The Periodic Table of
Elements
1
1
18
1
H
2
13 14 15 16 17
1.008
2
3
6
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Be
B
C
N
O
F
Ne
6.941
9.012
11
12
Na
Mg
24.305
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12
10.811
12.001
14.007
15.999
18.998
20.180
13
14
15
16
17
18
Al
26.982
Si
28.086
P
30.974
S
32.066
Cl
35.453
Ar
39.948
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
K
Ca
Sc
44.956
V
Cr
Mn
40.078
Ti
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
47.87
50.942
51.996
54.938
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Rb
Sr
Y
Zr
Nb
Mo
85.468
87.62
92.906
95.94
Tc
55
88.906
91.224
56
71
72
73
Cs
Ba
Lu
137.327
174.967
Hf
Ta
87
88
103
Fr
Ra
(223)
(226)
132.905
7
4.003
3
39.098
5
He
Li
22.990
4
2
Lr
(262)
55.845
44
Ru
72.61
74.922
78.96
79.904
83.80
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
I
Xe
107.868
112.4
114.818
118.710
121.760
127.60
126.904
131.29
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
Tl
Pb
Bi
Po
At
Rn
116
Uuh
117
118
Uus
Uuo
Os
104
105
106
107
Rf
Db
Actinides
69.723
106.42
Re
Lanthanides
65.39
102.906
W
(262)
63.546
101.07
183.84
(261)
58.69
(98)
180.95
178.49
58.933
186.207
192.217
195.078
Pt
Au
Hg
108
109
110
111
Mt
112
Uub
190.23
Sg
Bh
Hs
(266)
(264)
(269)
Ir
(268)
196.967
Ds
Rg
(269)
(272)
200.59
(285)
204.383
207.2
208.980
113
114
115
Uut
Uuq
Uup
(284)
(289)
(288)
(209)
(292)
(210)
(222)
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
La
Ce
Pr
Nd
Sm
Eu
Gd
Tb
Dy
Ho
Er
Tm
140.116
140.908
164.930
167.26
168.934
Yb
138.906
144.24
Pm
173.04
(145)
150.36
151.964
157.25
158.925
162.50
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
Ac
Th
Pa
U
Np
Pu
Am
Cm
Bk
Cf
Es
Fm
Md
No
232.038
231.036
238.029
(257)
(258)
(259)
(227)
(237)
(244)
(243)
(247)
(247)
(251)
(252)
What is the Periodic Table?
• It is an organizational system for elements.
Picture from www.chem4kids.com
Why is the Periodic Table Important?
• The periodic table is
the most useful tool to
a chemist.
• It organizes lots of
information about all
the known elements
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lDp9hUf_SV8&edufilte
r=vH8ntV7keCE-ZLl5wRMzNg
Remember that an Element
• Is a pure substance made up of one kind
of atom that cannot be broken down into
simpler substances by physical or
chemical means
• 90 occur naturally on earth
• 25 were synthesized (made) by scientists
http://www.privatehand.com/flash/elements.html
http://www.scienceraps.co.uk/rap_science_periodic_table.h
tml
Who created the it?
Dmitri Mendeleev
In 1869, Russian chemist
Dimitri Mendeleev proposed
arranging elements by
atomic weights and
properties.
Image taken from:
http://jscms.jrn.columbia.edu/cns/2006-04-18/fido-luxuriantflowinghair/mendeleev/
Mendeleev’s Published Periodic Table of Elements
Why do you think there are question marks here?
Image taken from: http://www.chemsoc.org/networks/learnnet/periodictable/post16/develop/mendeleev.htm
Who was Henry Moseley?
• Arranged elements by
atomic number instead of
mass
• Realized that there were
undiscovered elements
Image taken from:
http://dewey.library.upenn.edu/sceti/smith/
So how is it arranged?
• The genius of the periodic table “is that it
is organized like a big grid. The elements
are placed in specific places because of the
way they look and act. If you have ever
looked at a grid, you know that there are
rows (left to right) and columns (up and
down). The periodic table has rows and
columns, too, and they each mean
something different.”
•
quoted from
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/elem_pertable.html
Periods =Rows
• Even though they skip
some squares in
between, all of the rows
go left to right. When
you look at a periodic
table, each of the rows
is considered to be a
different period (Get it?
Like PERIODic table.)
•
quoted from
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/elem_pertable.html
Groups=Columns
• The periodic table has
a special name for its
columns, too. When a
column goes from top
to bottom, it's called a
group.
