Atmospheric Impact
on GPS Observations
Project of
GEODESY/GIANT
program of SCAR WGGGI
Report 2000 - 2002
Prepared by Jan Cisak - project leader
WORKING GROUP ON GEODESY & GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Shanghai, China, 14 – 17 July 2002
Project Background
• Establishment of the project Tokyo 07- 2000
• Receiving a grant from Polish Committee
on Scientific Research
Warsaw 03-2001
• Report in Siena coordinators meeting
Siena 07 - 2001
• Presentation of first results on AGS’01
St. Petersburg 07 - 2001
• Presentation of Iono WG Activities
St. Petersburg 07 - 2001
• Presentation of WGGGI/GIANT Activities
Darmstadt 01- 2002
• International Workshop
Warsaw 05 - 2002
• WGGGI meeting
Shanghai 07 - 2002
WORKING GROUP ON GEODESY & GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Shanghai, China, 14 – 17 July 2002
International Cooperation
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Irk Shagimuratov - IZMIRAN, Kaliningrad, Russia
Yevgen Zanimonskiy - „Metrologia” Kharkov, Ukraine
Alla Zanimonskaya - „Metrologia” Kharkov, Ukraine
Reinhard Dietrich - Institut für Planetare Geodäsie
Technische Universität Dresden
Sibylle Vey - Institut für Planetare Geodäsie
Technische Universität Dresden
Henk Brolsma - Australian Antarctic Division
John Manning - National Mapping Division, Australia
Glenn Johnston - National Mapping Division, Australia
Larry Hothem - National Mapping Division
US Geological Survey
Michael Mayer - Geodetic Institute (GIK) of the University
of Karlsruhe (Germany).
Bjorn Johns - UNAVCO
Joachim Feltens - Iono_WG Chairman ESOC, Darmstadt
Norbert Jakowsky - Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und
Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), Institut für Kommunikation und
Navigation, NL, Neustrelitz
Uk Han - Dept. of Environmental Sci. Korea Military
Academy Seoul, Korea
WORKING GROUP ON GEODESY & GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Shanghai, China, 14 – 17 July 2002
Contribution of Polish researchers
and Organizations to the project
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Jan Krynski - Institute of Geodesy and
Cartography, Warsaw
Jan Cisak - Institute of Geodesy and Cartography,
Warsaw
Marcin Sekowski - Institute of Geodesy and
Cartography, Warsaw
Wlodzimierz Baran – University of Warmia and
Mazury, Olsztyn
Andrzej Krankowski - University of Warmia and
Mazury, Olsztyn
Pawel Wielgosz - University of Warmia and
Mazury, Olsztyn
Mariusz Figurski – Warsaw University of
Technology, Warsaw
Michal Kruczyk - Warsaw University of
Technology, Warsaw
WORKING GROUP ON GEODESY & GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Shanghai, China, 14 – 17 July 2002
Studying of the repeatability of
the vector components during
the ionospheric storms
STORM OF
15-18 FEB 1999
[mm]
DAVIS - MAWSON
permanent 24-hours obserwations
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
-10.0
-20.0
-30.0
-40.0
-50.0
-60.0
13
14
16
17
18
24
13-24 February 1999
DAVIS - MAWSON
12:00 - 18:00 UTC
80.0
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
-20.0
-40.0
-60.0
-80.0
13
14
16
17
13-24 February 1999
18
24
[mm]
[mm]
DAVIS - MAWSON
12:00 - 24:00 UTC
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
-20.0
-40.0
-60.0
-80.0
-100.0
-120.0
13
14
16
17
18
13-24 February 1999
Day-to-day changes of the Davis-Mawson
baseline length (636 km)
WORKING GROUP ON GEODESY & GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Shanghai, China, 14 – 17 July 2002
24
Studying of the repeatability of
the vector components during
the ionospheric storms
STORM OF
15-18 FEB 1999
[mm]
OHIGGINS - ARCTOWSKI
permanent 24-hours obserwations
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
-1.0
-2.0
-3.0
-4.0
-5.0
-6.0
14
15
16
17
18
14-18 February 1999
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
-2.0
-4.0
-6.0
-8.0
14
15
16
14-18 February 1999
OHIGGINS - ARCTOWSKI
06:00 - 12:00 UTC
17
18
[mm]
[mm]
OHIGGINS - ARCTOWSKI
00:00 - 12:00 UTC
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
-2.0
-4.0
-6.0
-8.0
14
15
16
17
18
14-18 February 1999
Day-to-day changes of the O’Higgins-Arctowski
baseline length (132 km)
WORKING GROUP ON GEODESY & GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Shanghai, China, 14 – 17 July 2002
Conclusions after the first
experiments
The ionosphere in Antarctic region has
considerable influence on the accuracy
determination of the vectors.
