Stowe
• Uncle Tom’s Cabin – Anti slavery
novel about the cruelty of slavery
T he Liberator
Premiere issue January 1, 1831
R2-5
Black Abolitionists
David Walker
(1785-1830)
Fight for freedom rather than
wait to be set free by whites.
Frederick Douglass (1817-1895)
-African American abolitionist, speaker and
writer who escaped from slavery.
1845 The Narrative of the Life
Of Frederick Douglass
R2-12
1847 “The North Star”
Sojourner Truth (1787-1883)
or Isabella Baumfree
1850 The Narrative of Sojourner Truth
- Made speeches about her life as a slave
R2-10
Harriet Tubman
(1820-1913)
e Most famous
“conductor” on the
Underground Railroad.
e Helped over 300 slaves
to freedom.
e $40,000 bounty on her
head.
e Served as a Union spy
during the Civil War.
“Moses”
Leading Escaping Slaves Along
the Underground Railroad
T he Underground Railroad
-a series of escape routes for slaves from the South.
- It was not underground and it was not a railroad.
T he Underground Railroad
e “Conductor” ==== leader of the escape
e “Passengers” ==== escaping slaves
e “Tracks” ==== routes
e “Trains” ==== farm wagons transporting
the escaping slaves
e “Depots” ==== safe houses to rest/sleep