“So what do we remember since
early September?”
A review of the style and themes of the senior AP Literature books we
studied…
A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
Author:
James Joyce
Genre:
Bildungsroman (Coming Of Age novel)
Time Period:
Written in 1916 (early twentieth century). Set in 1904-ish.
Setting:
Dublin, Ireland… Clongowes Wood College (Jesuit Boarding School), Belvedere
College, Cork, Dublin, University College Dublin
Major Characters:
Protagonist: Stephen Dedalus. Others: His father, mother, Charles Parnell,
Uncle Charles, Aunt Dante, Father Arnall, Cranly, Davin, Emma
Point of View:
Third person limited (stream of consciousness, limited to Stephen’s point of
view; reads as very personal), changes to journal entries in ch. 5 (short,
clipped entries that distance reader)
Structure and Form:
5 Chapters, chiasmus. Symmetry, balance. STASIS at the
end of each chapter.
Growth of protagonist depicted in 5 stages:
1. Embryonic feelings of ignorance and innocence…
emotions and sensations
2. Sexual awareness / loss of innocence / guilt / sexual
appetite, adolescence
3. Religious influence, personal torture, soul-searching
4. Spiritual growth, personal punishment / freedom, love
5. Art, intellectual growth, self-acknowledgement of
failure, acceptance and independence
• Ideas: (Themes)
• Loss of innocence (human sexuality)
• Alienation from others leads to self-questioning,
• Sin and redemption comes from guilt and self-examination,
personal epiphany from trivial events, sounds, sights, etc.,
discovery of self
• Art… passion is found through knowledge and making
mistakes
• Nonconformity vs. conforming to social and religious norms,
• Life with all its flaws is preferable to imposed self-discipline
of the artificial world of the church
• Rejection of religious institutions for the freedom of the
artist (art arrests the beholder and leads to self-discovery)
• Seeking answers to life’s quotations / moving from a place
of ignorance to knowledge in all its forms
• Symbols & Sustained images/motifs:
- Water (purification, also sin, poverty, epiphany,
self-realization, etc.)
- Colors (blue = Virgin Mary, red = passion /
blood / sin, green = nationalism, etc.)
- Birds (freedom, escape) and flight (Daedalus
and Icarus
- Eyes
- The senses (sight, smell, sound, touch)
- Sensations: Hot and cold
• Contrasts and Juxtapositions:
- Purity and impurity
- Body (male) and soul (female)
- Hot and cold
- Fire and water
- Old and young
- Freedom and confinement
- Noise vs. Silence
• Stylistic Devices:
- Chiasmus (silence in the middle of ch. 3 --- Father Arnall looking at
his watch), symmetry – ch.’s 1 and 5, ch.’s 2 and 4)
- Motifs developed as protagonist develops to show stage of growth
(whether, spiritual, physical, emotional, or intellectual)
- Allusions developed same as above to reflect Stephen’s state of mind
- Stasis at end of each chapter
- Odd chapters end with males
- Even chapters end with females
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ALLUSIONS! Several… some are from:
Dante’s Inferno
Greek mythology (also Daedalus and Icarus)
Seven Deadly Sins (note PRIDE leads to all others,
lust, sloth, avarice, envy, etc.)
Aristotle (Poetics, etc.)
Thomas Aquinas (aesthetics, theories of art)
Literature (Irish, Shakespeare, the Romantics)
Also poets: Tennyson and Byron
The Count of Monte Cristo (Dumas)
The Bible
Irish folklore
A few Important Quotations / excerpts /diction worth
noting:
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“Once upon a time… a moocow… he was baby tuckoo…”
“Apologize! Apologize! Pull out his eyes. Apologize!”
“Lazy little schemer!...”
“… pick, pack, pock, puck: like drops of water in a fountain falling
softly in the brimming bowl.”
“Madam, I never eat muscatel grapes.”
“Admit… Admit…Byron was a heretic…”
“They [her lips] pressed upon his brain as though they were the
vehicle of a vague speech;… he felt the unknown and timid pressure,
darker than the swoon of sin, softer than sound or odour.”
“The preacher took a chainless watch from a pocket within his
soutane and, having considered its dial for a moment in silence,
placed it silently before him on the table.”
“The past was past… The ciborium had come to him.”
• “…He had eluded the flood of temptation…”
• “It was idle for him…”
• “A rim of the moon cleft the pale waste of sky line,… the
tide was flowing in fast to the land with a low whisper of
her waves, islanding a few last figures in distant pools.”
