MODULOS 1 2 3 STUDENTS GUIDE
MODULO 1 EKT UFPS Students’ guide july 2010
ENGLISH COURSE TO HELP STUDENTS WHO WILL PRESENT
THE EKT-U.F.P.S. (ENGLISH KNOWLEDGES TEST AT THE U.F.P.S.)
C. A.: ruling 200 06/11/2007; C. A. : agreement 11/05/2010
Dear student:
Joven estudiante:
Res. 200/06/2007 issued by C.A. stated that in order
to get a degree one of the requirements is to pass a
proficiency test in English (or other language). This is
been done by now only on Written Competences:
grammatical, textual, textual coherence and reading
comprehension.
On the other hand C.D. stated the vocational courses
for preparing for the test on proficiency in English.
Fir that reason, the language area has organized a
course of 60 class-hours plus virtual ones and the
student’s work.
This course is designed for preparing in vocabulary,
grammar usage and reading comprehension.
It’s divided in three sections: part 1, part 2 and part 3.
These guide the learning or feed back on pronouns,
determinants, use of there+be, tenses, passive voice,
questions and answers, use of special verbs, parts of
the sentence, conditionals, phrasal verbs (idioms).
At the end of it, it is annexed a series of vocabularies
and common expressions in English.
El C.A. por resolución 200/06/2007 ordenó que para
poderse graduar uno de los requisitos exigidos es
pasar una prueba de suficiencia en inglés (otro
idioma). Esta se hace en el momento para
Competencias por escrito: grammatical, textual,
coherencia textual and comprension de lectura.
Igualmente el C. D. ordenó la realización de cursos
vacacionales de preparación para la prueba de
suficiencia en inglés.
Por tal razón se ha organizado en el area de idiomas la
realización de un curso de 60 horas presenciales más
horas virtuales y de trabajo del estudiante.
Este curso está diseñado para prepararse en
vocabulario, uso gramatical y comprensión lectora.
Dividido en tres secciones: parte 1, parte 2 y parte 3.
Estas orientan el aprendizaje o refuerzo de
pronombres, determinantes, uso de there+be, tiempos,
voz pasiva, preguntas y respuestas, usos de ciertos
verbos especiales, palabras parte de la oración,
condicionales, verbos modales (modismos).
En a parte final se anexa una serie de vocabularios y
expresiones comunes del inglés.
Hay dos ayudas más, un módulo de modelos de
preguntas tipo ICFES/ECAES y un módulo adicional
del lingüista Sheraton en el cual se pueden hacer
consultas y ampliación de conocimientos.
Consulte en el blog:
www.bepenglishworks.Wordpress.com
Este módulo esta desarrollado en cuadros y varios de
estos tienen la traducción al castellano para mayor
ayuda y comprensión.
Es importante recordar que usted aprende lo que
realmente quiere aprender y que tiene que trabajar
duro para lograrlo.
Su profesor es un orientador, una ayuda y un
consultor.
La evaluación del aprendizaje se realizará como de
costumbre: primer previo, segundo previo, tercer
previo y examen final.
There arre two more helps, a module of examples of
questions and answers on ICFES/ECAES tests, and,
adtional module from Mr. Sheraton in which you can
look up and widen your knowledges.
You can find it in a blog:
www.bepenglishworks.Wordpress.com
This module is written in tables and some of them
have the translation into Spanish for better help and
comprehension.
It is important to remember that you learn what you
really want to learn and that you have to work hard to
do it.
Your teacher is a leader, collaborator and consultant.
The evaluation of the learning will be performed as
usual: first previous, second previous, third previous
and final test.
N°
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
CONTENTS
Information about the course
Placement test
PRONOUNS & DETERMINANTS
THERE +BE
INTRODUCTION TO TENSES (SHORT FORMS)
GOING TO
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
PAST CONTINUOUS
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS & REGULAR VERBS
1ST PREVIOUS
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
PAST PERFECT TENSE
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
PASSIVE VOICE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS USE OF WH WORDS
BE AND HAVE
2ND PREVIOUS
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
ADJECTIVES
ADVERBS
CONJUNCTIONS & OTHER FUNCTION WORDS
PREPOSITIONS
DO/MAKE
MODAL VERBS
CONDITIONAL
PHRASAL VERBS (IDIOMS)
VOCABULARIES & COMMON EXPRESIONS
FINAL TEST
Percentage
Grading
Units
THIRD PREVIOUS
1ST
PREVIOUS
23,3%
1,15
1-9
Units 1-31
2ND
PREVIOUS
23,3%
1,15
10-16
THIRD
PREVIOUS
23,4%
1,20
17-25
HS/C ∑/H
1
1
2
3
6
3
8
2
10
2
12
2
14
2
16
2
18
2
20
2
22
2
24
2
25
1
27
2
28
1
29
1
31
2
4
35
1
36
2
38
2
40
1
41
2
43
3
46
1
47
2
49
2
51
3
54
3
58
2
60
Page
3
4
5
7
7
8
9
9
10
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
13
14
14
14
15
16
22
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
23
24
27
30
32
33
35
36
38
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
FINAL
TEST
30%
1,50
1-25
AVERAGE
100%
5,00
Participation, classworks, homeworks, short tests, etc.
ENGLISH COURSE TO HELP STUDENTS WHO WILL PRESENT THE
EKT-U.F.P.S. - (ENGLISH KNOWLEDGES TEST AT THE U.F.P.S.)
Council of Acad. ruling 200/6/11/07;Council of Adm.: agreement 11/5/10
N°
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
FIRST PART - CONTENTS
Information about the course
Placement test
PRONOUNS & DETERMINANTS
THERE +BE
INTRODUCTION TO TENSES
GOING TO
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
PAST CONTINUOUS
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBOS
1ST PREVIOUS
1
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
PRONOUNS & DETERMINANTS
me
you
him
her
it
us
you
them
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
yours
theis
everybody
everyone
everything
nobody
no one
nothing
HS/C ∑/H
1
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
3
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
3
6
somebody
someone
something
anybody
anyone
anything
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
who
which
that
whom
whose
1B. (TEXTS) USING PRONOUNS AND DETERMINANTS
I like to write novels for my students. They read them with enthusiasm. Mary is a good writer too.
She likes to read poems. She sent me a poem about the flowers of her garden. She said: “These
novels are yours but these poems are mine. Every student should do his/her own tasks. So he
himself will learn a lot or she herself will have success.
When a girl found a small calculator she started asking “was it lost by you, or by her, or by us, or by
them” Somebody, a boy replied that it must be his, or hers, or yours, or ours or theirs.
The homeworks were well written by the students but the teacher began to doubt about it so he
questioned every one with these words: -Did you do it yourself? -Yes, I did it myself. –Did Peter
do it himself -No he didn’t do it himself, somebody did it for him. Did Lucy did it herself? Yes, she did it by herself, even her mother helped her a little.
Did you know that everybody here has a motorcycle but nobody has a bus. Somebody said that it
was possible to get something for the lunch but no one had a single dollar. Anthony asked if
anybody had anything to be sold, but there was nothing. Mary asked: -Did you see anybody at
the restaurant? -No, I didn’t see anybody there, answered John. I saw somebody near the door
replied Lou
Who is that tall boy over there? -Which one, the one whose shirt is blue? Yes, please tell him to
come here. Excuse me whom did you say to come here?
Do you see the man with a blue shirt that is holding a vase? That one is the one I need to talk too,
please ask him to come here.
2
THERE +BE
There is (singular)
There are (plural)
There was (s)
There were (p)
There has been (s)
There have been (p)
There had been
There will be
There is going to be (s)
There are going to be (p)
There was going to be (s)
There were going to be (p)
Hay
Hay
Hubo, había
Hubo, había
Ha habido
Ha habido
Había habido
Habrá
Va a haber
Va a haber
Iba a haber
Iba a haber
2
8
OK
There is a house
There are two houses
There was a party last night
There were many people
There has been a hurricane
There have been two hurricanes
There had been many problems
There will be a party tonight
There is going to be a celebration
There are going to be many guests
There was going to be a party yesterday
There were going to be many guests
2B. THERE BE (TEXTS) USING THE EXPRESSION THERE + BE
There is a house near the hospital, but there isn’t any near the Red Cross. There are two small
orange trees in the middle of the yard and for that there wasn’t the party for new students. There
were many people waiting to know where the party was going to be. Somebody said that there has
been a storm and therefore everybody should go back home. The police said that there have been
two storms lately and because of that the security of the people was first. For that decision there had
been many problems with young people who wished to dance rock and roll. The organizers informed
that there will be a party next Saturday because there was going to be the city celebration of
hundreds of years. The major also communicated that there were going to be many guests.
3
INTRODUCTION TO TENSES
Tense
Present continuous
Presente progresivo
Simple past tense
Presente simple
Past continuous
Pasado progresivo
Simple past tense
Pasado simple
Future continuous
Futuro progresivo
Simple future tense
Futuro simple
Near future
Futuro próximo
Present perfect continuous
Presente perfect progresivo
Present perfect
Presente perfecto
Past perfect continuous
Pasado perfecto progresivo
Past perfect
Pasado perfecto
Future perfect progressive
Futuro perfecto progresivo
Future perfect
Futuro perfecto
Example
2
Translation
10
OK
Explanation
Are you drinking tea?
Está tomando té?
Esta ocurriendo
Do you drink tea?
Tomas té?
Costumbre
Were you drinking tea?
Se estuvo haciendo
Did you drink tea?
Estabas tomando
té?
Tomaste té?
Will you be drinking tea?
Estarás tomando té
Lo que se planea hacer
Will you drink tea?
Tomarás té
Deseo, predicción, futuro
Are you going to drink tea?
Vas a tomar té?
Lo que se planea hacer
Have you been drinking
tea?
Have you drunk tea?
Has estado
tomando té?
Has tomado té
Ocurrió y ocurre
Had you been drinking tea?
Ocurrió
Had you drunk tea?
Habías estado
tomando té?
Habías tomado té?
Will you have been
drinking tea?
Will you have drunk tea?
Habrás estado
tomando té?
Habrás tomado té?
Predicción o futuro
Actividad realizada
Ocurrió, ocurre aún
Ocurría cuando …
Predicción por futuro
3B SHORT FORMS (& TAG QUESTIONS)
01
You can work here, can’t you?
Yes, I can. (No, I can´t).
02
03
You couldn´t play everywhere, could you?
(Yes, I could). No, I couldn’t.
He may type it, may he not?
Yes, he may. (No, he may not)
04
05
She might not watch it, might she?
(Yes, she might). No, she might not.
We shall laugh, shan’t we?
Yes, we shall. ( No, we shan’t)
They shouldn’t play, should they?
(Yes, they should). No, they shouldn´t
06
He will learn English, won’t he?
Yes, he will. (No, he won’t).
07
John wouldn’t mow the lawn, would he?
(Yes, he would). No, he wouldn’t)
08
Mary closes the door, doesn’t she?
Yes, she does. (No, she doesn’t)
09
Doctors earn a lot of money, don’t they?
Yes, they do. (No, they don’t)
10
They didn’t visit it, did they?
(Yes, they did). No they didn’t.
11
We must begin to do it, musn’t we?
Yes, we do. (No, we musn´t)
12
You dare say it, don’t you?
Yes, I do. (No I don’t).
13
She is catching the ball, isn’t she?
So is he. (He is too)
14
15
The dog is digging in the yard.
So is Kaiser. (Kaiser is too)
16
They are wearing old clothes.
So are we. (We are too)
17
It was falling down
So was the pencil. (The pencil was too)
18
They were cutting the best woods
So were we. (We were too)
19
He drinks cheap beer.
So does Pete. (Pete does too)
20
I drive the biggest truck
So do they. (They do too)
21
They ate sea food
So did we. (We did too)
4
GOING TO (IMMEDIATE FUTURE)
I am going to travel to Paris.
I am going to visit my grandmother.
She is going to make a cake for me.
They are not going to remember that
We are not going to go anywhere.
Who is going to come today?
Are you going to buy a new car?
Are they going to help you?
What are you going to bring?
When is she going to arrive?
2
12
7
(Voy a viajar a París)
(Voy a visitar a mi abuela)
(Ella va a hacer una torta para mi)
. (Ellos no se van a acordar de eso)
(Nosotros no vamos a ir a ninguna parte)
(¿Quién va a venir hoy?)
(¿Vas comprar un nuevo auto?)
(¿Ellos te van a ayudar?)
(¿Qué vas a traer?)
(¿Cuándo va a llegar ella?)
OK
4B. (TEXTS) USING GOING TO
I am going to travel to Paris next year. I am going to visit my grandmother who lives in that
beautiful city. As soon as I get there I know she is going to make a cake for me. She is going to
make an apple cake which is my preferred cake. My sisters and parents are not going to
remember that I used to ride on horseback on weekends but as they are not going to go to the
hippodrome, we will be going anywhere else as a Museum of fine arts. My mother always like to
ask “Who is going to walk today?” or “What are you going to buy at the Mall?” -“Daddy are
you going to buy that new Renault Logan at the Car Center?” -Yes, will say my Daddy, -“But
are all of you going to help me choose the color?” I don’t know what I am going to bring back
to Colombia by July. Anyhow we are going to arrive at Paris airport in January and we are
going to come back in July or August.
5
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
2
14
7
OK
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
I drink
You drink
He drinks
She drinks
It drinks
We drink
You drink
They drink
I don't drink
You don't drink
He doesn't drink
She doesn't drink
It doesn't drink
We don't drink
You don't drink
They don't drink
Do I drink?
Do you drink?
Does he drink?
Does she drink?
Does it drink?
Do we drink?
Do you drink?
Do they drink?
5B (TEXTS) USING PRESENT (simple)
“What do you do every day and what you don’t like to do?” was the announcement in a local
newspaper. The investigators wanted to know what were the interests and actions of the citizens. And
there was a nice prize: A tour on a sea boat around the world. I answered: “I drink beer every evening
and I don’t like to eat pizzas”. John said he likes to ride on bicycle in the morning but he doesn’t
like to have breakfast”. Mary answered that she loves sleeping with her cat but that she doesn’t
wake up late”. I know that my cat runs in the yard but doesn’t go to the kitchen.” “We prepare
hotdogs in the morning but we don’t eat sandwiches”. My parents practice jogging in the early
morning but they don’t get on buses to travel.
-What does your mother do in the morning? -She washes dishes in the kitchen and cleans the house
but she doesn’t like to wash clothes. -What does your father do? -He works in a factory every
afternoon but he doesn’t like to pack the merchandise. –What does the pet do at night? -it sleeps
on a sofa but it doesn’t eat anything at night.
All the answers of the search were sent in an envelope to the newspaper office and there was an answer
thanking them for the collaboration and a week later there was a receipt with a number for the lottery
wishing good luck. The number reads 23.453 out of 100.000 participants.