Strong correlation between TEC changes
and North, East and Up vector components
were obtained.
The changing conditions of ionosphere
mostly affect height component. The height
differences obtained during the quiet and
disturbed ionosphere reach a few dozen of
millimeters even for 132 km long vectors
(O’Higgins-Arctowski).
Because of the great dynamics of the
TEC during the ionospheric storms the
special attention should be paid to the
differences of vectors co-ordinates obtained
from semidiurnal GPS sessions.
WORKING GROUP ON GEODESY & GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Shanghai, China, 14 – 17 July 2002
Efects of ionospheric storm on
vectors in Europe
STORM OF
3 March 2001
dH BOGO-LAMA 3h sessions
running average 1day interval
20
16
20
10
-40
BOGO-LAMA 24h sessions
BOGO-JOZE 24h sessions
0
-10
61
61.5
62
62.5
63
63.5
1.4
64 64.5
DOY2001
65
65.5
66
66.5
67
-4
4
0
-6
-8
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80 85 90
DOY2001
95
100 105 110
1
3h sessions
0.8
0.6
2
15
10
0
5
-2
0
-4
-5
-6
-10
0.4
61
61.5
62
62.5
63
63.5 64 64.5
DOY2001
65
65.5
66
66.5
-8
67
30
TZD from EUREF data sets
Envelope was calculated on the base of IGS TEC daily maps.
44
234
32
232
28
24
230
TZD for BOR1 [mm]
40
IP S G e o m a g n e tic W a rn in g
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80 85 90
DOY2001
95
100 105 110
25
236
36
35
2
20
0
15
-2
10
5
-4
0
-6
20
61
61.5
62
62.5
63
63.5
64
DOY2001
64.5
65
65.5
66
66.5
67 228
58
60
62
64
66
68
DOY2001
70
WORKING GROUP ON GEODESY & GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Shanghai, China, 14 – 17 July 2002
72
dD BOGO-LAMA [mm]
24h sessions
20
dD BOGO-LAMA [mm]
dH BOGO-LAMA [mm]
25
dH BOGO-LAMA [mm]
chi-square
-2
8
-4
1.2
envelope of VTEC [TECU]
0
12
dD BOGO-LAMA [mm]
-20
dH BOGO-LAMA [mm]
0
dH 24h sessions [mm]
dH 3h sessions [mm]
40
Studying of the repeatability of
the vector components during
the ionospheric storms
STORM OF MAXIONO - parameter
3 March 2001 And number of ambiguity
VECTORS
RESIDUALS mm
DAVIS - MAWSON 636 km
MADA 636 km
6
4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
N
E
U
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
67
N AMB. 400 %
N AMB. 800 %
% RES. AMB.
58
59
60
61
DOY 2001
RESIDUALS mm
65
66
67
200
5
N
0
E
U
-5
N AMB. 400%
150
N AMB. 800%
100
% RES. ABM.
50
0
-10
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
58
66
59
60
61
MAWSON - CASEY 2028 km
10
5
N
0
E
-5
U
-10
-15
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
% RES. AMB.
59
60
61
N
0
E
63
-40
-60
63
64
65
66
67
64
65
66
67
U
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
N AMB. 400 %
N AMB. 800 %
% RES. AMB.
58
DOY 2001
62
MAOH 4624 km
20
62
67
DOY 2001
40
61
66
N ABM. 800 %
58
60
60
65
N AMB. 400%
MAWSON - O'HIGGINS 4624 km
59
64
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
DOY 2001
58
63
MACA 2028 km
15
58
62
DOY 2001
DOY 2001
RESIDUALS mm
64
250
10
RESIDUALS mm
63
DACA 1398 km
DAVIS - CASEY 1398 km
-20
62
DOY 2001
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
DOY 2001
WORKING GROUP ON GEODESY & GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Shanghai, China, 14 – 17 July 2002
STORM OF
3 March 2001
Envelope of VTEC variations was calculated on the base
of IGS TEC daily maps.