• “The soul is very like a bucketful of water…”
• “Beauty is the splendour of truth…” (Keats)
• “I do not fear to be alone or to be spurned for another or
to leave whatever I have to leave.”
• “O Life! I go to encounter for the millionth time the
reality of experience and to forge in the smithy of my
soul the uncreated conscience of my race.”
• “Old father, old artificer, stand me now and ever in good
stead.”
Hamlet, Prince of Denmark
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Author:
William Shakespeare
Genre:
Shakespearean tragic drama
Time Period:
Written in early 1500’s (Renaissance)
Set in 12th century
SETTING:
Denmark – Royal Court at Elsinore… winter
• Major Characters:
- Hamlet (Prince, age 30), Old King Hamlet’s ghost,
Queen Gertrude, King Claudius, Horatio, Ophelia,
Laertes, Polonius, Fortinbras, Gravediggers,
Rosencrantz and Guildenstern
• Point of View:
• Drama (omniscient) / speeches, dialogue; includes
soliloquys, asides, etc.
• Structure and Form:
• Freytag’s Pyramid (follows Aristotle’s 5 Act
structure for tragedy), blank verse (unrhymed
iambic pentameter), except for prose excerpts
• Ideas (Themes):
- Questions about existence… what conclusions can we come
to about who we are?
- What is our purpose in life and what is the purpose of life?
- What is fate (destiny) and what is free will?
- What is nobility? What responsibility do we have?
- What is truth?
- What happens after life? (Death is inevitable; final
acceptance thereof)
- Loyalty and betrayal
- The effects and stages of grief
- Alienation and estrangement from others
- Rationalizing causes inaction and paralysis
- Action and passion take courage, etc.
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Symbols and sustained Images (Motifs):
Betrayal
Poison
Death (note: play begins and ends with death)
Plays and pretense (antic disposition)
Cosmic imagery (and nature v. the unnatural)
Time
Bad dreams , sleep, etc.
Traps and spying, observing, etc.
Lack of passion
Sun (light; truth)
Language (words; intellect)
The brain , intellect, mind (see Yorick’s skull)
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Contrasts and Juxtapositions:
Appearance vs. Reality
Action vs. Inaction
Loyalty vs. Betrayal
Sanity vs. Madness
Illusion vs. Reality (the ghost?)
Nobility vs. Savagery
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Stylistic Devices:
Soliloquys (truth on stage)
Dramatic Irony
Initial conflict, Rising action, Climax, falling
action & anagnorisis (discovery), denouement
- Comic relief
- Puns, ambiguity, foreshadowing, asides
• ALLUSIONS:
- Greek mythology, Biblical allusions, historical
allusions, Renaissance Great Chain of Being, the 4
Humours (moods)
Some Quotations worth noting:
“Who’s there?”
“I am sick at heart.”
“Frailty, thy name is woman-”
“I am too much i’ the sun…”
“Something is rotten in the state of Denmark.”
“That one may smile and be a villain…”
“(As I perchance hereafter shall think meet/To put an anti disposition on),”
“The time is out of joint. O cursed spite / That ever I was born to set it right!”
“By indirections find directions out.”
“Lord Hamlet with his doublet all unbraced… he falls to such perusal of my
face / As ‘a would draw it.”
“Denmark’s a prison.”
“O God, I could be bounded in a nutshell and count myself a king of infinite
space, were it not that I have bad dreams.”
“What a piece of work is a man, how noble in reason, how infinite in faculties,
in form and moving, how express and admirable in action… Man delights not
me, nor woman neither…”
“Bloody, bawdy villain!”
“The play’s the thing wherein I’ll catch the conscience of the King.”
“To be, or not to be, that is the question:”
“Thus conscience does make cowards of us all.”
“Get thee to a nunnery.”
“O, what a noble mind is here o’erthrown!”
“O, my offense is rank, it smells to heaven;”
“Rightly to be great/Is not to stir without great argument,/ But greatly
to find quarrel in a straw / When honor’s at the stake.”
“Alas, poor Yorick! I knew him, Horatio –”
“There is special providence in the fall of a sparrow. If it be now, ‘tis not
to come; if it be not to come, it will be now; if it be not now, yet it will
come. The readiness is all.”
“- the rest is silence.”