6
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
I am drinking
You are drinking
He is drinking
She is drinking
It is drinking
We are drinking
You are drinking
They are drinking
2
I am not drinking
You aren’t drinking
He isn't drinking
She isn't drinking
It isn't drinking
We aren't drinking
You aren't drinking
They aren't drinking
16
8
OK
Am I drinking?
Are you drinking?
Is he drinking?
Is she drinking?
Is it drinking?
Are we drinking?
Are you drinking?
Are Do they drinking?
6B (TEXTS) USING PRESENT (CONTINOUS)
The inspector asked the teacher what the students were doing in class. Here are some of the answers
she gave him. Right now I am controlling the work they are doing. Lou is painting a tree on
piece of paper. He isn’t using his notebook for the task. Fanny is drawing a house in her notebook.
She isn’t coloring it. Pete and Nancy are building up a small project of a mini-city. They aren’t
using clay but wet paper. The fan is flowing high currents of air but it isn’t moving to the sides.
The inspector very seriously asked again: “And what is that boy over there doing now? –He isn’t
doing anything because he is sick. He has a terrible toothache. –“And what about that girl over
here?”. Oh she is my daughter, she is keeping my company as long as her teacher comes to class. A
little angry said: -“ and what the hell are those kids doing out of class, are they playing?” - Oh I’m
sorry but they are preparing themselves for the next sport competitions.
7
I was drinking
You were smoking
He was writing
She was sleeping
It was eating
We were playing
You were studying
They were working
PAST CONTINUOUS
Was I drinking
Were you smoking
Was he writing
Was she sleeping
Was it eating
Were we playing
Were you studying
Were they working
I wasn´t drinking
You weren’t smoking
He wasn’t writing
She wasn’t sleeping
It wasn’t eating
We weren’t playing.
You weren’t studying
They weren’t working
2
18
OK
(Yo) no estaba bebiendo
(Ud.) no estaba fumando
(El) no estaba escribiendo
(Ella) no estaba entendiendo
(El) no estaba comiendo
(Nos.) no estabamos jugando
(Uds.) no estaban estudiando
(Ellos) no estaban trabajando
Estuvo, estuvieron
7B (TEXTS) USING PAST (CONTINOUS)
Why were you drinking beer yesterday, ¡Little and unconscientiously boy! Last week we were
telling you how dangerous it is to drink at your age. You weren’t studying for your tests. Your
mother was asking you to be responsible. She wasn’t cooking that cake for us because of you. The
teachers at school were saying that if the boys and girls weren’t preparing for their final tests they
were going to repeat the semester. We were working hard for giving you a high education but if you
don´t pay attention you will be flunked. I think I told you and your sisters and brothers to go ahead by
working hard. Were you paying attention or weren’t you paying attention? I think you were
sleeping on your dreams of rock and dance. When I was as young as you are I wasn’t losing my
time, I was working day and night. Please,Little boy¡ grow up, you are sixteen now. Oh, my dear
daddy I promise I will be good at the tests. You weren’t looking at me when I was concentrated on
my studies and responsibilities. I was studying both Math and Chemistry. I wasn’t being
irresponsible I was just having a rest. You’ll see my evaluations.
8
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
I drank
You smoke
He wrote
She slept
It ate
We played
You studied
They worked
Did I drink?
Did you smoke?
Did he write?
Did she sleep?
It it eat
Did we play
Did you study
Did they work
2
I didn´t drink
You didn’t smoke
He didn’t write
She didn’t sleep
It didn’t eat
We didn’t play.
You didn’t study
They didn’t work
20
OK
(Yo) no bebí
(Ud.) no fumó
(El) no escribió
(Ella) no durmió
(El) no comió
(Nos.) no jugamos
(Uds.) no estudiaron
(Ellos) no trabajaron
8B (TEXTS) USING SIMPLE PAST TENSE
There were lots of tasks for the secretaries to be done before the boss came back from his business
trips. As soon as he arrived at the office he called the coordinator and asked her about each
employee for his/her work. He said, well tell me what did each person exactly do while I was on my
business trip. –Boss I controlled the work of each one and wrote in the control book every detail. For
example: -Andrew copied all the records and made out a file with the name of “pending
informations” -Katherine typed about 30 letter offering our services and sent them to the different
companies. – She kept control of it by receipts from the companies. Mark and Lucy cleaned the
office and repaired two computers. –The other one must be sent to a special technician. –The other
two secretaries attended all clerks and sold a lot of articles. – The employees didn’t lose their time
and kept on working. They learned from your responsibility and hard work and for that reason we
are having success in business
9
LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS (& REGULAR)
2
22
OK
Simple form
Past form
Past participle form
Spanish
awake (auéik)
become (bicám)
begin (biguín)
bend (bend)
bet (bet)
bind (báind)
bite (báit)
bleed (blíid)
blow (blóu)
break (bréik)
bring (bring)
build (bild)
buy (bái)
catch (cátch)
choose (chúus)
come (cam)
do (du)
draw (dro)
drink (drink)
drive (dráiv)
eat (íit)
fall (fol)
feed (fíid)
feel (fíil)
fight (fáit)
find (fáind)
awoke (auóuk)
became (bikéim)
began (bigán)
bent (bent)
bet (bet)
bound (báund)
bit (bit)
bled (bled)
blew (blu)
broke (bróuk)
brought(brot)
built (bilt)
bought (bot)
caught(cot)
chose (chóus)
came (kéim)
did (did)
drew (dru)
drank (draank)
drove (dróuv)
ate (éit)
fell (fel)
fed (fed)
felt (felt)
fought (fot)
found (fáund)
awoke (auóuk)
become (bicám)
begun (bigán)
bent (bent)
bet (bet)
bound (báund)
bitten (bíten)
bled (bled)
blown (blóun)
broken (bróuken)
brought (brot)
built (bilt)
bought (bot)
caught (cot)
chosen (chóusen)
come (cam)
done (doon)
drawn (droon)
drunk (drank)
driven (dríven)
eaten (íten)
fallen (fólen)
fed (fed)
felt (felt)
fought (fot)
found (fáund)
despertarse
convertise en
comenzar
doblar
apostar
atar
morder
sangrar
soplar
romper
traer
construir
comprar
agarrar, coger
elegir
venir
hacer
dibujar, atraer
beber
conducir
comer
caer
dar de comer
sentir
pelear
encontrar, hallar
fly (flái)
forget (forguét)
get (guét)
give (guív)
go (góu)
grow (gróu)
hang (jang)
have (jav)
hit (jit)
hold (jóuld)
keep (kíip)
know (nóu)
lead (líid)
leave (líiv)
lend (lend)
lose (lúus)
make (méik)
mean (míin)
meet (míit)
pay (péi)
put (put)
read (ríid)
ride (ráid)
run (ran)
say (séi)
see (síi)
sell (sel)
show (shóu)
flew (flu)
forgot (forgót)
got (got)
gave (guéiv)
went (uént)
grew (gru)
hung (jaang)
had (jad)
hit (jit)
held (jeld)
kept (kept)
knew (niú)
led (led)
left (left)
lent (lent)
lost (lost)
made (méid)
meant (ment)
met (met)
paid (péid)
put (put)
read (red)
rode (róud)
ran (raan)
said (sed)
saw (so)
sold (sóuld)
showed (shóud)
flown (flóun)
forgotten (forgóten)
got(ten) (góten)
given (guíven)
gone (gón)
grown (gróun)
hung (jaang)
had (jad)
hit (jit)
held (jeld)
kept (kept)
known (nóun)
led (led)
left (left)
lent (lent)
lost (lost)
made (méid)
meant (ment)
met (met)
paid (péid)
put (put)
read (red)
ridden (ríden)
run (ran)
said (sed)
seen (síin)
sold (sóuld)
shown (shóun)
volar
olvidar
conseguir
dar
ir
crecer
colgar
tener
golpear
sostener asir
guardar, mantener
saber, conocer
guiar
dejar irse
prestar
perder
hacer
significar
encontrarse con
pagar
poner
leer
montar, andar en
correr
decir
ver
vender
mostrar
sing (sing)
sink (sink)
sit (sit)
sleep (slíip)
speak (spíik)
spend (spend)
swim (suím)
take (téik)
teach (tíich)
tear (ter)
tell (tel)
think (zink)
throw (zróu)
understand(-stáand)
wear (wer)
win (win)
write (ráit)
sang (sang)
sank (saank)
sat (sat)
slept (slept)
spoke (spóuk)
spent (spent)
swam (suáam)
took (túk)
taught (tot)
tore (tor)
told (tóuld)
thought (zot)
threw (zru)
understood (-stúd)
wore (wor)
won (won)
wrote (róut)
sung (saang)
sunk (sank)
sat (sat)
slept (slept)
spoken (spóuken)
spent (spent)
swum (suám)
taken (téiken)
taught (tot)
torn (torn)
told (tóuld)
thought (zot)
thrown (zróun)
understood (-stúd)
worn (worn)
won (won)
written (ríten)
cantar
hundir
sentarse
dormir
hablar
gastar
nadar
llevar tomar
enseñar
desgarrar
decir
pensar
arrojar
entender
usar (ropa)
ganar
escribir
9B LIST OF REGULAR VERBS
Simple form
Simple past tense
D or ED
work
wash
type
laugh
watch
push
pick
brush
like
crash
mark
pass
D or ED
play
learn
mow
close
earn
open
plan
(Pronounce /t/ )
worked
washed
typed
laughed
watched
pushed
picked
brushed
liked
crashed
marked
passed
(Pronounced /d/)
played
learned
mowed
closed
earned
opened
planned
Past participle
Spanish meaning
worked
washed
typed
laughed
watched
pushed
picked
brushed
liked
crashed
marked
passed
trabajar
lavar
digitar
reir
vigilar
empujar
recoger
cepillar
gustar
chocar
marcar
pasar
played
learned
mowed
closed
earned
opened
planned
jugar
aprender
podar
cerrar
ganar
abrir
planear
live
love
water
program
flower
D or ED
visit
need
mount
fit
seed
adjust
omit
admit
load
grant
list
dot
lived
loved
watered
programmed
flowered
(Pronounced / i d/
visited
needed
mounted
fitted
seeded
adjusted
omitted
admitted
loaded
granted
listed
dotted
lived
loved
watered
programmed
flowered
vivir
amar
regar
programar
florecer
visited
needed
mounted
fitted
seeded
adjusted
admitted
admitted
loaded
granted
listed
dotted
visitar
necesitar
montar
encajar
sembrar
ajustar
omitir
admitir
cargar
conceder
enlistar
graficar
MODULO 2 EKT UFPS Students’ guide july 2010
ENGLISH COURSE TO HELP STUDENTS WHO WILL PRESENT THE
EKT-U.F.P.S. - (ENGLISH KNOWLEDGES TEST AT THE U.F.P.S.)
Council of Acad. ruling 200/6/11/07;Council of Adm.: agreement 11/5/10
N°
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
SECOND PART - CONTENTS
SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
PAST PERFECT TENSE
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
PASSIVE VOICE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS USE OF WH WORDS
BE AND HAVE
2ND PREVIOUS
10
SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE: (will-shall; won’t shan’t)
I will drink
You will smoke
He will write
She will sleep
It will eat
We will play
You will study
They will work
Will (shall) I drink?
Will you smoke?
Will he write?
Will she sleep?
Will it eat?
Will (shall) we play?
Will you study?
Will they work?
I won’t (shan’t) drink
You won’t smoke
He won’t write
She won’t sleep
It won’t eat
We won’t (shan’t) play
You won’t study
They won’t work
HS/C ∑/H
1
2
1
1
2
4
1
2
25
27
28
29
31
35
36
38
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
1
25
OK
(Yo) no beberé
(Ud.) no fumará
(El) no escribirá
(Ella) no dormirá
(El) no comerá
(Nos.) no jugaremos
(Uds.) no estudiarán
(Ellos) no trabajarán
10B (TEXTS) USING SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
What will you plan for your future? Will you be a lawyer or a Technician? Man likes to dream about the
future. What will you do if you won a million dollars? What will you do if you were in the United States?
Let’s see what our dear students and teachers will do. Let’s know what they and their relatives will do.
Margaret: I will buy a new house in Miami and will start a business on hair styling”. My mother will have a
full make up. Nancy: “I will travel around the world in a modern ship and my father will go to get a degree
at MIT in Boston”. Ralph: “I will go to study medicine in London and my sister Julie will get married and
buy a mansion”. George: “I will learn to dive and my cousin will help me at the sea. Mr. and Mrs. Smith:
“We will go on our second honey moon to Mexico and will stay at the best hotel downtown, our sons will be
having vacations in Argentina. They will meet the best soccer player of Argentina, Maradona.
11
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
2
27
OK
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
they
Have
Have
Has
Has
Has
Have
Have
have
found
drunk
driven
eaten
fallen
fed
felt
fought
Have
Have
Has
Has
Has
Have
Have
have
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
they
found?
drunk?
driven?
eaten?
fallen?
fed?
felt?
fought?
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
they
Haven’t
Haven’t
Hasn’t
Hasn’t
Hasn’t
Haven’t
Haven’t
haven’t
found
drunk
driven
eaten
fallen
fed
felt
fought
No he encontrado
No has bebido
No ha conducido
No ha comido
No se ha caído
No hemos alimentado
No han sentido
No han peleado
11B (TEXTS) USING PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
I have eaten too much meat lately. What have you drunk with your foods? – I haven’t drunk anything
because I prefer dry things for my stomach. -Did you know that Fanny has fed her cat everyday but it isn’t fat,
it’s too skinny? -She has fought with her brothers because they hit it at every moment. So she has felt very
uncomfortable at home. She hasn’t found a new place for it. Their brothers have forgotten to obey their
parents’ orders of respecting each other. They have received the guidance but nothing has changed. Mary has
gone to many homes in search of a new home for her pet. As people have seen that it is thin they have said that
they are not interested in keeping the pet. Well, tell her that I might have that little cat and that she can go to my
house whenever she wishes to. Now she has found a new shelter for it.
12
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
they
PAST PERFECT TENSE
Had
Had
Had
Had
Had
Had
Had
Had
flown
forgot
got
given
gone
grown
hung
had
Had
Had
Had
Had
Had
Had
Had
Had
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
they
flown
forgot
got
given
gone
grown
hung
had
1
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
they
Hadn’t
Hadn’t
Hadn’t
Hadn’t
Hadn’t
Hadn’t
Hadn’t
Hadn’t
flown
forgot
got
given
gone
grown
hung
had
28
OK
No había volado
No habías olvidado
No había conseguido
No había dado
Nohabía ido
No habíamos crecido
No habían colgado
No habían tenido
12B (TEXTS) USING PAST PERFECT TENSE
They said they had forgotten to do their tasks, but I know they had played instead of studying. My
father had spoken to them but they didn’t listen to him. I think they had grown up as kids and not as
responsible young men. I also knew that they had spent all the money they had received from their
mother. Teachers had taught them to be good guys and do what should be done at the right moment
and not to spend time or money in nonsense things. Their grandma had sung a beautiful picture of fruit
trees on the wall but a little later they had taken it away and had sold it for a few cents. At last when
they had gone to the park and had ragged some banks they were caught by a policewoman who took
them to the police station. There they said that they had thought the banks were for waste.