•
quoted from
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/elem_pertable.html
The Modern Periodic Table
(3 main categories)
1
1
Class
1
H
Metal
2
3
3
4
Li
Be
6.941
9.012
11
12
Na
Mg
22.990
4
6
5
6
7
8
9
10
C
N
O
F
Ne
6
7
8
9
10
11 12
20.180
12.001
14.007
15.999
18.998
13
14
15
16
17
18
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
Ar
26.982
28.086
30.974
32.066
35.453
39.948
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
K
Ca
Sc
44.956
V
Cr
Mn
40.078
Ti
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
47.87
50.942
51.996
54.938
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Rb
Sr
Y
Zr
Nb
Mo
85.468
87.62
92.906
95.94
Tc
88.906
91.224
(98)
55.845
44
Ru
101.07
58.933
58.69
63.546
65.39
69.723
72.61
74.922
78.96
79.904
83.80
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
I
Xe
102.906
106.42
107.868
112.4
114.818
118.710
121.760
127.60
126.904
131.29
55
56
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
Cs
Ba
Lu
Ta
137.327
174.967
Hf
W
Re
Os
190.23
Ir
192.217
Pt
195.078
Au
Hg
200.59
Tl
204.383
Pb
207.2
Bi
208.980
Po
At
Rn
103
112
Uub
113
114
115
117
118
Uut
Uuq
Uup
116
Uuh
Uus
Uuo
(284)
(289)
(288)
68
69
70
132.905
7
5
2
He
B
10.811
4
17
4.003
Metalloid
3
15 16
19
39.098
5
24.305
13 14
Non-Metal
1.008
2
18
Color
87
88
Fr
Ra
(223)
(226)
Lr
(262)
178.49
180.95
183.84
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
Rf
Db
Sg
Bh
Hs
Mt
Ds
Rg
(266)
(264)
(269)
(269)
(272)
(261)
Lanthanides
Actinides
(262)
57
58
186.207
59
60
Nd
La
Ce
Pr
138.906
140.116
140.908
144.24
(268)
61
62
Pm
Sm
(145)
150.36
196.967
63
Eu
151.964
(285)
64
Gd
157.25
65
Tb
158.925
66
Dy
162.50
67
(209)
(292)
(210)
(222)
Er
Tm
164.930
167.26
168.934
173.04
Ho
Yb
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
Ac
Th
Pa
U
Np
Pu
Am
Cm
Bk
Cf
Es
Fm
Md
No
232.038
231.036
238.029
(257)
(258)
(259)
(227)
(237)
(244)
(243)
(247)
(247)
(251)
(252)
Metals
•
Location
Found on the left of the
79
zigzag line/staircase on the
Au
periodic table
Chemical Properties
Reactivity- ease and speed
with which an element
combines with other elements
or compounds
11
Have few electrons in their
Na
outer energy level, thus lose
electrons easily
Physical Properties
ductile, good conductors of
Image taken from:
http://chemistry.about.com/od/periodictableelements/ig/E
heat and electricity,
lement-Photo-Gallery.--98/Sodium.htm
malleable, shiny, most are
solid @ room temperature
What metal is not a solid
196.967
•
•
22.990
•
@ room temperature?
Atoms with Few Electrons in
their Outer Energy Level
Notice: only 1
electron in outer
level
-
+
-
+ +
-
++
+
+
++
+ +
++ +
-
Notice: only
2 electrons
in outer level
-
-
Be
22.990
-
-
9.012
Na
-
+
4
11
-
-
-
Non-Metals
Location
• Most found to the right of
the zigzag line/staircase on
the periodic table
Chemical Properties
• Most have almost full outer
energy levels, thus they
tend to gain electrons;
some have completely full
outer level
Physical Properties
• not ductile or malleable,
Dull, Brittle , poor
conductors, most are solid,
but some are gas at room
temperature
17
Cl
35.453
Image taken from:
http://nobel.scas.bcit.ca/resource/ptable/cl.htm
16
S
32.066
Image taken from:
https://www.dmr.nd.gov/ndgs/rockandmineral/sulfur.asp
Atoms with Full or Almost Full
Outer Energy Level
8
-
O
-
15.999
-
++ +
+ + +
+ +
-
-
-
-
Notice: 2
electrons in
outer level –
FULL
-
+
+
-
2
-
He
-
4.003
-
Notice: 6
electrons in
outer level –
almost full
+++
+ + +
++ +
-
9
F
18.998
-
-
Notice: 7