“Now cracks a noble heart. Goodnight, sweet prince, / And flights of
angels sing thee to thy rest!”
“Go, bid the soldiers shoot.”
Macbeth
• Author:
- William Shakespeare
• Genre:
- Shakespearean Tragic Drama
• Time Period:
• Written in: 1606 (King James I on throne)
• SETTING:
- Scotland (and parts in England) –Dunsinane
Castle, Burnham Wood, the heath
• MAJOR CHARACTERS:
Macbeth, Lady Macbeth, Duncan, Malcolm,
Donalbain, Banquo, Macduff, Lady Macduff, Lenox,
Ross, the Porter, witches (and Hecate), Fleance,
murderers, Siward, Young Siward
Point of View:
- Drama (dialogue), omniscient, with soliloquys,
asides, monologues, etc.
Structure and Form:
-Shakespeare’s shortest play, 5-Act pyramid structure
(follows Aristotle’s form of tragedy), foreshadowing,
dramatic irony, soliloquys, spectacle, climax,
anagnorisis, denouement.
• IDEAS (Themes):
- The dangers of blind ambition, pride (hubris), etc.
- Is there such a thing as fate? Do we have free will?
Do we act upon suggestion (self-prophesy?)
- Corruption vs. Ethics and loyalty.
- What does it mean to be a man?
- What is a woman’s role? What is a man’s role?
- Taking revenge on those who’ve betrayed us
- What does it mean to be evil? What is the meaning
of virtue and goodness?
- What is the meaning of life? Is happiness possible?
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Symbols and Sustained images (Motifs):
Clothing, borrowed robes
Daggers
Ghosts, witches, the supernatural
Paranoia
Night, shadows, darkness
Blood, blood, blood!
Hands, deeds, etc.
Health, sickness, disease
Sleep, dreams, nightmares, visions
Birds
Water (washing, cleansing)
The weather (storms, unnatural imagery, lightning, hail, rain)
Corruption, evil, serpents
Banquets, feasting, “appetite”
Time
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Contrasts and Juxtapositions:
Good vs. Evil
Natural vs. Unnatural
Sickness and disease vs. health
Sleep (peace of mind) vs. nightmares
Appearance vs. Reality
Fate vs. Free Will
Cruelty vs. Kindness
Manhood vs. Womanhood
• Stylistic Devices:
- Soliloquys, asides, dramatic irony, comic relief,
blank verse (unrhymed iambic pentameter),
paradoxes and oxymoron, foils, oppositions
ALLUSIONS:
- The Three Fates and Greek mythology
- Historical allusions
- James I
- Seven Deadly sins
- Garden of Eden and other Biblical allusions
- Dante’s Inferno, hell, heaven
• Some Quotations worth remembering:
“When shall we three meet again? / In thunder, lightning, or in rain?”
“Fair is foul, and foul is fair: / Hover through the fog and filthy air.”
“”So foul and fair a day I have not seen.”
“Why do you dress me in borrow’d robes?”
“This supernatural soliciting/Cannot be ill; cannot be good –”
“And nothing is but what is not.”
“Stars, hide your fires! /Let not light see my black and deep desires;”
“Yet do I fear thy nature;/It is too full o’th’milk of human kindness,”
“Unsex me here… fill me… top/Of direst cruelty! Make thick my blood,”
“…look like th’innocent flower,/But be the serpent under’t.”
“If it were done, when ‘tis done, then ‘twere well / It were done quickly:”
“I have no spur/ To prick the sides of my intent, but only / Vaulting ambition…”
“False face must hide what the false heart doth know.”
“Is this a dagger, which I see before me,…”
“Hear it not, Duncan; for it is a knell / That summons thee to Heaven, or to
Hell.”
“Macbeth does murther Sleep…”
“Sleep no more!”
“Infirm of purpose! Give me the daggers!”
“What hands are here? Ha! They pluck out mine eyes.”
“A little water clears us of this deed.”
“To know my deed, ‘twere best not know myself.”
“There’s daggers in men’s smiles:…”
“To be thus is nothing, but to be safely thus;…”
“We have scorch’d the snake, not killed it…”
“O! full of scorpions is my mind, dear wife!”
I am in blood/Stepp’d in so far…”
“By the pricking of my thumbs, /Something wicked this way comes.”
“…beware Macduff; / Beware the Thane of Fife.”
“Macbeth /Is ripe for shaking…”
“Out, damned spot!”