13
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
I WILL HAVE HIT
YOU WILL HAVE HELD
HE WILL HAVE KEPT
WILL I HAVE HIT?
WILL YOU HAVE HELD
WILL HE HAVE KEPT
1
I WON’T HAVE HIT
YOU WON’T HAVE HELD
HE WON’T HAVE KEPT
29
No habré golpeado
No habrás sotenido
Nop habrá cuardado
OK
SHE WILL HAVE SEEN
IT WILL HAVE LED
WE WILL HAVE LEFT
YOU WILL HAVE LOST
THEY WILL HAVE READ
WILL SHE HAVE SEEN
WILL IT HAVE LED
WILL WE HAVE LEFT
WILL YOU HAVE LOST
WILL THEY HAVE READ
SHE WON’T HAVE SEEN
IT WON’T HAVE LED
WE WON’T HAVE LEFT
YOU WON’T HAVE LOST
THEY WON’T HAVE READ
No habrá visto
No habrá conducido
No habremos dejado
No habrás perdido
No habrán leído
13B (TEXTS) USING FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
By the time when I be settled in my new home in Boston and this will be within five years I will have
seen many modern plays. I will also have lost weigh, and I will have led an art exposition. I also know
that I will have kept many collections of coins and whisky bottles. On the other hand my uncle will
have won lots of money with his new invention. My mother will have visited all of our friends in
USA. My father will have made sculptures of Indian groups. My sister will have read at least 100
books. And, of course, we all will have met hundreds of artisans, artists and actors. -Can you imagine
what I will have done by then?
14
PASSIVE VOICE
Active voice
I am drinking coffee
You are eating bread
He is driving a bus
She was selling a skirt
We were buying shoes
They (do) play soccer
He (does) teach Italian
She (did) visit the doctor
You will type letters
They would paint the house
She can swim 100 mts.
He could steal the papers
We may watch the game
They might do the homeworks
I shall repeat the course
They should brush the metal
She must learn the vocabulary
I have brought the books
She has written the word
We had seen a policeman
2
Passive voice
Coffe is drunk by me.
Bread is being eaten by you
A bus is being driven by him
A skirt was being sold by her
Shoes were being bought by us
Soccer is played by them
Italian is taught by him
The doctor was visited by her
Letters will be typed by you
The house would be painted by them
100 mts can be swum by her
The papers could be stolen by him
The game may be watched by us
The homeworks might be done by them
The course shall be repeated by me
The metal should be brushed by them
The vocabulary must be learned by her
The books have been brought by me
The word has been written by her
A policeman had been seen by us
31
OK
El café es tomado por mí
El pan está siendo comido por usted.
Un bus está siendo conducido por él
Una falda estaba siendo vendida por ella
Los zapatos estaban siendo comprados por nos.
El balonpié es jugado por ellos
El Italiano es enseñado por él.
El doctor fue fisitado por ella.
Las cartas serán digitadas por usted
La casa sería pintada por ellos
Los 100 ms. pueden ser nadados por ella
Los documentos podrían ser robados por él
El partido puede ser visto por nosotros
Las tareas podrían ser hechas por ellos
El curso será repetido por mí
El metal debería ser pulido por ellos
El vocabulario debe ser aprendido por ella
Los libros han sido traídos por mí
La palabra ha sido escrita por ella.
Un policía había sido visto por nosotros
14B (TEXTS) USING PASSIVE VOICE
English is spoken in many countries all around the world. It is used by many businessmen and artists. Negotiations could
be done in this language. English is taught in many institutes everywhere. English was brought by English men at the
time of the american conquest. The MIT was visited by some teachers. Three famous museums were attended by some
elder men. There was a boat race near Logan airport which could be run by anyone.
There was a suspicions man near Boston Bank. The bank has been robbed by some one twice and the policemen think that
that man is the responsable of it. The man has been caught by the police many times but nothing has been proved against
him. The pictures have been taken by him said some one. His brother appeared and said that his brother was a
photographer. The city has been photographed by him, specially the rout of freedom downtown in Boston.
The pictures have been seen by many people and they agree that they are wonderful. Art compositions have been digited
by a strange photographer.
15
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS -USE OF WH WORDS
4
35
OK
General English practice: A] Answer each question. B] Create your own questions and answers
There are “wh” questions and an answer in each group: you can replace the underlined words and have your
own questions and answers (There is some help in your language)
What do you do?
¿Qué haces?
What do you [play]?
¿Qué tocas?
Where do you [play tennis]?
¿Dónde juegas tenis?
When do you [play tennis at school]?
¿Cuándo juegas tenis en el colegio?
Why do you [play tennis on Sundays]?
¿Por qué juegas tenis los domingos?
(I play tennis at school on Sundays because I
like this sport)
What does she do?
What does she teach?
Where does she teach French?
When does she teach French at home?
Why does she teach French every day?
(She teaches French at home every day
because she needs money)
¿Qué hace ella?
¿Qué enseña ella?
¿Dónde enseña ella Francés?
¿Cuándo enseña ella Francés en casa?
¿Por qué ella enseña Francés todos los días?
What did you do?
What did you study?
Where did you study English?
When did you study English in Europe?
Why did you study English last month?
(I studied English in Europe last month
because I won a scholarship)
¿Qué hiciste?
¿Qué estudiaste?
¿Dónde estudiaste Inglés?
¿Cuándo estudiaste Inglés en Europa?
¿Por qué estudiaste Inglés el mes pasado?
What will you do?
What will you write?
Where will you write letters?
When will you write letters in the hall?
Why will you write letters every week?
(I will write letters in the hall every week
because there is no other place to do it.)
What can you do?
What can you drive?
Where can you drive a taxi?
When can you drive a taxi in the city?
Why can you drive a taxi on Saturdays?
¿Qué harás?
¿Qué escribirás?
¿Dónde escribirás cartas?
¿Cuándo escribirás cartas en el may?
¿Por qué escribirás cartas todas las semanas?
¿Qué puedes hacer?
¿Qué puedes conducir?
¿Dónde puedes conducir un taxi?
¿Cuándo puedes conducir un taxi en la ciud?
¿Por qué puedes conducir un taxi los sábado?
(I can drive a taxi in the city on Saturdays
because there isn’t too much traffic)
What should he do?
What should he visit?
Where should he visit a clinic?
When should he visit a clinic at Btá?
Why should he visit a clinic now?
(He should visit a clinic at Bogotá now
because he is very sick)
What are you doing?
What are you preparing?
Where are you preparing your tests?
When are you preparing your tests?
Why are you preparing your tests?
(I am preparing my tests at the office in the
mornings)
What were you doing?
What were you drinking?
Where were you drinking coffee?
When were you drinking coffee?
Why were you drinking coffee?
(I was drinking coffee at the restaurant
yesterday morning because I was tired)
¿Qué debería hacer él?
¿Qué debería visitar él?
¿Dónde debería el visitar una clínica?
¿Cuándo debería visitar una clínica en Btá?
¿Por qué él debería visitar una clínica ahora?
¿Qué estás haciendo?
¿Qué estás preparando?
¿Dónde estás preparando tus exámenes?
¿Cuándo está preparando tus exámenes?
¿Por qué está preparando tus exámenes?
¿Qué estabas haciendo?
¿Qué estabas tomando?
¿Dónde estabas tomando café?
¿Cuándo estabas tomando café?
¿Por qué estabas tomando café?
15B QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS USING “WH” WORDS
Study guide: Pair questions and answers. Practice orally with mates. Give own answers. Create your
own questions and answers
01) What’s your name?
02) Where were you born?
03) How old are you?
04) What’s your address?
05) What’s your phone number?
06) What are your parents’ names?
07) What does your father do?
08) What does your mother do?
09) How many brothers and sisters do you have?
01) My name is Albert White Johnson.
02) I was born in Cúcuta.
03) I’m 20 years old.
04) It’s 4-30 6th Street.
05) My phone number is 7567503.
06) They are Pete Johnson and Mary White?
07) He works in a factory.
08) She works at home. She’s a housewife.
09) I have two brothers and one sister.
10) What do they do?
11) Where do you study?
12) What level are you in?
13) How much do you pay for your study?
14) What subjects do you like best?
15) What subject don’t you like?
16) Which sport(s) do you practice?
17) What are your favorite hobbies?
18) What do you like best?: (reading, writing, or) …
19) Who is your favorite personage?
20) Why do you think English will be for?
21) What would you do if you had ten million bucks?
22) What career are you studying at this institution?
23) How do you define yourself? (quiet, passive, or…)
24) Would you like to be diligent or lazy?.
25) What were you doing last Sunday night?
10) They are studying
11) I study at the university.
12) I’m in the sixth semester.
13) I pay a minimum salary a year.
14) I like Math, English and Communication
15) I don’t like Physics.
16) I practice soccer and basketball.
17) My favorite hobbies are reading and dancing
18) I like swimming
19) My favorite personage is Leonardo D’Avinci.
20) It will be for getting better jobs.
21) If I had $10.000 I would travel around the world
22) I’m studying Systems engineering here.
23) I’m a quiet, well spoken and honest person.
24) I would like to be diligent.
25) I was dancing at a party last Sunday night.
15C QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS USING “WH” WORDS
Study guide: Pair questions and answers. Practice orally with mates. Give own answers. Create your
own questions.
26) What does the new queen look like?
27) Why did(n’t) you agree with the election?
28) Where will the queen go to next December?
29) What would you tell her if she were here?
30) Why will you need more information?
31) When should we begin to practice English?
32) Where can(n’t) you go on weekends now?
33) Why could(n’t) you travel to Ocaña?
34) Where may I ask you to do it?
35) What might your classmates be doing now?
36) Who must teach you how to be polite?
37) Why are the people menaced by the war?
26) She is the most beautiful and nice girl in the world.
27) I agreed because she has a great personality.
28) She will go to her hometown next December.
29) I would tell her that she is lovely and charming.
30) I will need it because I don’t know what to do.
31) We should begin to practice English immediately
32) I can’t go out of town on weekends now.
33) I couldn’t travel to Ocaña because it is dangerous.
34) You may I ask me to do it anywhere.
35) They might be chattering because there is no teacher.
36) The family must teach us how to be polite.
37) Because it is impossible to make the peace.
38) What have you been studying these days?
39) Where has your father worked lately?
40) Why had we met in class every week?
41) What is there at this institute next month?
42) Why aren’t there any fruit trees here?
43) Why are you sleepy in the morning?
44) Why are you hungry at midday?
45) Where were you angry at your teachers?
46) How were you after the game?
47) Who is older than you?
48) What do you wear on Sundays?
49) What do you like to do in vacations?
50) What can we do to get the peace?
38) I have been studying grammar and vocabulary.
39) He has worked at a tile factory lately
40) We had done it because we have to discuss a task.
41) I don’t know. I’m new here
42) There aren’t any fruit trees because they were cut.
43) I’m sleepy because I have to go to study.
44) I’m hungry at midday because I work hard.
45) I was angry at my teachers in the auditorium.
46) I was too thirsty after the game.
47) My sister is older than me.
48) I wear tennis shoes, a flannel, and Bermudas.
49) I like to watch T.V. and visit my friends.
50) We can try to help others to get the peace.
15D QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS USING “WH” WORDS
Study guide: Pair questions and answers. Practice orally with mates. Give own answers. Create your
own questions.
51) What am I teaching you?
52) Where is Park Victory?
53) Where are the children playing?
54) Why was Montoya out of the run?
55) What were you doing last weekend?
56) Where do women go shopping in Cúcuta?
57) When does a child ask for help?
58) Why did Colombians begin to suffer?
59) What can you do for your country?
60) Where could you learn how to drive?
61) When will vacations take place?
62) Why would people take care on the streets?
63) What shall I inform you about English?
64) Where should policemen be at night?
51) You are teaching me how to learn by myself.
52) Park Victory is on second Av. and twelfth St.
53) They are playing in the park.
54) Because his car had the motor broken.
55) I was preparing for my tests last weekend.
56) Women go shopping to Ventura Plaza.
57) A child asks for help when he can’t do something
58) Colombians began to suffer a long time ago.
59) I can vote correctly.
60) I could learn how to drive at a car school
61) Vacations will take place in June and December.
62) Because streets are dangerous because of the cars.
63) You will I inform me on how I can write it well.
64) They should be on the dark streets at night
65) When may I ask you to answer this test?
66) Why might all Colombians be together?
67) What do you have to do to pass this test?
68) Where have the teachers had a party?
69) When has the director spoken to the students?
70) Why had they elected a new president?
71) What did you use to do when you were ten?
72) Why isn’t German taught at this institute?
73) Where were trolleys driven in Colombia?
74) When was the vocabulary learned by you?
75) Why were all the games seen on T.V.?
65) You may ask me to answer this test right now.
66) All of them might be together in order to have peace.
67) I have to study hard in order to pass it.
68) They have had a party at their club.
69) He has spoken to the students on Mondays.
70) They had elected him because of the Constitution.
71) I used to play and laugh when I was ten years old.
72) It isn’t taught here because there aren’t teachers.
73) They were driven in Bogotá.
74) The vocabulary was learned by us last week.
75) They were seen on it because of the rain.
15E QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS USING “WH” WORDS
Study guide: Pair questions and answers. Practice orally with mates. Give own answers. Create your
own questions.
76) Why will it be written in English?
77) Why can’t old stories be told to kids?
78) What could be said after elections?
79) Where had votes been deposited in elections?
80) What thin has been said about politicians?
81) Where had tequila been drunk?
82) Why is there a new president in Colombia?
83) Where were there many problems?
84) When were there too many accidents?
85) How long does a car race last?
86) How much did a new taxi cost in 1970?
87) How many kinds of trees are there in Cúcuta?
88) How far is it from Cúcuta to San Antonio?
89) Which candidate did you like best?
90) Who won the presidency of Colombia?
91) Whose shoes are you wearing now?
92) How do you feel today?
76) Because it is for English speakers
77) Because the television is absorbing them.
78) It could be said “most people made a hard election”.
79) They have been deposited in the election boxes.
80) It is said that they look for their interests only.
81) It had been drunk in the Mexican pubs.
82) Because the Constitution states the new election.
83) There were only a few problems during elections.
84) There were many accidents last Sunday.
85) A car race lasts about four hours.
86) I cost about two million pesos in 1970.
87) There are 2.000 kinds of trees in Cúcuta.
