Bell Work
1-06-2015
1. What provides electrons/photons for the light reactions?
2. ___ is an organism that obtains organic food molecules by
eating other organisms or substances derived from them.
3. ___ conversion of light energy to chemical energy that is
stored in glucose or other organic compounds; occurs in
plants, algae, and certain prokaryotes.
4. Log onto Quizlet to review for the Formative.
5. Please have Vocab Foldable on your desk.
LT 1 I can identify the structures of photosynthesis.
What is the LT?
Agenda
1. BW / LT
2. Check Foldable
3. Formative
4. Discussion of Photosynthesis
5. Photosynthesis Foldable
Bell Work
1-07-2015
1. Speciation occurs during the evolutionary
development, or phylogeny, of a species. When can
speciation occur? (EOC)
2. Name the two products of photosynthesis.
3. Describe what occurs in the thylakoids.
4. Which molecules act as carriers for energy and high
energy electrons during photosynthesis?
LT 1 I can explain the structures of
photosynthesis.
What is the LT?
Agenda
1. BW / LT
2. Photosynthesis Foldable
3. Review Game
4. Formative LT 1 Friday
Bell Work
1-08-2016
1. If an ion has more protons than electrons, is it’s
charge positive or negative? (EOC)
2. NADP+ is an ion. Can it accept a proton or
electron?
3. What is the LT for today’s formative?
4. Log onto Quizlet to study for the formative.
LT I can earn a “3” on the formative.
What is the LT for today’s
formative?
Agenda
1. BW / LT
2. Photosynthesis Equation
3. Equation Foldable
4. Formative
Bell Work
1-11-2016
1. Why is the equation for photosynthesis considered
to be the devil?
2. What are the products in the process of
photosynthesis? The reactants? (EOC)
3. During photosynthesis plants use energy to break
bonds in CO2 and H2O to form carbon containing
molecules. What are these molecules used to
create?
LT 21 I can identify the functions of photosynthesis.
What is the LT?
Agenda
1. BW / LT
2. Review photosynthesis equation
3. Finish foldable
4. Photosynthesis game
Bell Work
1-13-2016
1. Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis.
2. What type of energy transformation takes place during
photosynthesis?
3. Organisms undergo many different processes in order to
be able to store energy and utilize that energy. Through
which process is energy stored in the form of glucose?
(EOC)
4. Use the colored pencils to color the diagram given at the
door.
5. Please have your completed photosynthesis foldable on
your desk.
LT 20 I can explain the functions of photosynthesis.
What is the LT?
Agenda
1. BW / LT
2. Color diagram
3. Activity
4. Reflection
5. Formative on functions Friday
Bell Work
1-14-2016
1. Photosynthesis is the process of converting ______
energy to __________ energy.
2. List 3 functions that make photosynthesis so
important?
3. What are the waste products of autotrophs?
4. Draw pictures to symbolize the photosynthesis
equation.
LT 21 I can explain the functions of photosynthesis.
What is the LT?
Agenda
1. BW / LT
2. Virtual Lab
3. Formative Review of LT
4. Formative for LT 20 on Firday
• Photosynthesis is the process of converting
light energy to chemical energy and storing
it in the bonds of sugar. This process occurs
in plants and some algae. Plants need only
light energy, CO2, and H2O to make sugar.
The process of photosynthesis takes place in
the chloroplasts, specifically using
chlorophyll, the green pigment involved in
photosynthesis.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• Autotrophic Process: Plants and plant-like organisms
make their energy (glucose) from sunlight.
• Stored as carbohydrate in their bodies.
• 6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Why is Photosynthesis important?
Makes organic molecules (glucose) out
of inorganic materials (carbon dioxide
and water).
It begins all food chains/webs. Thus
all life is supported by this process.
It also makes oxygen gas!!
Photosynthesis-is the start to ecological food webs!
Photo-synthesis
means "putting together with light."
Plants use sunlight to turn water
and carbon dioxide into glucose.