electrons in
outer level –
almost full
Metalloids
Location
• Border the zigzag
line/staircase on the
periodic table
Chemical Properties
• Outer electron shells are
about half-full
Physical Properties
• have properties of
both metals and nonmetals
14
Si
28.086
Image taken from:
http://library.thinkquest.org/C0113863/bios.shtml
5
B
10.811
Image taken from:
http://library.thinkquest.org/C0113863/bios.shtml
Atoms with ½ (≈) Complete
Outer Energy Level
Notice: only 4
electrons in outer
level
5
B
-
-
10.811
++
+ +
+
-
-
-
-
Notice: only 3
electrons in outer
level
-
+ +++ +
+
++
+ +
+ + ++
-
-
-
-
14
Si
-
28.086
-
-
Coloring Periodic Table
(Homework)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Title “The Periodic Table of Elements”
Create Element Key
Draw Zigzag
Number periods and groups
Color Metals ORANGE
Color Nonmetals BLUE
Color Metalloids GREEN
The periodic table is divided into horizontal
rows called PERIODS
Periods are
numbered 1-7
1
1
1
H
18
2
13 14
15 16
17
1.008
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Li
Be
B
C
N
O
F
Ne
6.941
9.012
11
12
Na
Mg
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 12
14.007
15.999
18.998
13
14
15
16
17
18
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
Ar
26.982
28.086
30.974
32.066
35.453
39.948
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
Ca
Sc
Ti
V
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
40.078
37
38
Rb
Sr
87.62
44.956
47.87
50.942
51.996
54.938
39
40
41
42
43
Y
Zr
Nb
Mo
92.906
95.94
Tc
88.906
91.224
(98)
55.845
44
Ru
101.07
58.933
58.69
63.546
65.39
69.723
72.61
74.922
78.96
79.904
83.80
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
I
Xe
106.42
107.868
112.4
114.818
118.710
121.760
127.60
126.904
131.29
102.906
55
56
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
Cs
Ba
Lu
Ta
137.327
174.967
Hf
W
Re
Os
Ir
Pt
Au
Hg
200.59
Tl
204.383
Pb
207.2
Bi
208.980
Po
At
Rn
103
112
Uub
113
114
115
117
118
Uut
Uuq
Uup
116
Uuh
Uus
Uuo
(284)
(289)
(288)
132.905
7
3
20.180
12.001
K
85.468
6
24.305
10.811
19
39.098
5
4.003
3
22.990
4
2
He
87
88
Fr
Ra
(223)
(226)
Lr
(262)
178.49
180.95
183.84
190.23
192.217
195.078
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
Rf
Db
Sg
Bh
Hs
Mt
Ds
Rg
(266)
(264)
(269)
(269)
(272)
(261)
Lanthanides
Actinides
(262)
186.207
(268)
196.967
(285)
(209)
(292)
(210)
(222)
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
La
Ce
Pr
Nd
Sm
Dy
Er
158.925
164.930
167.26
168.934
Yb
151.964
162.50
Ho
140.908
157.25
Tb
140.116
150.36
Gd
138.906
(145)
Eu
Tm
144.24
Pm
173.04
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
Ac
Th
Pa
U
Np
Pu
Am
Cm
Bk
Cf
Es
Fm
Md
No
232.038
231.036
238.029
(257)
(258)
(259)
(227)
(237)
(244)
(243)
(247)
(247)
(251)
(252)
FROM LEFT TO RIGHT OR RIGHT TO LEFT
How many
periods
(rows)
are on the
Periodic
Table
Of
Elements?
Period (Row) Properties
• Seven periods on a periodic table (numbered
from the top down)
• Atomic numbers and atomic masses increase as
you move from the left to the right in a period
• All atoms of the elements in the same period
have the same number of orbitals/levels
– Example
• Period 1 = 1 orbital
• Period 2 = 2 orbitals
• Period 3 = 3 orbitals
• Etc…
Examples of Period (Row) elements having the same
number of orbitals/levels in their atoms
-
-
-
In what period
(row) do
you think these
atoms
reside?
-
+
+++ ++
+ +
-
-
-
+
++
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
In what period
(row) do
you think these
atoms
reside?