88) It is about ten kilometers.
89) I liked (NN).
90) (NN) won the presidency of Colombia, 2010-2014.
91) I’m wearing my own shoes.
92) I feel very well today.
93) What are you looking for?
94) Why have you called me up lately?
95) How about some more study to learn it?
96) What do you think about your classmates?
97) Why have you had your car washed lately?
98) Why has your moher visited the doctor?
99) How many words do you know in English?
100)Why have you got tired of studying English?
16
BE AND HAVE
BE (SER, ESTAR, TENER)
I am a farmer
Soy un granjero
You are tired
Estás cansado
He/She/It is sick
Está enfermo
We are musicians
Somos músicos
You are shouting
(Uds) están gritando
They are rich
Son ricos
I am not a farmer
No soy un granjero
You are not tired
No estás cansado
He/She/It is not sick
No está enfermo
We are not musicians
No somos músicos
You are not shouting
93) I’m looking for a new job.
94) Because I need some information from you.
95) Sure, I’m interested in learning English.
96) I think they are very good people.
97) I have had it washed lately because it was dirty.
98) My mom has visited him because she is been sick.
99) I know (5000) words in English.
100) I have got tired of it because I haven’t had a break.
1
36
HAVE (TENER)
I have a farm
Tengo una granja
You have to rest
Tienes que descansar
He/She/It has fever
Tiene fiebre
We have instruments
Tenemos instrumentos
You have to shut up
(Uds) tienen que callarse
They have money
Tienen dinero
I don't have a farm
No tengo una granja
You don't have to rest
No tienes que descansar
He/She/It doesn't have fever
no tiene fiebre
We don't have instruments
No tenemos instrumentos
You don't have to shut up
OK
Uds no están gritando
They are not rich
No son ricos
Am I a farmer?
¿Soy un granjero?
Are you tired?
¿Estás cansado?
Is he/she/it sick?
¿Está enfermo/a?
Are we musicians?
¿Somos músicos?
Are you shouting?
¿Están (Uds) gritando?
Are they rich?
¿Son ricos (ellos)?
Uds no tienen que callarse
They don't have money
No tienen dinero
Do I have a farm?
¿Tengo una granja?
Do you have to rest?
¿Tienes que descansar?
Does he/she/it have fever?
¿Tiene fiebre?
Do we have instruments?
¿Tenemos instrumentos?
Do you have to shut up?
¿Tienen (Uds) que callarse?
Do they have money?
¿Tienen (ellos) dinero?
MODULO 3 EKT UFPS Students’ guide
ENGLISH COURSE TO HELP STUDENTS WHO WILL PRESENT THE
EKT-U.F.P.S. - (ENGLISH KNOWLEDGES TEST AT THE U.F.P.S.)
Council of Acad. ruling 200/6/11/07;Council of Adm.: agreement 11/5/10
N°
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
17
THIRD PART - CONTENTS
ADJECTIVES
ADVERBS
CONJUNCTIONS
PREPOSITIONS
DO/MAKE
MODAL VERBS
CONDITIONAL
PHRASAL VERBS (IDIOMS)
VOCABULARIES
HS/C ∑/H
40
41
43
46
47
49
51
54
58
60
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
FINAL TEST
2
1
2
3
1
2
2
3
3
2
ADJECTIVES
2
40
OK
17A. COMPARISONS
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
Cali is a beautiful Colombian city.
Medellin is larger than Cali
Bogotá is the largest city in Colombia
Barranquilla is as large as Medellin
Bucaramanga is a commercial city
Medellin is more commercial than Bucaramanga
Bogotá is the most commercial city of them all.
Medellin is beautiful
Cali is as beautiful as Medellin
Barranquilla isn’t as beautiful as Cali.
Cali isn’t so cool as Medellin.
It’s [………]
It’s […….…] than
good
better
bad
worse
little
less
far
farther
much
more
many
more
It’s the [……….]
Best
Worst
least
farthest
most
most
good/well - bueno, bien
bad/badly - mal
much/many - mucho/muchos
little - poco
far - lejos
better - mejor
worse - peor
more - más
less - menos
farther/further - más lejos
17B. ADJECTIVE FORMATION:
agreeable
disagreeable
similar
dissimilar
afraid
unafraid
clear
unclear
fair
unfair
healthy
unhealthy
direct
indirect
complete
incomplete
existent
nonexistent
political
nonpolitical
faithful
unfaithful
continuous
discontinuous
active
inactive
natural
unnatural
perfect
imperfect
selfish
unselfish
educational
noneducational
fortunate
unfortunate
(the) best - el mejor
(the) worst - el peor
(the) most - el/los más
(the) least - el menos
(the) farthest/furthest - el más lejano
They seemed to be (...)
eventful
uneventful
formal
informal
respectful
disrespectful
pure
impure
wealthy
unwealthy
friendly
unfriendly
beautiful
worthless
dangerous
accidental
basic
childish
different
pleasant
comfortable
sensible
active
imaginative
crowded
surprising
wonderful
marvelous
ordinary
easy
hard
complicated
good
nice
salty
hot
17C. BASIC ADJECTIVES OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
afraid
bad
big
black
blind
blue
bright
broad
brown
busy
certain
clean
clear
cold
cool
dark
dear
deep
different
fair
famous
fat
first
five
foreing
four
fresh
full
gentle
glad
good
great
green
happy
hard
heavy
high
hot
little
long
loud
low
mad
middle
necessary
nervous
new
nice
old
one
pleasant
poor
possible
pretty
probable
proud
public
rich
sad
safe
second
seven
short
sick
simple
single
six
slow
small
soft
sorry
special
straight
strange
strong
sweet
three
twelve
twenty
two
warm
weak
white
wide
wild
wise
worth
wrong
yellow
young
next
sure
half
important
forward
direct
distant
double
easy
eight
electric
humble
hungry
ill
kind
large
left
pure
quick
quiet
ready
real
red
talk
tall
ten
thick
thin
third
human
dead
due
equal
past
perfect
17D. BASIC ADJECTIVES OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Awake – despierto
Beautiful – hermoso
Big - grande
Bitter - amargo
Black - negro
Careful - cuidadoso
Dark - oscuro
Dead - muerto
Deep - profundo
Difficult - difícil
Dirty - sucio
Drunk - borracho
Expensive - caro
Far - lejano
New - nuevo
On - encendido
Past - pasado
Polite - cortés, atento
Rich - rico
Right - derecho
Right - correcto
Rough - áspero
Safe - seguro
Same - mismo
Fast - rápido
Asleep - dormido
Ugly - feo
Small - pequeño
Sweet - dulce
White - blanco
Careless - descuidado
Light - claro
Alive - vivo
Shallow - superficial
Easy - fácil
Clean - limpio
Sober - sobrio
Cheap - barato
Near - cercano
Old - viejo
Off - apagado
Future - futuro
Rude - grosero
Poor - pobre
Left - izquierdo
Wrong - equivocado
Smooth - suave, liso
Dangerous - peligroso
Different - diferente
Slow - lento
Fat - gordo
Full - lleno
Glad - contento
Good - bueno
Happy - feliz
Hard - duro
Healthy - saludable
Heavy - pesado
High - alto
Hot - caliente
Interesting - interesante
Late - tarde
Long - largo
Simple - simple
Single - soltero
Straight - derecho
Strong - fuerte
Tall - alto
Thick - grueso
True - verdadero
Useful - útil
Warm - cálido
Wet - mojado
Wide - ancho
Young - joven
Thin - flaco
Empty - vacío
Sad - triste
Bad - malo
Sorry - apenado
Soft - blando
Sick - enfermo
Light - liviano
Low - bajo
Cold - frío
Boring - aburrido
Early - temprano
Short - corto
Complex - complejo
Married - casado
Crooked - torcido
Weak - débil
Short - bajo
Thin - delgado
False - falso
Useless - inútil
Cool - fresco
Dry - seco
Narrow - angosto
Old - viejo
18
ADVERBS
1
41
OK
COMMON ENGLISH ADVERBS
He’s working [.............]
Place:
here, there, near, far, far from, inside, out, out of, up, down, ahead, in back of,
over, under, behind
Time:
I work [...]
I worked [...]
I’m working[...]
I will work[...]
today, yesterday, the day before yesterday, tomorrow, last night, now, before,
after, then late, early, soon, always, never, seldom, rarely, frequently, usually,
ever, sometimes, often, recently, already, yet, every month, every week, every
year, last month, next week, next time, now and then, in an hour, every other day.
Mood
He works [...] He worked [...]
He will work [...]
He’s working [...]
well, badly, better, slowly, promptly, correctly, gladly, foolishly, weekly, monthly,
perfectly, sadly, softly, suddenly, plainly, happily, formally, daily, instantly, yearly
Quantity
How much paper did you buy?
How many papers did you buy?
much, a little, a few, more, less, enough, nothing, some everything, something,
many, a lot of, lots of, plenty, a great deal.
Order
first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth,
successively, respectively, lately, (the) former, (the) latter
ninth,
tenth,
yes, also, certainly, sure, surely, effectively, no, nor, clearly, neither, either, never,
maybe, perhaps
18B. STRUCTURE OF ADVERBS IN ENGLISH
bad, badly/ quick, quickly/ luxurious, luxuriously/ public, publicly/ faithful, faithfully/ cheap,
cheaply/ easy, easily/ true, truly/ sad, sadly/ probable, probably/ honest, honestly/ happy,
happily/ nice, nicely/ beautiful, beautifully/ changeable, changeably/ perfect, perfectly/
19
CONJUNCTIONS AND OTHER FUNCTION WORDS
2
19. CONJUNCTIONS
and
but
for
or
nor
so
yet
They were drinking and laughing.
He likes to do everything but study.
He went there for he was thirsty.
Would you like to speak about Lucy or Fanny?
I’d neither speak about Lucy nor Fanny.
He didn’t call me up, so I called him up.
We haven’t finished our study yet.
43
OK
19B. DETERMINANTS
the
a
an
my
your
his
her
its
our
their
this
that
these
those
each
every
no
both
some
any
all
many
much
few
several
either
neither
more
most
These are the basic function words in English.
This is a very important exercise.
That is an interesting practice.
Those are my university books.
Where’s your teacher’s signature?
Which are his technical works?
Why is her decision unimportant?
When is its library open?
How are our letters delivered?
How long are their kids going to be here)
This experiment is very hard.
Which structure shows that engineer?
Did you plan these operations?
Could you attend those organizations?
Would each one produce a larger amount?
Does every company build up a bridge?
We have no time to lose.
Have both subjects been studied?
Some people do not like to take trips.
Should any technician be invited to the forum?
All of them like to investigate in their field
Many electricians work in the country.
Do you eat much food at night?
Very few people go to the university in Colombia.
Several nurses teach special programs in Cúcuta.
Don’t forget to take either this map or the other.
Neither this lawyer nor the other were right.
Shall we need more experiments?
Most people lose lots of time doing nothing.
19C. INTENSIFIERS
very
quite
somewhat
rather
pretty
mighty
little
so
too
more
most
less
least
enough
It is very important that you know yourself.
We were quite tired after such a work.
It is somewhat difficult to be used.
It is rather easy to learn a language.
It could be pretty well understood.
They were mighty important for everyone.
Do you feel a little better now?
They have so little time to study that subject.
Life in Cúcuta is too expensive.
We have to get more money for living.
It is the most beautiful place in the world.
Indians and farmers shouldn’t be less important.
Tallness is the least important thing.
This climate is good enough for living things.
19D. SUBORDINATES
After
although
as
As if
because
before
how
if
provided
since
than
that
though
until
what
when
whenever
where
which
whereas
whichever
while
who
whoever
whom
whose
You shouldn’t play after lunch.
He came although he didn’t want to.
Does every man speak as he thinks?
Some people pretend to live as if they were rich.
You are here because you want to succeed.
You have to get money before you plan to go.
Do you know how to speak in French?
Would you travel if you had money?
You will get a degree provided you pass the test.
He hadn’t studied English since he was sixteen.
It is bigger than you think.
The books that he bought weren’t new.
He got the money, though he didn’t work for it.
Do not leave until you are told to.
It wasn’t what I told you to do.
They were reading when she arrived.
You can drive it whenever you wish to.
There is where it was done.
This is the university which he preferred.
He’s responsible, whereas his sister isn’t.
Select the car whichever you like best.
I was flying while they were sailing.
That is the man who plays the guitar.
It isn’t true whoever said so.
Those are for whom he was working.
That is the boy whose father won a lottery.
19E. SENTENCE CONNECTORS
therefore
accordingly
also
at least
besides
consequently
for example
furthermore
hence
however
indeed
in addition
in fact
moreover
nevertheless
then
thus
They went to the movies; therefore, John couldn’t see them.
It was locked. They, accordingly, with it left at once.
Gasoline was increased. They also increased all other prices.
It’s difficult to be obtained. At least we must get one.
He doesn’t come on time, besides, he forgets everything.
He was a bad employee, consequently, he was fired.
It is easy to be understood if, for example, you speak slowly.
They couldn’t paint the wall and, furthermore, they shouldn’t.
The computer was out of order; hence, the answers were wrong.
He was a tennis player; however, he couldn’t play table tennis.
They were in the farm, indeed, they forced to work there
They lost a lot of money, in addition to it, there was an accident.
They were published. They were, in fact, very good.
She is a fast typist, moreover, she is diligent.
The tests were given; nevertheless, nobody answered them.
They were stated, and then they could take right decisions.
It was settled so, thus, no one can change it.
19F. INTERROGATIVE WORDS
what
where
when
why
How
which
whose
who(m)
who
What is the importance of the university?
Where was the meeting taking place?
When is the party going to be over?
Why would you like to go there?
How could you do it again?
Which career do you like best?
Whose house are you going to buy?
Who(m) did you visit yesterday?
Who visited you?
20
PREPOSITIONS
3
46
about
above
across
after
against
along
among
around
at
Acerca de
Por encima de
A través de
Después de
Contra
A lo largo de
En medio de
Alrededor de
En
This guide is about English structures.
The university is above high school.
We walked across the International Bridge.
Study one word after another.
Prepare yourself against any adversity.
Be yourself along your pass over this planet
There are many thinkers among Colombians
Let’s take a trip around our country.
We are at the university.
before
behind
below
beneath
beside
besides
between
beyond
by
despite
down
during
for
from
in
inside
into
like
near
of
off
on
Antes
Detrás de
Por debajo de
Por debajo de
Al lado de
Además de
Entre
Más allá de
Por
A pesar de
Abajo
Durante
Por, para
De, desde
En, dentro de
Dentro de
Dentro de
Como
Cerca de
De
Fuera
En
Make plans before you start anything.
You can’t stay behind others, go ahead.
The temperature in Cúcuta isn’t below 30°C.
Your words must not be beneath your thought.
The Erasmos Meoz Hospital is beside the I.S.S.