“Here’s the smell of the blood still: all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little
hand.”
“To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow, / Creeps in this petty pace from day to day,
… And all our yesterdays have lighted fools / The way to dusty death.”
“Life’s but a walking shadow; a poor player, / That struts and frets his hour upon the
stage, / And then is heard no more; it is a tale / Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,/
Signifying nothing.”
Frankenstein
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Author:
Mary Shelley
Genre:
Gothic Romantic Fiction (Science Fiction?)
Time Period:
Written in: 1816
SETTING:
Geneva, Switzerland, Arctic Circle, Ireland
• MAJOR CHARACTERS:
Victor Frankenstein, the creature (monster),
Alphonse, Elizabeth, Henry Clerval, Justine, De
Lacey family, Robert Walton, Margaret Seville
• Point of View:
- First person limited, Walton writing letters to
Margaret, Victor telling his story to Walton, the
Creature’s story
• Structure and Form:
- Frame story, flashbacks, 24 chapters, 3 parts
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Ideas (Themes):
Fate / Destiny vs. Free will
Ambition and pride vs. Personal responsibility
The repercussions and consequences of pride, ambition,
etc.
The dangers and ripple effects of the acquisition of
knowledge
Science vs. nature and their effects on man
Responsibility and ethics vs. passion and personal
ambition
Romantic imagination vs. Science and facts /
knowledge… reason vs. passion and its consequences
Dangers of exploring the unknown
• Symbols and sustained images (Motifs):
- Knowledge, reason, science, discovery, etc.
- Romanticism, the imagination
- Pride, ambition
- Death
- Water (the ocean, the sea, etc.)
- Weather (storms, etc.)
- Destiny
- Isolation, alienation
- Nature (the moon, the mountains, man’s nature, light)
- Passion
- Sleep, imagination
- Madness
- Hell, remorse, regret, guilt
• Contrasts and Juxtapositions:
- Innocence vs. Knowledge
- Good vs. Evil
- Pride vs. Humility
- Dark vs. Light
- Foils (Victor vs. his creature, etc.)
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Stylistic Devices:
Frame story
Foreshadowing, suspense
Flashbacks
Letters
3 Parts (each different pts. Of view)
Lots of questions (and rhetorical questions)
ALLUSIONS:
Milton’s Paradise Lost
The Bible, Adam and Eve
The Romantics (Shelley, Keats, Coleridge – “The Rime of the Ancient
Mariner”)
Prometheus
Greek Mythology
Dante’s Inferno
Faustus
Philosophy
• Some Quotations worth noting:
“I have no friend, Margaret…”
“What can stop the determined heart and resolved will of man?”
“You seek for knowledge and wisdom… nothing can alter my destiny…”
“Destiny was too potent, and her immutable laws had decreed my utter
and terrible destruction.”
“I ardently desired the acquisition of knowledge.”
“Whence, I often asked myself, did the principle of life proceed?”
“Learn from me… how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge and
how much happier that man is who believes his native town to be the
world, than he who aspires to become greater than his nature will
allow.”
“A selfish pursuit had cramped and narrowed me…”
“Thus spoke my prophetic soul…”
“If I cannot inspire love, I will cause fear.”
“Hideous monster! Ugly wretch!”
“Cursed, cursed creator! Why did I live?”
“Remember that I am thy creature; I ought to be thy
Adam, but I am rather the fallen Angel…”
“The cup of life was poisoned forever…”
“Great God! Why did I not then expire?”
“Why did I not die?”
“I am your master – obey!”
“I shall be with you on your wedding night.”
“Evil henceforth became my good.”
“A deadly weight was hanging around my neck…”
“I was doomed to live…”
“How mutable are our feelings, and how strange is that
clinging love we have of life even in the excess of misery.”
Heart of Darkness
• Author:
- Joseph Conrad
Genre:
- Realistic fiction; novella
Time Period:
- Written in 1902.
SETTING:
- Thames River (London) and the Belgian Congo
(Africa)
• Major Characters:
Marlow, Kurtz, helmsman, accountant, the
Manager, the doctor, the brick maker, the
Russian, the unknown narrator, the Intended, the
African mistress, the African slaves
Point of View:
- First person frame story (Marlow telling the
unknown narrator who relates the story)
Structure and Form:
- Frame story, flashbacks, foreshadowing, 3 parts
• Ideas (Themes):
- The dangers and ramifications of colonialism / greed, etc.
