World War II
• Political and Economic Struggles in Europe:
1. Devastation of World War I
2. Communist Revolution in Russia
3. Problems of Paris Peace Conference
4. Great Depression
• Economic Crisis showed failure ideals of democracy.
• People received no help from government
• People turned to strong leaders who provided
limited civil liberties for help.
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Karl Marx
Command Economy
Socialism
Communism
February 1917 Russian Revolution
• Overthrew Czar Nicholas II
• Bolshevik Revolution
• Vladimir Lenin
• Lenin’s Slogan: “Peace, Bread and Land”
• Pull Russia out of the war with the central powers
• Ample food and land for the people of Russia
• Treaty of Brest-Litovsk – Peace with Germany
• Lenin had strict control of government and people.
• New Economic Policy
• Mixed Economy
• Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
1. World Powers wanted Germany to suffer for World
War I
2. Germany signed an Armistice hoping for a
favorable peace agreement.
3. Germany set up a democratic government.
4. Germany was excluded from League of Nations
5. Powers forced Germany to accept the Treaty of
Versailles
6. Debilitated Germany’s military
7. Made Germany pay War Reparations
8. Made Germany admit sole responsibility for World
• World War I crushed the economies of the European nations.
• Large debts
• Losing countries struggled to pay reparations and the victorious nations
counted on that payment to repay the United States.
• Soldiers could not find jobs after the war.
• October 29th, 1929 New York Stock Market crashed.
• Great Depression
• United States passed the Smoot-Hawley Tariff
• Mass unemployment
• Poverty
• Despair
• Unstable economy and societies, people lost
confidence in their elected leaders.
• People turned to political movements
• Nationalism grew the most in the poorest
countries.
• Each country pushed for their own interest
• Totalitarian government
•Dictatorship
• Benito Mussolini
• Fascism
• Fascist Party
• Constitutional Monarchy
• Expansionism
• Francisco Franco
• Glorification of the State
• Xenophobia and Racism
• Pogroms
• 1925 Japan allowed a switch from
nobility and military to democratic ideals
• Emperor Hirohito
• Showa
• Japanese army invaded Manchuria
• Japanese military established control
• Armed gangs of fascists and communists
• NAZIS
• Fuhrer – Adolf Hitler
• Aryan Race
• Genocide
• Anti-Sematic
• War Reparations
• Scapegoating
• Gestapo
• Joseph Stalin (1930)
•Brutal violence
•Had all opposition to Communism put to
death. 1.5 to 7 million.
Communism
Fascism
Goal
Goal
Marx wanted factory workers to revolt.
Workers to control production.
Wanted to eliminate religion.
Strong centralized government.
Mussolini and Hitler felt they were heirs to
great empires.
National dominance by strong central
government and strict control over their
people.
Ignored peoples rights.
Practice
Stalin eliminated private enterprise.
Established strict government control on
economy.
One Party Rule – Strong inner circle.
Spread Communism
Practice
Mussolini held strict control over society
Aligned himself with big business
Hitler aligned himself with big business
Hitler used torture and murder to place entire
country under Nazi rule.
Result
Increased industrial production
Agriculture failed
Uniform control over society
Eliminated Church influence
Strong Military
No Civil Liberties
Result
Mussolini went economic decline, rich kept
wealth and worker’s suffered.
Hitler pulled Germany out of the depression.
Eliminating unemployment
Developed strong military
National Pride
United Protestant Churches
• 63 Nations signed the Paris Peace Pact (Kellogg-Briand Pact)
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Except Russia
Promised to use negotiations rather than war to solve problems.
Except for self defense.
Germany Italy and Japan ignored the pact
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Invaded Manchuria
Withdrew from the League of Nations
China signed a treaty with Japan ceding Manchuria
Japan seized all major cities along the coast
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Invaded Ethiopia
Joined forces with Germany
Joined the Rome/Berlin/Tokyo Axis (Axis Powers)
Allied Powers (Britain and France)
Italy invaded Albania
• Hitler moved troops into the Rhineland
• Annexed Austria
• Annexed part of Czechoslovakia (Sudetenland) through
Appeasement at the Munich conference.
• Hitler agreed to a non aggression pact with Russia.
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Hitler took the rest of Czechoslovakia
Invaded Poland
Hitler used Blitzkrieg method
1939 France and Britain declared war on Germany
• Strong Isolationists
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Sad memories of World War I
Unpaid war debts from European countries
Afraid of another depression
Believed arms manufacturers and Wall Street pushed United States into
World War I
• Neutrality Acts
• Passed the Ludlow Amendment
• United States used a “cash and carry” policy
• Germany invaded
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Denmark and Norway
Belgium and Holland
France
Winston Churchill new Prime Minister in Britain
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Battle of Britain
RAF
Radar
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Peace time Draft
Franklin Roosevelt elected to 3rd term (4)
Continued to aid Great Britain
Selective Training and Service Act
• Only excused by religious training and beliefs
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Conscientious Objectors
Neutrality Policy hurt rather than helped
Lend Lease Act
Atlantic Charter
Soviet Union used the Scorched Earth Policy
• French Resistance
• Communists and Non Communist
• Charles de Gaulle
• Forces of France
• United States cut off