Did you study another career besides this one?
La Don Juana is between Cúcuta and Pamplona
Is the moon beyond man’s reach now?
Hamlet was written by William Shakespeare.
You will learn English despite its problems.
Let’s go down the river.
Have a break during your work
You should be learning for yourself
Where are you from?
Business used to be the main occupation here.
Have you ever been inside a theater for plays?
Change your sorrows into happiness by working
Life is like a chess game, isn’t it?
There is a hospital near U.F.P.S.
We all are part of the education system.
In december you are off your studies and work.
St. Joseph Cathedral is on fifth avenue.
OK
onto
over
since
through
throughout
till-until
toward
under
up
upon
with
within
without
21
Sobre
Por encima de
Desde
A través de
En todo
Hasta
Hacia
Debajo de
Arriva
Sobre
Con
Dentro de
sin
The seed were spread onto the dessert.
Jets fly over this beautiful city Cúcuta.
U.F.P.S. has been functioning since 1962.
UFPS has grown through the work of people.
It is well known throughout the country.
Read carefully till (until) you understand.
You are going toward a better future.
Your percentage can’t be under 64%
Climb up any stairs, step by step.
Don’t climb upon the clouds of your dreams.
Do you live in peace with yourself?
San Antonio is within 10 kms from Cúcuta.
You cannot go ahead without others.
DO/MAKE
1
47
OK
21A. DO/MAKE Mrs. Jones is a housewife - La señora Jones es una ama de casa
She has to do the housework
Ella tiene que hacer el trabajo de la casa
She has to do the cooking
Ella tiene que cocinar
She has to do the washing up
Ella tiene que fregar los platos
She has to do the washing/the laundry
Ella tiene que lavar la ropa sucia
She has to do the shopping
Ella tiene que hacer las compras
She has to do the ironing
Ella tiene que planchar la ropa
She has to do the dusting
Ella tiene que quitar el polvo a las cosas
She has to make the beds
Ella tiene que hacer las camas
She has to make breakfast
Ella tiene que hacer el desayuno
She has to make lunch
Ella tiene que hacer el almuerzo
She has to make dinner
Ella tiene que hacer la cena
She has to make coffee/tea
Ella tiene que hacer café/té
She has to make a cake
Ella tiene que hacer un torta
She has to make sure that the house is in order
Ella tiene que asegurarse que la casa esté en orden
21B. DO/MAKE Mr. Jones is a businessman - El señor Jones es un empresario
He is doing business with important companies
Él está haciendo negocios con firmas importantes
He is doing well in his job
Va bien en su trabajo
He does his best to improve his company
Hace lo mejor que puede para mejorar su empresa
He is making a lot of money
Está haciendo un montón de dinero
He is making a fortune
Está haciendo una fortuna
He doesn't like to make mistakes
He would like to make a long trip/journey
Le gustaría hacer un largo viaje
His employees make fun of him
Sus empleados se burlan de él
He has to make a speech for a meeting
Tiene que hacer un discurso para una reunión
His secretary makes appointments for him
Su secretaria arregla citas para él
She also makes telephone calls and reservations
También hace llamadas telefónicas y reservas
He says that his employees make trouble
No le gusta equivocarse
Sometimes he makes a fuss when something goes
wrong
Algunas veces arma un lío cuando algo sale mal
He rarely makes jokes
Casi nunca hace chistes
He doesn't have much time to make friends
No tiene mucho tiempo para hacer amigos
He is making an effort to increase sales
Está haciendo un esfuerzo para aumentar las ventas
Él dice que sus empleados causan problemas
He also says that women make a lot of noise
También dice que las mujeres hacen mucho ruido
He often makes a fool of himself
A menudo se pone en ridículo
He makes use of his authority to threaten people
Utiliza su autoridad para amenazar a las personas
Some of his decisions don't make sense
Algunas de sus decisiones no tienen sentido
21C DO/MAKE other examples
John is doing badly at school (he is not doing well)
John no va bien en la escuela
He doesn't like to do his homework - No le gusta hacer su tarea
The hurricane did a lot of damage in the area
El huracán causó mucho daño en la zona
The policeman was doing his duty when he arrested the thief
El policía estaba cumpliendo con su deber cuando arrestó al ladrón
Mary did her hair and her face and left for the party
Mary se peinó, se maquilló y salió para la fiesta
"Can you do me a favor ?" - ¿Me puedes hacer un favor?
"I want to make a complaint about the service in this hotel"
Quiero presentar una queja sobre el servicio en este hotel
The man and the woman were making love in the back seat of their car
El hombre y la mujer estaban haciendo el amor en el asiento trasero de su auto
Johnny made a mess in his room - Johnny hizo un desorden en su cuarto
Bill made his way to the university - Bill se dirigió a la universidad
Jane made an excuse and left - Jane se disculpó y se marchó
"What are you doing here?" - ¿Qué estás haciendo aquí?
22
MODAL VERBS (helping verbs with another verb)
MODALS (A) USO
Expresar
habilidad
Pedir y dar
Permiso
Preguntar
Expresar
Necesidad
Ejemplos
She can read in French
She could read when she was four
She was able to read French stories
Can I go out, teacher?
Could you turn on the T.V.?
You may leave now
Can you erase the board, please?
Could you erase the board, please?
You have to go to bed now
You have got to go to bed now.
2
49
Traducción y explicación
Ella lee en Francés
Ella sabía leer cuando tenía cuatro años
Ella podía leer cuentos en Francés
Puedo salir, profe? (Uso común)
Puedes encender la T.V? (Uso popular)
Puedes salir ahora. (Uso popular)
Puede borrar el tablero (Poco cortés)
Podrías borrar el tablero (Más cortés)
Debes irte a dormir
Tienes que irte a dormir
OK
Tuvo que acostarse temprano
Debes acostarte ya
Debes apresurarte o llegarás tarde
(con poder sobre otro=must)
No tienes que irte sino hasta las 8:00
Ella no tuvo que escribir cartas.
He had to go to bed early
You must go to bed now
You must run or you’ll be late
Expresar
carencia
Dar
consejo
Dar
Ordenes
Expresar
certidumbre
E imposibilidad
Hablando del
Futuro
Expresar
Posibilidad
Hablar del
pasado
MODALS (B)
Can
Could
May
Might
Shall
Must
Have to
Are to
Should
Ought to
You don’t have to leave until 8:00
She didn’t have to write letters
You should study every day.
You ought to study every day
He shouldn’t have brought that
He ought not to have brought that.
Deberías estudiar todos los días
Tu tienes que estudiar todos los días.
El no debería haber traído eso.
El no tenía que haber traído eso.
(Se usan para acciones (in/correctas)
No debes fumar tanto.
Debes cuidar tu salud.
No debes estar afuera.
Debes estar aquí
You mustn’t smoke so much.
You must take care of your health
You are not to be out
You are to be here
He has played all day.
He must be tired
He has not played. He can’t be tired.
She is not at school.
She must have gone home.
It will rain tonight.
I shall invite you when we have made some
money
It may rain tonight
It might rain tonight
I used to play pebbles when I was a boy.
We would rarely stay out at night
(not) --- (n’t)
El ha jugado todo el día.
Debe estar cansado.
El no ha jugado. No puede estar cansado.
Ella no esta en el colegio.
Debe haberse ido a casa.
Must y can’t son opuestos en significado.
Lloverá esta anoche.
Te invitaré cuando hayamos ganado más dinero.
(Will es más común que shall. Shall es usado familiarmente solo
con (I y WE)
Puede que llueva esta noche. (+)
Podría llover esta noche. (-)
Yo jugaba canicas cuando era niño.
Rara vez estaríamos afuera de noche
Preguntas
Describiendo lo que
alguien dijo
He can not speak German
He can’t speak German
I couldn’t swim
when I was a little girl
You may not go to the river
today.
We might not be at home
Can he speak German?
He said he could speak German
Could you swim
When you were a little girl?
May I go to the river?
She said she could swim when she was a
little girl
I said you may not go
Where might they be?
They said they might stay at the hotel.
We shall not work on
Saturday
They must not walk
Shall we go to work on
Saturday?
Must they walk now?
He said we should go to the park on
Saturday.
She said they must walk now.
You don’t have to study
Do you have to study?
I said you have to study
You aren’t to leave your
work
He should visit the doctor
Are you to leave your
work?
Should he visit the doctor?
He said they were to leave their work
You ought not to teach
Ought you to teach there?
They said you ought to teach there
I said you should visit the doctor.
Will
Used to
Would
23
there.
It won’t be a sunny day
Will it a sunny day?
I said it wouldn’t be a sunny day
I didn’t use to smoke at the
office
I would not come back
tomorrow
Did you use to smoke at
the office?
Would you come back
tomorrow?
She said she used to smoke at home.
CONDITIONAL
He said I wouldn’t come back tomorrow
2
51
OK
Type I Present
If he is busy now, I will come back tomorrow
If I have time, I'll visit my parents this afternoon
If it is warm tomorrow, we'll go to the beach
If it is cold, you must wear warm clothes
Will / can / may / must + V1
Si está ocupado ahora, regresaré mañana
Si tengo tiempo, visitaré a mis padres esta tarde
Si está caluroso mañana, iremos a la playa
Si está frío, debes usar ropa abrigada
Type II Past
If I were in Brazil, I would go to Río de Janeiro
If I were you, I would buy that car
If he were in my place, he wouldn't do this
If I had more money, I would buy a nice
appartment
Would / could / might + V1
Si yo estuviese en Brasil, iría a Río de Janeiro
Si yo fuera vos, compraría ese auto
Si él estuviese en mi lugar, no haría esto
Si yo tuviese más dinero, me compraría un lindo
apartamento
Type III Past Perfect
If I had seen him, I would have told him about you
If I had known the answer, I would have raised my
hand
If she had come on Saturday, I would have seen
her
If they had left earlier, they would have arrived on
time
Would / could / might + have V3
Si lo hubiese visto, le habría contado acerca de ti
Si hubiese sabido la respuesta, habría levantado mi
mano
Si ella hubiese venido el sábado, la habría visto
Habitual Present
If I have time, I usually go to the movies
If she eats hamburgers, she gets an allergy
If they come here, they always bring a present
If she doesn't know the answer, she keeps silent
Present
Si tengo tiempo, generalmente voy al cine
Si ella come hamburguesas, le da alergia.
Si ellos vienen aquí, siempre traen un regalo
Si ella no sabe la respuesta, se mantiene en silencio
Imperative Present
If they are busy, don't disturb them
If it is raining, please bring me my umbrella
If she phones, don't tell her I was here
If you don't want to go, don't go
Imperative
Si ellos están ocupados, no los molestes
Si está lloviendo, por favor, traéme mi paraguas
Si ella llama, no le digas que estuve aquí
Si no querés ir, no vayas
Si ellos hubiesen salido más temprano, habrían
llegado a tiempo
24
PHRASAL VERBS (IDIOMS)
3
54
24A. SOME BASIC COMMON IDIOMS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
(Meanings can change)
Above all
As to
As usual
As yet
At all
At first
At last
At least
At once
At times
Be up
Be used up
Blow up
Break down
Break off
Bring about
Bring out
Call for
Call off
Call up
Check up
Come about
Come away
Come back
Come in
Come on
Cross out
Cut off
Cut out
Do over
Fall through
Find out
For good
Get along
Get back
por encima de todo
con respecto a
como de costumbre
todavía
del todo
al comienzo
al final
por lo menos
inmediatamente
a veces
hallarse
estar desgastado
explotar
romper
interrumpir
ocurrir
producir
solicitar
cancelar
telefonear
revisar
ocurrir
desprenderse
regresr
siga
vamos
tachar
cortar
eliminar
hacer
fracasar
hallar
para siempre
llevarsela bien
regresar
Get in
Get lost
Get off
Get on
Get out
Get over
Get ready
Get rid of
Get through
Get together
Get up
Get used to
Give away
Give in
Give out
Give place
Give up
Go on
Go wrong
Hand in
Have got
Have in hand
Have on
Right away
I had a suit made.
I have a suit made.
I have to go
In a hurry
In time
It’s cold.
It’s early
It’s hot.
It’s late.
It’s one o’clock
It’s up to you
entrar
perderse
bajarse de (bus)
subirse a (bus)
salir
terminar
estar listo
deshacerse
terminar
reunirse
levantarse
soler
regalar
ceder
repartir
dar lugar
darse por vencido
continuar
equivocarse
entregar
conseguir
tener a mano
tener
inmediatament
tenia un traje
tengo un traje
tengo que ir
de prisa
a tiempo
hace frio
es temprano
hace calor
es tarde
la una en punto
depende de ud.
OK
24B. SOME BASIC COMMON IDIOMS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
(Meanings can change)
Keep back
Keep in mind
Keep on
Keep out
Keep out of
Look for
Look into
Look over
Look up
Make clear
Make good
Make out
Make up
Make up your mind
Mix up
Now and again
Now and then
Off and on
On purpose
On the whole
On time
Once in a while
Out of order
Over and over
Pick out
Pick up
Point out
Put away
Put off
Put off
Put on
Put out
Put together
Put up
Quite a few
Wear out
retener
tener en mente
seguir
mantenerse afuera
prohibir entrada
buscar
examinar
revisar
mejorar
aclarar
cumplir
distiinguir
hacer
haga su voluntad
mesclar
una y otra vez
de vez en cuando
de vez en cuando
a propósito
del todo
a tiempo
de vez en cuando
fuera de uso
una y otra vez
seleccionar
recoger
señalar
botar
cancelar
apagar
ponerse
apagar
reunir
terminar
unos pocos
desgastar
Right away
See about
Set forth
So far
Take a walk
Take advantage
Take after
Take apart
Take care of
Take off
Take on
Take out
Take over
Take part
Take part in
Take place
Take turns
Take up
Take up with
Talk over
There are
There is
There was
There were
Throw away
Throw out
Time is over
Time is up
To be (x) years old.
To be angry.
To be hungry
To be over
To be thirsty
Try on
Turn off
Up to date
inmediatamente
ver
exponer
hasta la presente
caminar
tomar ventaja
parecerse a
separar
cuidar
quitarse
asumir
sacar
ocupar
participar
participar
tener lugar
turnarse
tomar
llevarsela con
discutir
hay
hay
había
había
botar
sacar
se acabo el tiempo
se acabo el tiempo
tener (x) años
estar enojado
tener hambre
acabar
tener sed
probarse
apagar
hasta la presente
24C. (TEXTS) USING SOME BASIC COMMON IDIOMS
OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE (Meanings can change)
The use of phrasal verbs (or idioms) (or two or more word verbs) is above all a very common way of expressing
in English. The idioms have different meanins. You can say “Please take off your hat” or “The plane can’t take
off because of the rain”. In the first case it referes to uncover the head and the second one about a plane that
can’t start its flight. At first it is a little difficult but with at least a couple of hours of practice you will be
ready to use them properly. I think you are getting ready for this practice. I advice you not to break down
your studies easily. If you give up you won’t learn a lot. Don’t be afraid of going wrong, nobody is perfect. If
you have a list of words or sentences for study you can cross out those you are understanding.