60
VTEC for BOGO [TECU]
4Ant-a.grf
40
20
0
20
25
30
35
45
50
55
DOY2001
60
65
70
75
I P S G e o m a g n e t ic W a r n in g
50
VTEC for BOGO [TECU]
40
40
30
20
10
0
VTEC for MAW1 [TECU]
61
61.5
62
62.5
63
63.5
64
64.5
65
65.5
DOY2001
66
66.5
67
50
40
30
20
10
0
61
61.5
62
62.5
63
63.5
64
64.5
65
65.5
DOY2001
66
66.5
67
WORKING GROUP ON GEODESY & GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Shanghai, China, 14 – 17 July 2002
Daily solutions for heights
between Antarctic stations
and tropospheric parameters
from IGS solutions
STORM OF
3 March 2001
dH MAW1-DAV1 24h (636km)
20
dH DAV1-CAS1 (1398km)
dH 24 h sessions [mm]
dH MAW1-CAS1 (2028km)
10
0
-10
-20
61
61.5
62
62.5
63
63.5
64
64.5
DOY2001
65
65.5
66
66.5
67
TZD from IGS data sets (GPS output solutions)
Envelope was calculated on the base of IGS TEC daily maps.
2.31
TZD for CAS1
TZD for MAW1
40
2.3
36
2.29
32
2.28
28
2.27
24
IP S G e o m a g n e tic W a r n in g
2.26
TZD for DAV1
20
2.25
61
61.5
62
62.5
63
63.5
64
64.5
65
65.5
66
66.5
67
DOY2001
WORKING GROUP ON GEODESY & GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Shanghai, China, 14 – 17 July 2002
TZD [mm]
envelope of VTEC [TECU]
44
Daily solutions for heights
between Antarctic stations
and tropospheric parameters
from IGS solutions
20
dD 24 h sessions [mm]
dD DAV1-CAS1 (1398km)
10
dD MAW1-CAS1 (2028km)
0
-10
dD MAW1-DAV1 24h (636km)
-20
61
61.5
STORM OF
3 March 2001
62
62.5
63
63.5
64
64.5
DOY2001
65
65.5
66
66.5
67
TZD from IGS data sets (GPS output solutions)
Envelope was calculated on the base of IGS TEC daily maps.
2.31
TZD for CAS1
TZD for MAW1
40
2.3
36
2.29
32
2.28
28
2.27
24
IP S G e o m a g n e tic W a r n in g
2.26
TZD for DAV1
20
2.25
61
61.5
62
62.5
63
63.5
64
64.5
65
65.5
66
66.5
67
DOY2001
WORKING GROUP ON GEODESY & GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Shanghai, China, 14 – 17 July 2002
TZD [mm]
envelope of VTEC [TECU]
44
STORM OF
3 March 2001
WORKING GROUP ON GEODESY & GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Shanghai, China, 14 – 17 July 2002
STORM OF
3 March 2001
3Ant-a.grf
800
PINNACLE (L1&L2c)
400
400
dH MAW1-DAV1
dH [mm]
dD MAW1-DAV1
dD [mm]
200
0
0
-200
-400
-400
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
DOY2001
200
800
PINNACLE (VLBL)
dD DAV1-CAS1
400
dH DAV1-CAS1
0
0
-100
dH [mm]
dD [mm]
100
-400
-200
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
DOY2001
WORKING GROUP ON GEODESY & GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Shanghai, China, 14 – 17 July 2002
-800
Final Remarks
• Analysis of recent data does not prove
considerable influence of ionosphere storm
on resolved vector components
• The magnitudes of variations in vector
components due to atmospheric impact
seem to be dependent on data processing
procedure used
• No correlation between the strength of
ionospheric storms and variability of vector
components derived from GPS data was
observed
• Further investigations on
– software applied for data processing
– parametrization
– data modeling
are needed to study atmospheric impact
on GPS solutions
WORKING GROUP ON GEODESY & GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Shanghai, China, 14 – 17 July 2002
PAPERS PUBLISHED / PRESENTED
(1)
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Krankowski, A., Baran, L.W., Shagimuratow, I.I., Cisak, J., (2001):
Influence of Ionosphere in Arctic and Antarctic Regions on GPS
Positioning Precision, SCAR Report, Publication of the Scientific
Committee on Antarctic Research, Scott Polar Research Institute,
Cambridge,UK
Baran, L.W., Wielgosz, P., Cisak, J., Shagimuratow, I.I., (2001): The
Response of Polar Ionosphere to a Magnetic Storm Obtained from
GPS Observations, SCAR Report, Publication of the Scientific
Committee on Antarctic Research, Scott Polar Research Institute,
Cambridge,UK
Kryński, J., Zanimonskiy, Y., (2001): Contribution of Data from Polar
Regions to the Investigation of Short Term Geodynamics. First
Results and Perspectives, SCAR Report, Publication of the
Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, Scott Polar Research
Institute, Cambridge,UK
Manning, J., Cisak, J., (2002): Overview of the SCAR/WGGGI/GIANT activities within the project on the Atmospheric Impact
on GPS Observations in Antarctica and possible fields of
