Chapter 10
Systems Development
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An Overview of Systems Development
Tools and Techniques for Systems
Development
Systems Investigation
Systems Design
Systems Implementation
Systems Maintenance and Review
10.1
An Overview of Systems
Development
Key Terms
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Systems development
Systems development life cycle
System stakeholders
Systems analyst
End-user systems development
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Systems Development
 Systems development is the activity of
creating new or modifying existing
information systems.
 The systems development life cycle
(SDLC) is the ongoing activities
associated with the system development
process including investigation, analysis,
design, implementation, and
maintenance and review.
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The SDLC
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Systems Analyst
 Systems Analyst: professional who
specializes in analyzing and designing
systems.
Knowledge Workers
Stakeholders are those that
stand to benefit from a new
system.
programmers
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Participants in Systems Dev.
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End-User Development
 Non-tech users are becoming increasingly
involved in system and software
development in businesses and
organizations. Why?
They understand the problems at hand
They are increasingly technically savvy
Software development tools are increasingly
easier to use
Programmers are not able to keep up with
organization demands
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10.2
Tools and Techniques for
Systems Development
Key Terms
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Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools
Flowchart
Decision Table
Project management
Prototyping
Outsourcing
Object-oriented systems development
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CASE Tools
 Computer-aided software engineering
(CASE) tools automate many of the tasks
required in a systems development effort
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Flowchart
 A flowchart is a system design
diagram that charts the path from
a starting point to the final goal of
a system.
 A decision table is a systems
development tool that displays the
various conditions that could exist
in a system and the different
actions that the computer should
take as a result of these
conditions.
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Project Management
Gantt Chart
 The overall
purpose of project
management is to
plan, monitor, and
control necessary
development
activities.
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Iterative Approach
 With the iterative
approach, each phase of
the SDLC is repeated
several times (iterated).
 Prototyping typically
involves creating a
preliminary model or version
of a major subsystem, or a
small or scaled-down
version of the entire system.
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Outsourcing and Offshoring
 Outsourcing is a business’ use of an
outside company to take over portions of its
workload.
 Offshoring relocates an entire production line
to another location, typically in another
country with cheaper labor, lower taxes, or
other financial benefits.
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SDLC
10.3
Systems Investigation
Key Terms
• Systems investigation
• Feasibility analysis
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Systems Investigation
 The overall purpose of systems
investigation is to determine
whether or not the objectives met
by the existing system are
satisfying the goals of the
organization.
 A key part of the systems
investigation phase is feasibility
analysis, which investigates the
problem to be solved or
opportunity to be met.
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SDLC
10.4
Systems Analysis
Key Terms
• Systems analysis
• Requirements analysis
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Systems Analysis
 Systems analysis attempts to understand
how the existing system helps solve the
problem identified in systems investigation
and answers the question, “What must the
computer system do to solve the problem?”
 The overall purpose of requirements
analysis is to determine user, stakeholder,
and organizational needs.
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SDLC
10.5
Systems Design
Key Terms
• Systems design
• Request for proposal (RFP)
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Systems Design
 The purpose of systems design is to select
and plan a system that meets the
requirements defined in the requirements
analysis.
 The request for proposal (RFP) is
generated during systems development
when an organization wants a computer
systems vendor to submit a bid for a new or
modified system.
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SDLC
10.6
Systems Implementation
Key Terms
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Systems implementation
Direct conversion
Phase-in approach
Pilot startup
User acceptance document
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Systems Implementation
 Systems implementation
includes hardware acquisition,
software acquisition or
development, user preparation,
hiring and training of personnel,
site and data preparation,
installation, testing, startup, and
user acceptance.
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SDLC
10.7
Systems Maintenance
and Review
Key Terms
• Systems maintenance
• Systems review
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Systems Maintenance and
Review
 Systems maintenance involves checking,
changing, and enhancing the system to
make it more useful in achieving user and
organizational goals.
 Systems review, the final phase of the
systems development life cycle, is the
process of analyzing systems to make sure
that they are operating as intended.
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Chapter 10 Questions?
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