Any how it’s up to you to learn. You got to get along well with your mates. You have to be in time for your
practices. Don’t say it’s too hot or it’s too cold for not doing what you should do. Keep in mind the
importance of getting the knowledges in grammar competences. If there are words you don´t know you better
look for them in a good dictionary. You can make up many things if you have the decision for it. Make up
your mind but don’t offend any one. Remember that your rights end where those of your neighbor begins.
On purpose, you should practice more hours at home by yourself, take part in the role of playing dramas with
your classmates and friends. You should take up with every one, that is a good rule of politeness. Point out the
significance of knowing a second language. Don’t put out the flame of you interest, put on the suit of hard
work.
What things do you do in a common day? You wake up at five in the morning, then yo get up and go to take a
shower. You brush your teeth, and then you get dressed. Go down the stairs to the dining room and have
breakfast in a hurry because you´re late and have to get on a bus to go to your work. Near your office you get
off the bus and walk in a hurry to your office. There you sit down at your desk and jot down the objectives of
the day. You call up your secretay and ask her to digit some letters and have them sent by mail as soon as
possible. You are working hard the entire morning and by midday you are to come back home for eating and
resting. You get home and take off your clothes, watch news on T.V. and go to the dining room for having
lunch. Before two in the afternoon you go back to your work to finish the journey. At the office you pick up the
correspondence and read it all. Put apart the important ones and throw away the others. By five in the
afternoon you have a break and go to the self-service restaurant for having some tea or cold drink. Buy the
newspaper and read the profit-making news bulletin.
It doesn't matter by if you haven’t understood yet this practice. Never mind, you will be able to get it. Of
course! You have to work hard or you are wrong with your decitions. Don’t forget to check in and out your
activities in the schedule. You are heading for abetter comprehension of this language. Do you mind if I open
up your spirit for working? If you don't care for any of these experiences you won´t go ahead. Hold on! Don't
hang up the interest of your imagination. If you've got a terrible headache you should have a break and have
a pill.
25
VOCABULARIES
3
58
OK
25A. GENERAL VOCABULARY BRUSH UP (1a)
CARDINAL NUMBERS: one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen,
fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty; twenty one, twenty two, twenty three, twenty
four, twenty five, twenty six, twenty seven, twenty eight, twenty nine, thirty: Ten, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty,
sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety, [one] hundred; [one] thousand; [one] hundred thousand; [one] million
ORDINAL NUMBERS: first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh,
twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth, twentieth; twenty first,
twenty second, twenty third, twenty fourth, twenty fifth, twenty sixth, twenty seventh, twenty eighth, twenty
ninth, thirtieth; Tenth, twentieth, thirties, fortieth, fiftieth, sixtieth, seventieth, eightieth, ninetieth, [one]
hundredth; [one] thousandth, [one] millionth,
TIME: Clock, hour hand, minute hand, face, watch, o’clock, 9 to 10 , nine five, five past nine; Morning,
afternoon, midday, midnight, night, quarter, half, noon, [3:45] what time is it? (It’s three forty five) (It’s a
quarter to four) Now, yesterday, tomorrow, next week, last month, next year, last weekend, on Sunday, in the
winter, in December, the day before yesterday, the day after tomorrow; Frequency: ever, never, always,
seldom, rarely, usually; Weather: (Freezing, cold, temperate, hot); winter, autumn, spring, summer
PLACES: at home, in the office, at the restaurant, at the hotel, in the hospital, in the garage, at the university,
at the drugstore, in the supermarket, at the mall, in the church, at the cinema, at the theater, in the parking place,
at the bus station, at the airport, at the bus terminal, downtown, in the swimming pool, in the river, in the
library, in the room, in the classroom, in the school coliseum, in the kitchen, in the living room, in the
bathroom, in the bedroom, in the yard, in the patio, in the kitchen, on the street, in the avenue, in the park.
CALENDAR: Days: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday
Months; January, February, March, June, July, August, September, October, November, December; Holidays:
1st of May (Labor day), 25th of December (Christmas day), 1st of November (All saints day), 20th of July
(Independence day), 12th of October (Discovery of America), 7th of August (Boyaca’s battle), 6th of January
(Kings day), April (Holly week)
SHAPES: Cube, square, triangle, rectangle, circle, oval, ellipse, cylinder sphere, Long, depth, height, side,
width, length, diagonal, circumference, diameter, radius, parallel, spiral, perpendicular, hypotenuse,
MONEY: Dollar, dime, quarter, cent, penny, nickel, traveler’s check, money order, credit card, debit card,
teller, bank, bank vault, deposit, cash machine, withdrawal slip; euro, dollar.
GEOGRAPHY DESCRIPTIONS: Forest, lake, meadow, mountain, valley, waterfall, rapids, hill, field,
stream, pond, plateau, cliff, canyon, river, dam, desert, dune, jungle, seashore, bay, ocean, island, road, street,
avenue, diagonal, gulf, map, globe, atlas, state, city, town, village, peak, snow crested, oasis, sea, ocean,
POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY: America, south America, Europe, north America, Asia, Africa, England,
United States, Germany, Italy, France, Spain, Cuba, Mexico, Canada, Japan, China, India,
WORKERS, ARTISTS, AND PROFESSIONALS: Actor, actress, artist, model, painter, cartoonist, pianist, singer,
Architect, computer programmer, lawyer, accountant, pilot, teacher, translator, Pharmacist, veterinarian,
scientist, doctor, pediatrician, nurse, dentist, journalist, Assembler, baker, barber, bookkeeper, bricklayer,
bus driver, butcher, carpenter, cashier, chef, cook, construction worker, messenger, custodian, data
processor, delivery person, electrician, farmer, firefighter, fireman, fisherman, foreman, gardener, mechanic,
newscaster, photographer, plumber, police officer, real estate agent, receptionist, repairman, salesman,
seamstress, secretary, security guard, clerk, tailor, taxi driver, travel agent, waiter, welder, car dealer, typist,
hunter, window washer, sanitation worker, truck driver, welder, florist, secretary, teller, hairdresser, barber,
tailor, customer, shopper, cashier, cash register
EMOTIONAL AND PHYSICAL STATES: Tired, sleepy, exhausted, active, hot, cold, hungry, thirsty, full, sick, ill,
happy, sad, unhappy, pleased, displeased, disappointed, upset, annoyed, frustrated, angry, mad furious,
disgusted, surprised, shocked, nervous, worried, scared, afraid, bored, proud, embarrassed, ashamed,
jealous, confused, miserable, determined, shy, suspicious, introverted, extroverted,
RELATIVES (family): Great grand father (mother), grand father(mother), father, mother, brother, grand
(children/son/daughter/), sister, uncle, aunt, son, daughter, cousin, nephew, husband, wife,
father/mother/son/daughter-in-law
THE BODY: Face, hair, eye, ear, nose, mouth, lip, chin, chest, stomach, arm, forearm, writs, hand, finger,
thumb, nail, leg, thigh, knee, shin, foot, toe, head, neck, back, shoulder, upper arm, elbow, waist, hip,
buttocks, palm calf, ankle, heel, forehead, temple, eyebrow eyelid, eyelash, pupil cheek,. Mustache, tooth,
beard, tongue, brain, artery, vein, throat, lung, heart, liver, gall bladder, small intestine, tissue, bone
SUPERMARKET: Check-out area, , checkbook, groceries, packer, bag, sack, frozen (vegetables-dinner, juicemeat-chicken), yogurt, cheese, eggs, margarine, butter, milk, canned goods, bacon, roast, pork chops,
chicken, roaster, ground meat, steak, lamb chops, fish, shrimp, bread, cereal cookies, crackers, macaroni, rice,
peas; Steak, baked potatoes, roast beef, stuffed tomatoes, pork chops, spaghettis, meatballs, roast chicken,
baked beans, hero sandwich, roast beef sandwich, pizza, fried squid, fried chicken, potato chips, tortilla chips,
pretzels, popcorn, peanuts, candy bar, chewing gum donut, milk shake, hamburger, hot dog, French fries,
onion rings, mustard, ketchup relish, pickles; (Tomato-orange-papaya-custard apple-strawberries-pineapplecucumber-watermelon)juice; Apple, pear, grapes, kiwis, mango, coconuts, avocado, banana, nectarines,
plums, cherries, apricots, lemons, limes, grapefruits, oranges, pineapples, papayas, peaches, strawberries,
raspberries, watermelon, custard apple, pineapple, peaches, apple pie, chocolate cake, ice cream, jelly;
Lettuce, green onions, radish, watercress, tomatoes, cucumbers, celery, (yellow-green-red) pepper, potatoes,
(red-pearl) onions, cauliflower, spinach, garlic, (green-string) beans, eggplants, asparagus, broccoli, ginger,
cabbage; Coffee, Chocolate, tea, milk, juice, soft drink, soda, lemonade, beer, whisky, syrup, water
ADJECTIVES:
Afraid, bad, big, black, blind, blue, bright, broad, brown, busy, certain, clean, clear, cold, cool, dark,
dear, deep, different, direct, distant, double, easy, eight, electric, fair, famous, fat, first, five, foreign, four, fresh, full,
gentle, glad, good, great, green, happy, hard, heavy, height, high, hot, humble, hungry, ill, kind, large, left, little, long,
loud, low, mad, middle, necessary, nervous, new, nice, old, one, pleasant, poor, possible, pretty, probable, proud, public,
pure, quick, quiet, ready, real, red, rich, sad, safe, second, seven, short, sick, simple, single, six, slow, small, soft, sorry,
special, straight, strange, strong, sweet, talk, tall, ten, thick, thin, third, three, twelve, twenty, two, warm, weak, white,
wide, wild, wise, worth, wrong, yellow, young, next, sure, half, important, forward, human, dead, due, equal, past, perfect
NOUNS: Account, age, air, amount, anger, animal, apple, arm, army, art, article, baby, bag, ball, bandit, bank,
basket, battle, bay, bean, bear, beauty, bed, bell, bill, bird, bit, blood, board, boat, body, bone, book, bottom,
box, boy, branch, bread, bridge, brother, bug, building, bus, business, butter, cake, captain, car, case, cent,
center, century, chain, chair, chance, Character, chief, child, children, church, circle, city, class, clock, cloth,
clothes, cloud, club, coal, coat, college, color, command, company, condition, corn, corner, country, course,
cup, daughter, day, deal, decision, degree, dinner, doctor, dog, dollar, door, duty, ear, earth, east, edge, effort,
egg, enemy, evening, experience, eye, face, fact, fall, family, farm, father, favor, feet, fellow, fence, field, finger,
floor, flower, food, fool, foot, force, forest, friend, front, fruit, future, game, garden, gate, general, gentlemen, gift,
girl, glass, god, good-bye, grain, grave, gravy, group, gun, hair, hall, hat, head, health, heart, heaven, hill,
history, hole, home, honor, horse, hour, house, hundred, husband, ice, idea, inch, income, industry, interest,
iron, island, job, journey, joy, king, kiss, kitchen, knee, lady, lake, land, law, leg, length, letter, life, line, lip, lord,
loss, lot, machine, mail, man, manner, march, market, master, material, matter, measure, meat, meeting,
member, men, method, mile, milk, mill, million, mind, minute, modern, moment, money, month, moon, morning,
mother, mountain, mouth, Mr., Mrs., mud, music, name, nation, nature, neck, neighbor, news, night, nine, noise,
noon, north, nose, note, number, object, ocean, office, oil, opinion, order, page, pain, pair, paper, part, party,
peace, people, period, person, picture, piece, plain, pleasure, point, position, post, president, price, problem,
purpose, quarter, queen, question, race, reason, result, rifle, rim, river, road, rock, room, rose, round, row, salt,
scene, school, sea, season, seat, seed, sense, service, shade, shape, ship, shirt, shoe, shop, shore, shot,
shoulder, side, sight, sign, silver, sister, size, skin, sky, soil, soldier, son, song, soul, south, space, spirit, spot,
square, St., star, station, stock, stone, storm, story, stream, street, strength, sugar, suit, summer, sun, system,
table, tail, taste, thing, thousand, time, top, town, trade, train, tree, trip, trouble, true, trust, uncle, valley, value,
view, village, voice, wagon, wall, war, water, way, weather, week, weight, west, wheat, wheel, wife, wind,
window, wing, winter, woman, women, wood, word, world, yard, year, care, fancy, fine, today, tomorrow,
yesterday, self, cause, change, charge, cook, date, delight, demand, desire, device, doubt, dream, dress, dust,
end, fear, fight, figure, fish, fly, hand, heat, hope, join, judge, lie, light, list, mark, miss, need, notice, pass, place,
plan, plant, power, pray, present, press, rain, rule, shout, show, sort, sound, spring, state, step, store, strike,
subject, success, supply, surprise, tie, travel, visit, wave.
ADVERBS: able, almost, already, also, always, away, beat, best, better, early, especially, fast, likely, lonely,
often, once, only, perhaps, soon, alone, ever, never, always, rarely, seldom, usually, frequently, late, well, bad,
happily, sadly, honestly, proudly, properly
VERBS: abort, accept, act, add, admit, advance, agree, allow, am, answer, appear, are, arrive, ask, attempt, be,
became, become, been, began, begin, being, believe, belong, bless, blow, born, break, breath, bring, broken,
brought, build, built, burn, buy, call, came, can, can’t, carry, catch, caught, choose, come, complete, consider,
contain, continue, cost, could, cut, dance, dare, decide, declare, destroy, did, die, discover, divide, do , does,
done, dry, eat, enjoy, enter, escape, expect, explain, express, fail, feed, feel, fell, fill, find, finish, fix, follow,
forget, found, free, gain, gather, gave, get, give, given, go, gone, got, govern, grew, ground, grow, guard, guess,
had, hang, happen, has, have, hear, heard, held, hold, hunt, hurry, hurt, include, is, jump, keep, kept, kill, knew,
know, known, laugh, lay, lead, learn, lease, leave, led, let, listen, live, look, lose, lost, made, make, marry, may,
mean, meet, met, might, move, pick, prepare, prove, pull, put, raise, ran, reach, read, realize, receive, remain,
remember, reply, require, roll, run, rush, sat, save, saw, say, see, seek, seem, seen, sell, send, sent, separate,
serve, set, settle, shake, shall, share, shine, should, sing, sit, sleep, sold, speak, spend, spoke, spread, start,
stick, stood, stop, suffer, suppose, take, taken, teach, tear, tell, thank, think, threw, throw, told, took, try,
understand, vary, wait, walk, want, was, wash, watch, wear, went, were, will, won’t, wonder, would, write, pay,
close, please, control, count, cover, cross, crowd, cry, drink, drive, drop, felt, fire, firm, fit, form, guide, help, hit,
increase, lift, love, must, offer, open, ought, paint, play, produce, promise, report, rest, return, rise, sail, smile,
smoke, snow, stand, stay, study, thought, touch, turn, use, wish, work
FUNCTION WORDS: a, about, above, according to, across, after, again, against, ago, all, along, although,
among, an, and, another, any, around, as, at, back, because, before, behind, below, beside, between, beyond,
both, but, by, down, during, each, either, else, enough, even,. Ever, every, few, from, further, he, her, here, him,
his, how, however, I, if, in, indeed, instead, into, it, its, just, last, late, least, less, many, e, mine, more, most,
much, my, near, neither, never, no, none, nor, not, nothing, now, oh, or, other, our, quite, rather, same, several,
she, since, so, some, still, such, sudden, than, that, the, their, them, then, there, therefore, these, they, this,
those, though, through, till, together, too, toward, until, us, usual, very, we, what, when, where, whether, which,
while, who, whole, whom, whose, why, with, within, without, you, your, far, well, yes, yet, hello, except, for, of,
off, on, out, outside, over, to, under, up, upon, own,
PRONOUNS: I, you, he she, it, we, you, they; me, you, him her, it, us, you, them; mine, yours, his hers, Its,
ours, yours, theirs; myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves;
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES: my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their
25B. COMMON EXPRESSIONS IN ENGLISH [a]
English
Good morning
Good afternoon
Good evening
Good night
Good bye
So long!