- The darkness that lies inside each of us… what is
goodness? What is evil?
- What are lies and what is the truth? Do we have a
responsibility to tell the truth?
- In his natural state, man shows that he is really savage
(we look “civilized” / efficiency helps us to have the
appearance of being civilized)
- Just what is man’s capacity for evil?
- Why are we fascinated with evil?
- Is it better to have a deliberate belief and passion (even if
it is immoral) than to be without a belief or conviction?
• Symbols and sustained images (Motifs):
- Goodness, innocence, ignorance
- Knowledge, experience, discovery
- Greed, ambition, pride
- Savagery, animal instincts, darkness
- Shadows (evil, darkness, the unknown)
- Water (the river, the ocean)
- Blood, war, brutality, death
- Evil, sin (snake)
- Voyage
- Weather (fog, clarity, sun, heat)
Contrasts and Juxtapositions:
- Good vs. Evil
- Civilization vs. savagery
- Sun / Shadow
- Foils (Marlow . Kurtz)
- Lies vs. truth
- Ignorance vs. knowledge
- Dreams vs. Nightmares
- Inner peace vs. guilt / remorse
• STYLISTIC DEVICES:
- Allusions, flashback, frame story, suspense, reflection,
stream of consciousness, nightmarish dreamlike memory,
fragments, unnamed characters known only by their jobs
(except for Kurtz and Marlow)
• ALLUSIONS:
- The 3 Fates
- Greek Mythology
- The Bible (Satan, Adam and Eve, etc.)
- River Styx
- Colonization
- Carl Jung (dreams, shadow self, animus, archetypes, etc.)
- Hero’s Journey
• Some quotations worth noting:
“They were men enough to face the darkness.”
“What saves us is efficiency – the devotion to efficiency.”
“…one river… a mighty big river… resembling an immense snake uncoiled…”
“The snake charmed me.”
“She seemed uncanny and fateful.”
“The changes take place inside, you know.”
“It’s queer how out of touch with truth women are. They live in a world of their
own…”
“He was obeyed, yet he inspired neither love nor even respect.”
“Perhaps there was nothing within him… he was hollow at the core.”
“Could we handle that dumb thing, or would it handle us?”
“I would not have gone so far as to fight for Kurtz, but I went for him near
enough to a lie. You know I hate, detest, and can’t bear a lie,…. There is a taint
of death, a flavour of mortality in lies, -”
“I don’t like work… but I like what is in the work, - the chance to find yourself.”
“There were moment when one’s past came back to one, … but in came in the
shape of an unrestful and noisy dream,…”
“The inner truth is hidden – luckily, luckily.”
“If you were man enough… the mind of man… is capable of anything... What is
there after all?... But truth – truth stripped of its cloak of time… He must meet
that truth with his own true stuff – with his own inborn strength.”
“No; you want a deliberate belief.”
“It’s really easier to face bereavement, dishonour, and the perdition of one’s
soul – than this kind of prolonged hunger.”
“I was morbidly anxious to change my shoes and socks.”
“I laid the ghost of his gifts at last with a lie,…”
“He made me see things – things.”
“I think the knowledge came to him at last – only at the very last. But the
wilderness had found him out early, and had taken on him a terrible vengeance
for the fantastic invasion.”
“Oh, he enlarged my mind!”
“I did not betray Mr. Kurtz - … it was written I should be loyal to the nightmare
of my choice.”
“…But his soul was mad… I had – for my sins, I suppose – to go through
the ordeal of looking into myself.”
“His was an impenetrable darkness.”
“The horror! The horror!”
“I remained to dream the nightmare out to the end, and to show my
loyalty to Kurtz once more.”
“I have wrestled with death. It is the most unexciting contest you can
imagine.”
“I found with humiliation that probably I would have nothing to say. This
is the reason why I affirm that Kurtz was a remarkable man. He had
something to say.”
“Perhaps all wisdom… all truth… are just compressed into that
inappreciable moment of time in which we step over the threshold of
the invisible.”
“He lived as… a shadow insatiable… darker than the shadow of the
night… like the beating of a heart – the heart of a conquering darkness.”
“The heavens do not fall for such a trifle…. But I could not tell her. It
would have been too dark – too dark, altogether…”
1984
• Author:
George Orwell
Genre:
Dystopian Fiction; Satire
Time Period:
Written in 1948
Set in unknown / future / “1984”?