Glucose is a kind of sugar.
Plants use glucose as food for
energy and as a building block for
growing.
Autotrophs make glucose and
heterotrophs are consumers of it.
How do we know that plants make
carbohydrates from just carbon dioxide
water and light energy? Experiments!
• For example:
Jan Baptisa van Helmont (1648) planted a
willow branch weighing 5 pounds into 200
pounds of soil and then after 4 years the tree
weighed 169 lbs. and the soil was still
nearly 200 lbs.
Photosynthesis
sunlight
Carbon dioxide + water
absorbed by chlorophyll
glucose + oxygen
6CO2 + 6H2O + energy  C6H12O6 + 6O2
As can be seen from the equation for photosynthesis, the
wood, bark, and root came from water and carbon
dioxide.
Plants in Action
Check it!
What is the
process
that uses
the sun’s
energy to
make
simple
sugars?
Plant leaves have many types of cells!
Plant Cells
The photograph below is an elodea leaf X 400.
Individual cells are clearly visible. The tiny
green structures within the cells are
chloroplasts
this is where
photosynthesis
happens.
Chloroplasts make the sugars!
Plants
Leaves are green
because they
contain
the pigment:
chlorophyll
Leaves have a
large surface area
to absorb as much
light as possible
"Thanks for the Glucose!"
Chloroplasts
make the
oxygen too!
Stoma
This opening how plants exchange gases!
Check it! Can you name the two important
gases that go in and out of the leaves?
Why are the
stomata
located on the
underside of
leaves?
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• Absorbing Light Energy to make chemical
energy: glucose!
• Pigments: Absorb different colors of white light
(ROY G BIV)
• Main pigment: Chlorophyll a
• Accessory pigments: Chlorophyll b and Carotenoids
• These pigments absorb all wavelengths (light) BUT
green!
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• Why do we see green?
• Green color from white light
reflected NOT absorbed
• Chloroplast: organelle
responsible for photosynthesis
• Chlorophyll: located within
Chloroplast
• Green pigment
Visible light is only
a small part of the
electromagnetic
spectrum (all forms
of light).
• LIGHT behaves as if it were composed of
"units" or "packets" of energy that travel in
waves. These packets are photons.
• The wavelength of light determines its color.
Chlorophyll: A Light Absorbing Pigment
The Solar Panel Chemical!
Photosynthesis
Glucose provides the energy and
carbon needed to make other
plant materials like wax and
proteins.
Oxygen and Sugar!
• In plants and simple animals, waste products are removed
by diffusion. Plants, for example, excrete O2, a product of
photosynthesis.
EQUATION FOR
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
WATER
6CO2 + 6H2O +ENERGY
CARBON
DIOXIDE
OXYGEN
C6H12O6 + 6O2
GLUCOSE
The end!
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• 2 Phases
• Light-dependent reaction
• Light-independent reaction
• Light-dependent: converts light energy into
chemical energy; produces ATP molecules to
be used to fuel light-independent reaction
• Light-independent (Calvin Cycle): uses ATP
produced to make simple sugars.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• Light-dependent reaction (LIGHT Reaction)
•
•
•
•
Requires light
Occurs in chloroplast (in thylakoids)
Chlorophyll (thylakoid) traps energy from light
Light excites electron (e-)
• Kicks e- out of chlorophyll to an electron transport chain
• Electron transport chain: series of proteins in thylakoid
membrane
• Bucket brigade
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• Light-dependent reaction (LIGHT Reaction)
• Energy lost along electron transport chain
• Lost energy used to recharge ATP from ADP
• NADPH produced from e- transport chain
• Stores energy until transfer to stroma
• Plays important role in light-independent reaction
• Total byproducts: ATP, NADP, O2
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• How did we get O2 as a byproduct?!
• Photolysis: replaces lost electrons by splitting
water
Sun
Light energy transfers to chlorophyll.
• At each step
along the
transport chain,
the electrons
lose energy.