Hi (Hello)!
How are you?
How are you doing?
I am well (fine), thank you
Where are you from?
What do you do?
Do you speak Spanish?
What's your name?
It doesn't matter
Never mind
Congratulations!
May I introduce myself?
Thank you. -You are welcome
Excuse me, please
I am sorry
Really?
Of course!
Sure
That's too bad
What happened?
What does that mean?
You are right
You are wrong
I guess so
I don't think so
I want a one-way (round-trip) ticket to Dallas
I would like to reserve a flight for Chicago
When should I confim the flight ?
Is it a direct flight?
Is there a stopover?
When does the plane leave (arrive)?
Do I have to change planes?
How long before the flight must I check in?
To the airport, please
Which gate must I go to?
What's my flight number?
Is the plane delayed (on time)?
Look at the timetable
Do you have your boarding pass?
Where is my seat (baggage)?
Fasten your belts please!
The plane is landing (taking off)
I have nothing to declare
Español
Buen día, buenos días
Buenas tardes
Buenas noches (saludar)
Buenas noches (al despedirse)
Chau
Hasta luego!
Hola!
¿Cómo estás?
¿Cómo te va?
Estoy bien, gracias
¿De dónde es Ud?
¿Qué hace Ud? ¿A qué se dedica?
¿Habla Ud español?
¿Cuál es su nombre? ¿Cómo se llama Ud?
No importa
No importa
¡Felicitaciones!
¿Puedo presentarme?
Gracias. -De nada
Disculpe, por favor
Lo siento
¿En serio?
¡Por supuesto!
Seguro
¡Qué lástima!
¿Qué pasó?
¿Qué significa eso?
Ud. tiene razón
Ud. está equivocado
Creo que sí
Creo que no
Quiero un boleto de ida (de ida y vuelta) a Dallas
Quisiera reservar un vuelo a Chicago
¿Cuándo debería confirmar el vuelo?
¿Es un vuelo directo?
¿Hay una escala?
¿Cuándo sale (llega) el avión?
¿Tengo que cambiar aviones?
¿Cuánto tiempo antes del vuelo debo registrarme?
Al aeropuerto, por favor.
¿A qué puerta debo ir?
¿Cuál es el número de mi vuelo?
¿Está demorado (en tiempo) el avión?
Mire el horario de vuelos
¿Tiene Ud. su pase de abordar?
¿Dónde está mi asiento (equipaje)?
Abróchense los cinturones, por favor!
El avión está aterrizando (despegando)
No tengo nada que declarar
25B. COMMON EXPRESSIONS IN ENGLISH [b]
Is it necessary to make a reservation?
Do you have any rooms available?
What's the daily (weekly) rate?
Is there air conditioning (heating) in the room?
I would like a single (double) room
I'd like a room with twin beds
Is breakfast included in the price?
Where can I park my car?
Could I see the room?
OK, I'll take it
My room key please
This room is too small (noisy/dark)
Could you wake me up at 7 a.m.?
Where can I leave my valuables?
What time do I have to check out?
Can I pay with traveler's checks (credit c.)?
Could she bring some towels up to my room?
Is there a laundry (dry-cleaning) service?
I’d like to make a reservation for this evening
I would like a table near the window
Could you call the waiter (waitress) please?
Could you bring me the menu, please?
Where are the rest rooms?
I would like to order now
What do you recommend?
May I have a bottle of wine (beer, soda)?
Excuse me, I have no spoon (knife,fork)
These napkins are dirty
May you bring more rolls (toasts) please?
I'll have a steak with French fries
Would you like anything to drink?
What kind of desserts do you have?
Waiter, the check please
Can we pay separately?
Thank you. Keep the change
How much is the round-trip (one-way) ticket?
What's the fare to Chicago?
What time does the bus (train) leave (arrive)?
From what platform does the (bus) leave?
How long does it take from here to Chicago?
Is this the bus to New York?
Will I have to change buses (trains)?
Could you show me the schedule please?
Is the bus (train) delayed (on schedule)?
Can I buy a map here?
I missed the bus (train)
Excuse me, but you are sitting in my seat
Where are you heading for?
Must we change buses at this terminal?
How long does the bus (train) stop here?
¿Es necesario hacer una reserva?
¿Tiene Ud. habitaciones disponibles?
¿Cuál es la tarifa diaria (semanal)?
¿Hay aire acondicionado (calefección) en la habitación?
Quisiera un cuarto sencillo (cama doble)
Quisiera un cuarto con camas gemelas
¿El desayuno está incluído en el precio?
¿Donde puedo estacionar mi auto?
¿Podría ver la habitación?
OK. La tomaré
La llave de mi cuarto, por favor
La habitación es demasiado pequeña (ruidosa, oscura)
¿Podría despertarme a las 7 de la mañana?
¿Dónde puedo dejar mis objetos de valor?
¿A qué hora tengo que irme del hotel?
¿Puedo pagar con cheques de viajero (tarjeta de crédito)
¿Podría ella traer algunas toallas a mi cuarto?
¿Hay un servicio de lavandería (tintorería)?
Quisiera hacer una reserva para esta noche
Quisiera una mesa cerca de la ventana
¿Podría llamar al camarero (camarera) por favor?
¿Podría traerme el menú, por favor?
¿Donde están los baños?
Quisiera ordenar ahora
¿Qué recomienda Ud?
¿Podría traerme una botella de vino (cerveza, gaseosa)?
Disculpe. No tengo cuchara (cuchillo, tenedor)
Las servilletas están sucias
¿Podría traerme más panecillos (tostadas) por favor?
Comeré un bife con papas fritas
¿Desea Ud. algo para tomar?
¿Qué clase de postres tienen?
Camarero, la cuenta por favor
¿Podemos pagar separadamente?
Gracias. Guárdese el cambio
¿Cuánto cuesta un boleto de ida y vuelta (de ida)?
¿Cuánto cuesta el boleto a Chicago?
¿A qué hora sale (llega) el autobús (tren)?
¿De qué plataforma sale el (bus) ?
¿Cuánto tiempo toma desde aquí hasta Chicago?
¿És este el autobús a New York?
¿Tendré que cambiar autobuses (trenes)?
¿Podría mostrarme el itinerario, por favor?
¿Está el autobús (tren) retrasado (en tiempo)?
¿Puedo comprar un mapa aquí?
Perdí el autobús (tren)
Disculpe, pero Ud. está sentado en mi asiento
¿Hacia dónde se está dirigiendo Ud.?
¿Debemos cambiar de bus en esta terminal?
¿Cuánto tiempo se detiene el bus (tren) aquí?
25B. COMMON EXPRESSIONS IN ENGLISH [c]
What's the next stop?
How many more stops before we arrive?
I can't find my baggage! It is missing
Do I have to get off here?
Is there a bus stop around here?
Where can I get a taxi (cab)?
Is there a subway entrance nearby?
How often do the buses run?
I think every 10 minutes
I need to take the subway (a bus, a taxi-cab)
How much is the bus fare?
Can you give me a transfer please?
How many passengers can you take in this cab?
I want to go to...
Please take me to...
I need to get to the airport as quick as possible
Could you drive faster please?
Do you mind if I open the window?
I get off here
What is the next stop?
How much is it?
Thanks. Keep the change
Where is the nearest shopping center
(supermarket)?
How do I get there?
What time does the market open (close)?
Where is the men's (ladies') clothing
department?
(Furniture/ baggage/ footware/ cosmetics/
lingerie) department
Take the elevator to the third floor
I want to buy a gift for my girlfriend
How much is this article?
Ask the saleswoman (salesman)
How much is it?
How much does it cost?
How much do you charge for this?
This is too expensive. Don't you have something
cheaper?
Could you show me a bigger (smaller/nicer)
one?
May I try this dress on?
Where are the trying rooms?
This doesn't fit me. I want a bigger one
Are these articles on sale ?
I don't care for any of these
Please, can you wrap it up?
Can I pay by credit card?
Is there a post office nearby?
¿Cuál es la próxima parada?
¿Cuántas paradas más antes de que lleguemos?
No puedo encontrar mi equipaje! Está faltando
¿Tengo que bajarme aquí?
¿Hay una parada de autobús por aquí?
¿Dónde puedo conseguir un taxi?
¿Hay alguna entrada al subterráneo por aquí cerca?
¿Con qué frecuencia pasan los autobuses?
Creo que cada 10 minutos
Necesito tomar el subterráneo (un autobús, un taxi)
¿Cuánto está el precio del boleto del bus?
¿Podría darme un pase para transbordar, por favor?
¿Cuántos pasajeros puede llevar en este taxi?
Quiero ir a...
Por favor, lléveme a...
Necesito llegar al aeropuerto lo antes posible
¿Podría conducir más rápido por favor?
¿Le importa si abro la ventanilla?
Me bajo aquí
¿Cuál es la próxima parada?
¿Cuánto es?
Gracias. Guarde el cambio
¿Dónde queda el shopping center (supermercado) más
cercano?
¿Cómo llego hasta allí?
¿A qué hora abre (cierra) el mercado?
¿Dónde queda el departamento de ropa de hombres (de
mujeres)?
Departamento de (muebles, equipaje, calzados,
cosméticos, lencería)
Tome la el ascensor al tercer piso
Quiero comprar un regalo para mi novia
¿Cuánto cuesta este artículo?
Pregúntele a la vendedora (vendedor)
¿Cuánto es?
¿Cuánto cuesta?
¿Cuánto cobran por esto?
Esto es demasiado caro. ¿No tiene algo más barato?
¿Podría mostrarme uno más grande (más pequeño/ más
lindo)?
¿Podría probarme este vestido?
¿Dónde están los probadores?
Este no me queda. Quiero uno más grande
¿Estos artículos están en oferta?
No me gusta ninguno de estos
Por favor. ¿Puede envolverlo?
¿Puedo pagar con tarjeta de crédito?
¿Hay una oficina postal cerca de aquí?
25B. COMMON EXPRESSIONS IN ENGLISH [d]
What time does it open?
I need some stamps for this letter
Is there any mail for me?
I want to send it via air-mail please
Could you weigh this package for me please?
How long does it take to get to Argentina?
Where is the mailbox?
I don't know the Zip-Code of this city
I want to register these letters
Can I send a money order from here?
Can you help me fill out this form please?
Where can I buy envelopes?
How can I send this the quickest?
Operator, I wish to make a long distance call.
Operator, I wish to make a collect call.
I'd like to speak to Mr. Simpson please.
Could you speak louder please?
Could you speak more slowly please?
Could you spell that for me please?
Could you call back later please?
Could I leave a message?
I need a phone directory
I need to know the area-code for Miami
Where can I find a pay phone?
Hold on! Don't hang up!
Who is calling?
Wrong number
The line is busy
You must dial this number...
I would like to make an appointment to see
the doctor
I am not feeling well
I am feeling very sick (ill)
What are the symptoms?
I've got a terrible (earache, stomach ache,
headache, toothache)
I've got a terrible (flu, cold, cough)
I've got a broken (fractured ) arm (leg)
My whole body hurts
I have a pain in my back (chest)
I have been feeling dizzy and sweating a lot
I will check your blood pressure
I have chills (nausea, diarrhea, fever, allergy)
I have a burn (a cut, an insect bite)
Is it serious?
Must I follow a diet?
Must I stay in bed?
Will you give me a prescription?
¿A qué hora abre?
Necesito algunas estampillas para esta carta
¿Hay alguna correspondencia para mí?
Quiero enviarla por correo aéreo, por favor
¿Podría Ud. pesarme este paquete por favor?
¿Cuánto tiempo tarda en llegar a Argentina?
¿Dónde está el buzón?
No sé el código postal de esta ciudad
Quiero certificar estas cartas
¿Puedo enviar un giro postal desde aquí?
¿Puede Ud ayudarme a rellenar este formulario por favor?
¿Dónde puedo comprar sobres para cartas?
¿Cómo puedo enviar esto, lo más rápido posible?
Operadora. Deseo hacer una llamada de larga distancia
Operadora. Deseo hacer una llamada por cobrar
Quisiera hablar con el señor Simpson por favor
¿Podría Ud. hablar más fuerte por favor?
¿Podría Ud. hablar más lento por favor?
¿Podría deletrearme eso por favor?
¿Podría Ud. llamar de nuevo más tarde por favor?
¿Podría dejar un mensaje?
Necesito una guía de teléfonos
Necesito saber el código de área de Miami
¿Dónde puedo encontrar un teléfono público?
¡Aguarde! ¡No corte!
¿Quién está llamando?
Número equivocado
La línea está ocupada
Ud. debe marcar este número...
Quisiera un turno para ver al doctor
No me estoy sintiendo bien
Me estoy sintiendo muy enfermo
¿Cuáles son los síntomas?
Tengo un terrible dolor (de oído, de estómago, de cabeza,
de muelas)
Tengo una terrible (gripe, resfriado, tos)
Tengo un brazo (pierna) rota (fracturada)
Me duele todo mi cuerpo
Tengo un dolor en mi espalda (pecho)
Me he estado sintiendo mareado y sudando mucho
Revisaré su presión sanguínea
Tengo escalofríos (náuseas, diarrea, fiebre, alergia)
Tengo una quemadura (un corte, una picadura de insecto)
¿Es grave?