SETTING:
Oceania, once London now Airstrip 1, totalitarian
government
• Major Characters:
Winston Smith, Julia, O’Brien, Mr. Parsons,
Katharine, Goldstein, “Big Brother”, Mr.
Charrington, Syme, Inner Party, Outer Party,
Proles
Point of View:
Third person limited
Structure and Form:
Chronological; a few flashbacks, divided into 3
parts (Introduction, Rebellion, Rehabilitation)
• Ideas (themes):
- The use and abuse of power and fear to exert control over
others (and society)
- Truth exists only in the mind or written history
- Dehumanization of others
- Submission to authority
- Ignorance and the power of knowledge; keeping others
ignorant and the distortion of truth
- Isolation and alienation of humanity
- Brainwashing and the ability to condition others to believe
what those in power would like them to believe
- What is the power of love and hatred?
- The effects of lack of individuality / freedom on others
- The extent to which we will go to preserve ourselves/ How
much can a person take before they submit?
• Symbols and sustained images (Motifs):
- Big Brother, Doublethink, Newspeak, language (minimized)
- Freedom, truth, lies, ignorance, etc.
- Brainwashing
- Paper weight
- Fear, control
- Clothing and colors (uniforms, sashes, etc.)
- Sickness and disease, filth and contamination
- Love, lust, desire, human sexuality
- Winston’s diary
- Telescreens
- Hate Week
- Room 101
Contrasts and Juxtapositions:
- Freedom and imprisonment (metaphorically and literally)
- Golden Country vs. Oceania
- Proles vs. Inner Party and Outer Party
- Love vs. Lust vs. Hatred
- Lies vs. Truth
- The Present vs. The Past vs. The Future
- Fear vs. Hope
- Betrayal vs. Trust
• Stylistic Devices:
- Flashbacks
- Suspense / foreshadowing
- Paradox (Ignorance is Strength, etc.)
- Newspeak language
- Repetition
- Interior monologue
- Irony
Allusions:
- Modern day cities, landmarks, etc.
- WWII, politics, etc.
- “Oranges and Lemons”, other children’s songs, etc.
- Dictators
- God, religion, Marxism, economics, Shakespeare
- Kipling (poetry)
• Some Quotations worth remembering:
“War is Peace / Freedom is Slavery / Ignorance is Strength”
“DOWN WITHBIG BROTHRE DOWN WITHBIG BROTHER DOWN WITH BRIG BROTHER DOWN WITH BIG
BROTHER”
“It was a good hanging… I think it spoils it when they tie their feet together.”
“It’s a beautiful thing, the destruction of words.”
“In the end we shall make thoughtcrime literally impossible.”
“Syme will be vaporized. He is too intelligent.”
“If there is hope it lies in the proles.”
“Until they become conscious they will never rebel, and until after they have rebelled they cannot become
conscious.”
“I understand HOW: I do not understand WHY.”
“Freedom is the freedom to say that two plus two make four. If that is granted, all else follows.”
“Oranges and Lemons, say the bells of St. Clement’s… Here comes a candle to light you to bed, Here comes
a chopper to chop off your head.”
“We shall meet in the place where there is no darkness.”
“The prevailing emotion was simply curiosity. Foreigners, whether from Eurasia or from Eastasia, were a
kind of strange animal.”
“The sense of his own inferiority was upon him.”
“I hate purity. I hate goodness. I don’t want any virtue to exist anywhere. I want everyone to e corrupt to
the bones.”
“We are the dead.”
“Of all the horrors in the world – a rat!”
“Nothing exists except an endless present in which the Party is always right.”
“They can make you say anything… but they can’t make you believe it. They can’t get
inside you.”
“Confession is not betrayal.”
“You are the dead.”
“Of pain you wished only one thing: that it should stop. Nothing in the world was as bad
as physical pain.”
“Don’t worry, Winston, I shall save you, I shall make you perfect.”
“Reality exists in the human mind, and nowhere else.”
“You must try harder. It is not easy to become sane.”
“The Party seeks power entirely for its own sake.”
“The real power… is not power over things, but over men.”
“If you want a picture of the future, imagine a boot stamping on a human face –
forever.”
“In the end we shall shoot you.”
“Two and two make five.”
“To die hating them, that was freedom.”
“Everyone knows it. The thing that is in Room 101 is the worst thing in the world.”
“He had won the victory over himself. He loved Big Brother.”