Chlorophyll passes energy down through the
electron transport chain.
Energized electrons provide energy that
splits
H2 O
H+
NADP+
oxygen
released
to ADP
bonds P
forming
ATP
NADPH
for the use in
light-independent reactions
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• Light-independent reaction (Dark Reaction)
• Does not require light
• Calvin Cycle
•
•
•
•
Occurs in stroma of chloroplast
Requires CO2
Uses ATP and NADPH as fuel to run
Makes glucose sugar from CO2 and Hydrogen
Bell Work
1-27-2016
1. Write the equation for photosynthesis.
2. Cut apart the sort you were given at the door then
display equations for photosynthesis and cellular
respiration.
3. Use an electronic devise to research 3 things that
affect the rate of photosynthesis.
LT 22 I can explain the process of cellular
respiration.
What is the LT?
Agenda
1. BW / LT / pass out Plickers
2. Check sort
3. Finish the Cellular Respiration foldable
4. Kahoot
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• What affects photosynthesis?
• Light intensity: as light increases, rate of
photosynthesis increases
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• What affects photosynthesis?
• Carbon Dioxide: As CO2 increases, rate of
photosynthesis increases
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• What affects photosynthesis?
• Temperature:
• Temperature Low = Rate of photosynthesis low
• Temperature Increases = Rate of photosynthesis increases
• If temperature too hot, rate drops
Photosynthesis & Respiration
What is Photosynthesis?
The process of photosynthesis is a chemical
reaction.
It is the most important
chemical reaction on our planet.
What do plants need for
photosynthesis?
•
•
•
•
Water
Carbon dioxide
Light
chlorophyll
What is the equation for the
chemical reaction of photosynthesis?
Describe Photosynthesis
• The process of changing light energy to
chemical energy
• Energy stored as sugar
• Occurs in plants and some algae
• Plants need light energy, CO2, and H2O
• Takes place in the chloroplasts, using
chlorophyll, the green pigment in plants
What is it like inside a chloroplast?
• All around the chloroplasts are stacks of
things called thylakoids.
• The part of the chloroplast that is outside
the thylakoids is called the stroma.
• THE CALVIN CYCLE is in the stroma!
What are the two types of reactions in
photosynthesis?
1. The first reaction is called light-dependent
(occurs in the thylakoids)
2. The second reaction is light-independent
(occurs in the stroma)
What do electron carriers do?
• Sunlight makes electrons in the chlorophyll
(located in the thylakoids) very excited!
They are so excited they have to be carried
by a special carrier molecule called NADP+
• NADP+ carries two electrons at a time.
• It also grabs an H+ ion, and this turns the
NADP+ into NADPH
What does the NADPH do?
• The NADPH carries the very excited highenergy electrons to reactions in the cell.
• These electrons can be used in making
FOOD.
• This is the LIGHT-DEPENDENT
Reaction
What is the dreaded Calvin
Cycle?
• The Calvin Cycle uses ATP and NADPH
from light-dependent reactions to produce
high-energy sugars (FOOD)
• The Calvin Cycle is a
LIGHT- INDEPENDENT reaction
What are the products of
photosynthesis?
• High-energy sugars (FOOD)
• oxygen
Why is this important to us?
• We cannot make our own food (glucose,
energy), we must get our food from plants.
• Plants are the first step in the food chain.
• The oxygen released during photosynthesis is
necessary for all living things.
Quiz
1) Describe what it’s like inside a chloroplast.
2) Why does Hamel say that photosynthesis is one of
the most important chemical reactions on Earth?
3) What happens during the Calvin Cycle?
4) What are the products of photosynthesis?
5) What is needed for photosynthesis?
6) What happens to electrons during photosynthesis?
7) Which happens first, light-dependent reactions or
light-independent ones?
8) What does NADP+ do?
Bell Work
1-19-2016
1. What are the 2 phases of photosynthesis?
2. Name the products of photosynthesis.
3. Write the equation for photosynthesis. Now
reverse the equation. In words, describe the new
equation you wrote.