cooperation with IGS/Iono WG. Proceedings of IGS/IAACs
Ionosphere Workshop, Darmstadt, 17-18 January 2002
Krankowski, A., Baran, L.W., Shagimuratow, I.I., Cisak, J., (2001):
Influence of Ionosphere in Antarctic Regions on GPS Positioning
Precision, Proceedings of IGS/IAACs Ionosphere Workshop,
Darmstadt, 17-18 January 2002
Ephishov I.I., Cisak J., Shagimuratov I.I, Wielgosz P. (2002): Phase
fluctuations of GPS Signals at High attitude Ionosphere during the
Storm, presented on 16th International Wroclaw Symposium
“Electromagnetic Compatibility”, June 25 – 28, 2002
WORKING GROUP ON GEODESY & GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Shanghai, China, 14 – 17 July 2002
PAPERS PUBLISHED / PRESENTED
(2)
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Cisak, J., (2002): Overview of the SCAR/WG-GGI/GIANT Activities as an
Introduction to the Workshop, Paper presented at the International
workshop on "Atmospheric impact on GPS observations focused on polar
regions", 15 May 2002, Warsaw, Poland
Figurski, M, (2002): Atmospheric Impact on Precision of the Positioning in
Regional GPS Network, Paper presented at the International workshop on
"Atmospheric impact on GPS observations focused on polar regions", 15
May 2002, Warsaw, Poland
Krynski, J., (2002): Variations in GPS Solutions versus Atmospheric Delay,
Paper presented at the International workshop on "Atmospheric impact on
GPS observations focused on polar regions", 15 May 2002, Warsaw,
Poland
Zanimonskiy, Y., Krynski, J., Cisak, J., (2002): Correlation of the
Atmospheric and Geodetic time Series of GPS Results. Impact,
coincidence or artifact? Paper presented at the International workshop on
"Atmospheric impact on GPS observations focused on polar regions", 15
May 2002, Warsaw, Poland
Krankowski, A., (2002): Modeling of the Ionosphere in Polar Regions,
Paper presented at the International workshop on "Atmospheric impact on
GPS observations focused on polar regions", 15 May 2002, Warsaw,
Poland
Shagimuratov, I., (2002): Storm-time Ionospheric Effects Obtained from
GPS TEC Measurements, Paper presented at the International workshop
on "Atmospheric impact on GPS observations focused on polar regions",
15 May 2002, Warsaw, Poland
Wielgosz, P., (2002): Use of Deterministic Ionospheric Component in GPS
Observations Processing, Paper presented at the International workshop
on "Atmospheric impact on GPS observations focused on polar regions",
15 May 2002, Warsaw, Poland
WORKING GROUP ON GEODESY & GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Shanghai, China, 14 – 17 July 2002
PAPERS PUBLISHED / PRESENTED
(3)
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Zanimonskaya, A.Y., Prokopov, A.V., (2002): Some Effects of
Ionosphere Model Thickness on GPS Results, Paper presented at
the International workshop on "Atmospheric impact on GPS
observations focused on polar regions", 15 May 2002, Warsaw,
Poland
Vey, S., (2002): Tropospheric Research using GPS, Activities in
Dresden, Paper presented at the International workshop on
"Atmospheric impact on GPS observations focused on polar
regions", 15 May 2002, Warsaw, Poland
Kruczyk, M., (2002): Tropospheric Delay in GPS Permanent
Networks – a Tool for Atmosphere Research, Paper presented at
the International workshop on "Atmospheric impact on GPS
observations focused on polar regions", 15 May 2002, Warsaw,
Poland
Kryński, J., Zanimonskiy, Y., Wielgosz, P., (2002): Modelling biases
in GPS Positioning Based on Short Observing Sessions, Presented
at the XXVII General Assembly of European Geophysical Society
2002, Nice, France, 21-26 April 2002.
Cisak, J., Kryński, J., Zanimonskiy, Y., (2002): GPS and internet in
recent remote geophysical research in polar regions (in russian),
Paper presented at the International Conference on Modern
Progresses of Geodetic Sciences and Industry, 28-30 March, Lvov,
Ukraine.
Kryński, J., Cisak, J., Zanimonskaya, A., Prokopov, A.,
Zanimonskiy, Y., (2002): On some errors in zenith tropospheric
delay determination from GPS data, Paper presented at the
International Conference on Modern Progresses of Geodetic
Sciences and Industry, 28-30 March, Lvov, Ukraine
WORKING GROUP ON GEODESY & GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Shanghai, China, 14 – 17 July 2002