¿Debo seguir una dieta?
¿Debo quedarme en cama?
¿Me dará una receta para la farmacia?
25B. COMMON EXPRESSIONS IN ENGLISH [e]
What medicine should I take?
May I help you?
I would like something for a sunburn (a sore
throat, a cold, a fever, an indigestion, a
constipation, a headache)
Could I have some sleeping pills?
May I have a bottle of vitamin C?
I would like some aspirins and a laxative
Do you want a large or small bottle (package,
box, tube)?
I want a tube of shaving cream (toothpaste)
please
I would like a box of cough drops
I'd like a box of condoms
Here you are. That'll be $12.50
Where is the nearest bank?
Where can I find an ATM?
Can I cash these traveler's checks here?
Can I cash personal checks here?
I would like to open up a current account
Could you give me some change?
I need some coins (small bills)
I want to withdraw (deposit) some money
How much is the rate of exchange?
Do I have to endorse (sign) this check?
I need to make a bank draft
I would like to send money to Argentina
Which window should I go to?
Do you have some painkillers?
Do I need a prescription for this medicine?
I need a bandage, alcohol and iodine please
I would like to apply for a loan
What are the interest rates?
Where can I get an entertainment guide of
this city?
Where is the ticket-office?
Are there any seats left?
I want two tickets please
Do we have to wait in line to buy the tickets?
Where are our seats?
Must we tip the usher?
Which orchestra (band) is playing?
What's on at the movies tonight?
What time does the (show) (start)?
How long does it last?
What kind of film is it?
It is a horror (science fiction, war) film
It is a thriller (western, cartoon, comedy,
musical)
What is it about?
The plot (script) is very good
Who is the main actor (actress)?
¿Qué remedio debo tomar?
¿Puedo ayudarlo?
Quisiera algo para una quemadura (un dolor de garganta,
un resfriado, fiebre, una indigestión, una gripa, un dolor de
cabeza)
¿Me podría dar pastillas para dormir?
¿Me podría dar una botella de vitamina C?
Quisiera algunas aspirinas y un laxante
¿Quiere Ud. un frasco (paquete, caja, pomo) grande o
chico?
Quiero un tubo de crema de afeitar (dentífrico) por favor
Quisiera una cajita de pastillas para la tos
Quisiera una cajita de condones
Aquí tiene Ud. Son $12.50
¿Dónde queda el banco más cercano?
¿Dónde puedo encontrar un cajero electrónico?
¿Puedo cobrar aquí estos cheques de viajero?
¿Puedo cobrar aquí cheques personales?
Quisiera abrir una cuenta corriente
¿Me podría dar algo de cambio?
Necesito algunas monedas (billetes chicos)
Quiero retirar (depositar) algo de dinero
¿Cuál es el tipo de cambio?
¿Tengo que endosar (firmar) este cheque?
Necesito hacer un giro bancario
Quisiera enviar dinero a Argentina
¿A qué ventanilla debería ir?
¿Tiene algunos calmantes?
¿Necesito una receta médica para este remedio?
Necesito un vendaje, alcohol y yodo, por favor
Quisiera solicitar un préstamo
¿Cuáles son las tasas de interés?
¿Dónde puedo obtener una guía de entretenimientos de
esta ciudad?
¿Dónde está la oficina de boletería?
¿Quedan asientos?
Quiero dos boletos, por favor
¿Tenemos que hacer cola para comprar los boletos?
¿Dónde están nuestros asientos?
¿Debemos dar propina al acomodador?
¿Qué orquesta (banda) está tocando?
¿Qué hay en el cine esta noche?
¿A qué hora (comienza) (el espectáculo)?
¿Cuánto tiempo dura?
¿Qué clase de película es?
Es una película de terror (de ciencia ficción, de guerra)
Es una película de acción (una del oeste, una de dibujos
animados, una comedia, un musical)
¿De qué se trata?
La trama (el guión) es muy bueno
¿Quién es el actor (actriz) principal?
25C. GENERAL ENGLISH PRACTICE[a]
Is this an [umbrella]?
1 Esta es una sombrilla
Is that a [long ruler]?
2 Esa es una regla larga
Are these [green windows]?
3 Estas son ventanas verdes
Are those [cheap apples]?
4 Aquellas son manzanas baratas
Is it an [ugly dog]?
5 Es un perro feo
Is it a [main door]?
6 Es una puerta principal
Are they the [old notebooks]?
7 Son los cuadernos viejos
Is there a [paper on the desk]?
8 Hay un documento sobre el escritorio
Are there [two red pens on the floor]?
9 Hay dos lapiceros rojos en el piso
Was there a [new pencil in the drawer?
10 Había un lápiz nuevo en la gaveta
Were there [three machines there]?
11 Había tres máquina acá
Will there be a [teacher at home]?
12 Habrá un profesor en casa
Could there be a [doctor at the office]?
13 Podría haber un doctor en la oficina
Are you [drinking] your [coffee]?
14 Te estás tomando tu café?
Is he [painting] his [house]?
15 El está pintando su casa?
Am I [doing] my [homework]?
16 Estoy haciendo mi tarea?
Was he [writing] a [letter]?
17 El estaba escribiendo una carta?
Were you [reading] a [book]?
18 Usted estaba leyendo un libro?
Do you [see] your [tests]?
19 Ves tus exámenes?
Does she [watch] her [kids]?
20 Ella vigila a sus hijos?
Did they [eat] their [bananas]?
21 Ellos se comieron sus bananas?
Will he [jump] our [desk]?
22 El saltará nuestro escritorio?
Are you going to [travel next month]?
23 Vas a viajar el próximo mes?
Was he going to [draw a map]?
24 El iba a dibujar un mapa?
Were you going to [see a movie]?
25 Usted iba a ver una película?
Would she [fly] to their [cities]?
26 Ella volaría a sus ciudades?
Can you [do] it yourself?
27 Puedes hacerlo tu mismo?
Could they [do] it themselves?
28 Ellos mismos pudieron hacerlo?
May I [try] it myself?
29 Puedo intentarlo por mí mismo?
Might he [make] it himself?
30 El mismo podría hacerlo?
Shall I [type] them?
31 Yo los escribiré?
Should he [visit a doctor] now?
32 El debería visitar a un doctor ahora?
Must she [prepare] them herself?
33 Ella misma debe prepararlos?
Have you [sung the hymn]?
34 Has cantando el himno?
Has she [done the homeworks]?
35 Ella ha hecho las tareas?
Had they [played tennis] here?
36 Ellos había jugado tenis aquí?
Will they have [learned the words]?
37 Ellos habrán aprendido las palabras?
Have you been [working]?
38 Usted ha estado trabajando?
Has he been [walking] there?
39 El ha estado caminando allí?
Had she been [selling newspapers]?
40 Ella había estado vendiendo periódicos?
Will they have been [studying] hard?
41 Ellos habrán estado estudiando duro
25C. GENERAL ENGLISH PRACTICE [b]
Are those [pink desks] his?
Aquellos escritorios rosados son de él.
Is that [fancy bag] yours?
Ese bolso de fantasía es tuyo.
Is this [mouse] hers?
Este ratón es de ella.
Are the [bad tests] ours?
Los exámenes malos son nuestros.
Are the [good scores] theirs?
Los puntajes buenos son de ellos.
Is the [clean water] its?
El agua limpia es de este.
Is John’s watch [beside the notebook]?
El reloj de John está al lado del cuaderno
Is Pete’s clock [next to the sofa]?
El reloj de Pedro está al lado del sofá
Are Mary’s cats [under the tree]?
Los gatos de María están bajo el árbol
How many [dollars] do you [have]?
Cuántos dólares tienes?
I [have] a [million dollars].
Tengo un millón de dólares
How much [sugar] do you [need]?
Cuánta azúcar necesitas?
I [need] a [kilo of sugar]
Necesito un kilo de azúcar
Is there any [coffee in the kitchen]?
Hay café en la cocina?
Yes, there is a [pound of coffee].
Sí, hay una libra de café
What time is it?
Qué hora es?
It’s [six] o’clock.
Son las seis en punto.
How old [are you]?
Cuantos años tienes?
[I’m] 14 years old
Tengo catorce años
Where were you born?
Donde naciste?
I was born in [Cucuta].
Nací en Cúcuta
What’s your addres?
Cuál es tu dirección?
It´s [4-55 7th street, Caobos]
Es calle 7ª, N° 4-55, Los Caobos
What do you [do at home]?
Qué haces en casa?
I [play chess at home]
Juego ajedrez en casa
Where did you [learn French]?
Dónde aprendiste Francés?
I [learned French in France].
Aprendí Francés en Francia
When will you [go to USA]?
Cuándo irás a EE UU
I will [go to USA next year]
Iré a EE UU el próximo año
Why have you worn [old shoes]?
Por qué has usado zapatos viejos?
Because they’re [smooth]
Porque son suaves
Who [performs the act]?
Quién hace el acto?
[Fanny performs the act]
Fanny hace el acto.
Which [singer do you prefer]?
Cuál cantante prefieres?
I [prefer Shakira]
Prefiero a Shakira
Whose [jacket] do you like best?
Cuál chaqueta te gusta más?
I like [Henry’s Jacket]
Me gusta la chaqueta de Henry
How long ago did you [visit Athens]
Cuánto hace que visitaste Atenas?
I [visited] it [four years ago]
La visité hace cuatro años
You like to [read], don’t you?
Te gusta leer, no es verdad?
Yes, I like to [read]
Sí, me gusta leer
You don’t like to [write], do you?
No te gusta escribir, cierto?
No, I don’t like to [write]
No, no me gusta escribir.
25D TIME EXPRESSIONS
Afternoon
April
August
Century
Day
Decade
December
early morning
Era
Eternity
Evening
fall / autumn
February
Friday
Hour
At night
At noon
Every week
In a week\'s time
In the afternoon
In the early morning
In the evening
in the morning
last Friday
last month
last night
last week
last year
January
July
June
March
May
Midnight
Millennium
Minute
Monday
Month
Morning
Night
Noon
November
October
next Friday
next week
next year
the day after
the day after tomorrow
the day before
the day before yesterday
this evening
this Friday
this month
this week
this year
Saturday
Second
September
Summer
Sunday
Sunrise
Sunset
Thursday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Week
Winter
Year
At dawn
At dusk
three weeks ago
today
tomorrow
tomorrow afternoon
tomorrow evening
tomorrow morning
tonight
two days ago
two days earlier
two days later
yesterday
yesterday evening
yesterday morning
small - pequeño
tall - alto
young - joven
long - largo
big - grande
fat - gordo
lazy - perezoso, vago
funny - gracioso, divertido
happy - feliz, alegre
crazy - loco
noisy - ruidoso
25E-1. SHORT ADJECTIVES
smaller - más pequeño
taller - más alto
younger - más joven
longer - más largo
bigger - más grande
fatter - más gordo
lazier - más vago
funnier - más divertido
happier - más feliz
crazier - más loco
noisier - más ruidoso
(the) smallest – el más pequeño
(the) tallest- el más alto
(the) youngest – el más joven
(the) longest – el más largo
(the) biggest- el más grande
(the) fattest- el más gordo
the laziest- el más vago
the funniest- el más divertido
the happiest- el más feliz
the craziest- el más loco
the noisiest- el más ruidoso
expensive - caro
modern - moderno
beautiful - hermoso
elegant - elegante
interesting - interesante
dangerous - peligroso
25E-2. LONG ADJECTIVES
more expensive
more modern
more beautiful
more elegant
more interesting
more dangerous
the most expensive- el más caro
the most modern
the most beautiful
the most elegant
the most interesting
the most dangerous
25E-3. ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
ADJECTIVE
Alive - vivo
Asleep - dormido
Beauty- hermoso
Sweet - dulce
Black - negro
White - blanco
Dark - oscuro
Dead - muerto
Deep - profundo
Difficult - difícil
Dirty - sucio
Clean - limpio
Fat - gordo
Full - lleno
VERB
To live- vivir
To sleep - dormir
To beautify - embellecer
To sweeten - endulzar
To blacken - ennegrecer
To whiten - blanquear
To darken - oscurecer
To die - morir
To deepen - profundizar
To complicate - dificultar
To dirty - ensuciar
To clean - limpiar
To fatten - engordar
To fill - llenar
ADJECTIVE
Empty - vacío
Hard - duro
Soft - blando
Sick - enfermo
Low - bajo
Hot - caliente
Long - largo
Short - corto
Rich - rico
Poor - pobre
Simple - simple
Straight - derecho
b - fuerte
Wide - ancho
VERB
To empty - vaciar
To harden - endurecer
To soften - ablandar
To Sicken - enfermar
To lower - bajar
To heat - calentar
To lengthen - alargar
To shorten - acortar
To enrich - enriquecer
To impoverish – empobrecer
To simplify - simplificar
To straighten - enderezar
To strenghen - débil
To widen - ensanchar
25E-4. ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
ADJECTIVE
Careful - ciudadoso
Slow - lento
Strong - fuerte
Simple - simple
Bad - mal
Frecuent - frecuente
ADVERB
Carefully - cuidadoso
Slowly - lentamente
Strongly - fuertemente
Simply - simplemente
Badly - malamente
Frecuently - frecuentemente
Good - bueno
Hard - duro
Well - bien
Hard - duramente
ADJECTIVE
Clear - claro
Possible - posible
Probable - probable
Deep - profundo
Quick - rápido
Normal - normal
Fast - rápido
ADVERB
Clearly - claramente
Possibly - posiblemente
Probably - probablemente
Deeply - profundamente
Quickly - rápidamente
Normally - normalmente
Fast - rápidamente
25E-5. ADJECTIVES AND NOUNS
ADJECTIVES
Long - largo
Short - corto
Big - grande
/ Small - pequeño
Heavy - pesado /
Light - liviano
Deep - profundo /
Shallow - poco profundo
Wide - ancho /
NOUNS
ADJECTIVES
NOUNS
Length – longitud
Difficult - difícil
Difficulty - dificultad
Size – tamaño
Sad - triste
Sadness – tristeza
Weight – peso
Beautiful - hermoso
Beauty – belleza
Depth - profundidad
Strong - fuerte
Strength – fuerza
Width – anchura
Weak - débil
Weakness - debilidad
Narrow - angosto
Fast - rápido /
Slow - lento
Tall - alto /
Short - bajo
White - blanco /
Black - negro
Far - lejano /
Near - cercano
Bitter - amargo /
Sweet - dulce
Careful - cuidadoso /
Careless - descuidado
Speed – velocidad
Dirty - sucio
Dirt – suciedad
Height – altura
Clean - limpio
Cleanliness - limpieza
Color – color
Safe - seguro
Safety - seguridad
Distance - distancia
Dangerous - peligroso
Danger – peligro
Taste – sabor
True - verdadero
Truth – verdad
Care – cuidado