LT 22 I can explain the process of cellular
respiration.
Bell Work
1.
2.
3.
4.
1-28-2016
What is the equation for cellular respiration?
Describe cellular respiration.
What are the stages of cellular respiration?
Read the lab sheet you were given at the door.
A. What is yeast? (Google it!!)
LT I can explain the process of cellular respiration.
What is the LT?
Agenda
1. BW / LT
2. Discussion / Coloring assignment
3. Yeast Lab (If time!!)
4. Reflection
What is Cellular Respiration?
• Once the energy that was in sunlight is
changed into chemical energy by
photosynthesis, an organism has that can be
used by the organism.
• Cellular respiration is the process that
releases energy by breaking down food
molecules in the presence of oxygen.
o transform the chemical energy into a form
Describe Cellular Respiration
• The breakdown of glucose molecules to
release energy
• Takes place in all living things
• Is a step by step process
Where does cellular respiration
happen?
• In the mitochondria of living
things.
What is the chemical equation for
cellular respiration?
Diagram of the Process
Occurs
across
Cristae
Occurs in
Cytoplasm
Occurs in
Matrix
What are the Stages of Cellular
Respiration?
• Glycolysis
• The Krebs Cycle
• The Electron Transport Chain
Anaerobic Processes
• No oxygen is
required for these
processes.
• Includes glycolysis,
the breakdown of
glucose, and
fermentation.
• Some bacteria and
yeast are examples
of anaerobes.
http://www.biol.vt.edu/research/images/C._perfringens_in_mac._jpg.jpg
http://www.utoronto.ca/greenblattlab/images/a/yeast%201.jpg
Glycolysis
• Occurs in the cytoplasm.
• Breaks down glucose into
2 molecules of pyruvate
• 2 ATP molecules are
formed.
 The series of reactions in
which pyruvate is broken
down into carbon dioxide
is called the Krebs cycle.
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/enyld1.gif
Yikes! There’s another cycle?
• Yes. The Krebs cycle.
• The Krebs cycle is where energy is
released. Kind of like the Calvin
Cycle in reverse…
What happens during the Krebs
cycle?
• Energy is freed from the chemical
bonds. The excited electrons are
FREE!
• The electrons make ATP.
• Carbon dioxide is released. You get
rid of it by exhaling…
Where do the electrons go?
• On the train!
• The electrons get to ride the electron
transport train, the Final step in the
breakdown of glucose.
• Point at which ATP is produced
What happens to ADP on the train?
• Ions rush back and forth and spin
the ADP in circles.
• This creates enough energy to
produce three molecules of ATP
per molecule of ADP.
• ATP and ADP are special
molecules that store energy
Quiz
1. Where does cellular respiration take place?
2. What is the chemical equation for cellular
respiration?
3. What are the products of cellular
respiration?
4. What is the Krebs Cycle?
5. What happens during the Krebs Cycle?
6. What happens to electrons during cellular
respiration?
7. How much ATP is produced from one
molecule of ADP?
Complementary processes
• Photosynthesis is an
important part of the
carbon cycle.
• The processes of
photosynthesis and
cellular respiration are
complementary
processes, meaning
they work together to
benefit living
organisms.
Plants and animals contribute…
• Autotrophs, such as plants, produce glucose
using the carbon in carbon dioxide.
• Both autotrophs and heterotrophs, such as
grasshoppers that eat plants, use those
carbohydrates in cellular respiration.
• Respiration, in turn, produces carbon
dioxide.
Energy renewal
• Energy captured from
sunlight by
photosynthetic
organisms is used and
released in the cellular
respiration of living
things.
• The energy that living
things use, must
continually be
renewed through
photosynthesis.
Comparison foldable
• Photosynthesis vs Cellular Respiration
• Purpose of ___
• ___ Occurs in
• ___ Equation
• Stages of ___