-
-
-
-
-
-
+++
+
++ +
+
++ +
++ +
+
+++ ++
+
++ ++
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
The Periodic Table is divided into
vertical columns: Group (Family)
•each column of elements on the periodic table 1-18
1
1
1
H
2
1.008
2
3
4
3
4
Li
Be
6.941
9.012
17
2
He
4.003
5
6
7
8
9
10
B
C
N
O
F
Ne
10.811
20.180
12.001
14.007
15.999
18.998
13
14
15
16
17
18
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
Ar
12
Mg
22.990
24.305
26.982
28.086
30.974
32.066
35.453
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
K
Ca
Sc
Ti
V
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
40.078
37
38
Rb
Sr
87.62
3
44.956
4
47.87
5
50.942
6
51.996
7
54.938
39
40
41
42
43
Y
Zr
Nb
Mo
92.906
95.94
Tc
88.906
91.224
(98)
8
55.845
44
Ru
101.07
9
58.933
10
58.69
11 12
63.546
65.39
69.723
72.61
74.922
78.96
79.904
39.948
83.80
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
I
Xe
106.42
107.868
112.4
114.818
118.710
121.760
127.60
126.904
131.29
102.906
55
56
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
Cs
Ba
Lu
Ta
137.327
174.967
Hf
W
Re
Os
Ir
Pt
Au
Hg
200.59
Tl
204.383
Pb
207.2
Bi
208.980
Po
At
Rn
103
112
Uub
113
114
115
117
118
Uut
Uuq
Uup
116
Uuh
Uus
Uuo
(284)
(289)
(288)
132.905
7
15 16
11
85.468
6
13 14
Na
39.098
5
18
How many groups
(families)
are on the
Periodic Table
Of Elements?
87
88
Fr
Ra
(223)
(226)
Lr
(262)
178.49
180.95
183.84
190.23
192.217
195.078
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
Rf
Db
Sg
Bh
Hs
Mt
Ds
Rg
(266)
(264)
(269)
(269)
(272)
(261)
Lanthanides
Actinides
(262)
186.207
(268)
196.967
(285)
(209)
(292)
(210)
(222)
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
La
Ce
Pr
Nd
Sm
Dy
Er
158.925
164.930
167.26
168.934
Yb
151.964
162.50
Ho
140.908
157.25
Tb
140.116
150.36
Gd
138.906
(145)
Eu
Tm
144.24
Pm
173.04
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
Ac
Th
Pa
U
Np
Pu
Am
Cm
Bk
Cf
Es
Fm
Md
No
232.038
231.036
238.029
(257)
(258)
(259)
(227)
(237)
(244)
(243)
(247)
(247)
(251)
(252)
FROM TOP TO BOTTOM OR BOTTOM TO THE TOP
Group (Family) Properties
•
18 groups (numbered from
left to right)
• Atoms of elements in the
same group have the same
number of valence electrons
Exceptions:
• Transition elements
(3-12)
• Helium (actually has 2
valence electrons)
• Elements in groups usually
have similar physical and
chemical properties
• Families have names rather
than numbers (just like your
family)
Examples of Group 1 Elements with the
same # of valence electrons
How many electrons do
each of these atoms have
in their outer
orbital/level?
-
1
H
1.008
+
3
Li
6.941
11
Na
-
22.990
-
-
19
-
K
-
39.098
-
++
+
++ +
+ +
++ +
-
+
37
Rb
-
+ +
-
85.468
55
Cs
132.905
87
-
-
Fr
(223)
-
What group (family) do
these elements reside in?
Group (Family) Names
Alkali
Alkaline
MetalsEarth
Noble
Boron
Nitrogen
Carbon
Oxygen
Gases
GroupGroupGroupGroup
Halogens
Metals
Transition Metals
1
1
1
H
18
2
13 14
15 16
17
1.008
2
3
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Be
B
C
N
O
F
Ne
6.941
9.012
11
12
Na
Mg
6
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 12
20.180
12.001
14.007
15.999
18.998
13
14
15
16
17
18
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
Ar
26.982
28.086
30.974
32.066
35.453
39.948
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
K
Ca
Sc
44.956
V
Cr
Mn
40.078
Ti
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
47.87
50.942
51.996
54.938
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Rb
Sr
Y
Zr
Nb
Mo
85.468
87.62
92.906
95.94
Tc
88.906
91.224
(98)
55.845
44
Ru
101.07
58.933
58.69
63.546
65.39
69.723
72.61
74.922
78.96
79.904
83.80
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
I
Xe
102.906
106.42
107.868
112.4
114.818
118.710
121.760
127.60
126.904
131.29
55
56
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
Cs
Ba
Lu
Ta
137.327
174.967
Hf
W
Re
Os
190.23
Ir
192.217
Pt
195.078
Au
Hg
200.59
Tl
204.383
Pb
207.2
Bi
208.980
Po
At
Rn
103
112
Uub
113
114
115
117
118
Uut
Uuq
Uup
116
Uuh
Uus
Uuo
(284)
(289)
(288)
68
69
70
132.905
7
24.305
10.811
19
39.098
5
4.003
Li
22.990
4
2
He
87
88
Fr
Ra
(223)
(226)
Lr
(262)
178.49
180.95
183.84
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
Rf
Db
Sg
Bh
Hs
Mt
Ds
Rg
(266)
(264)
(269)
(269)
(272)
(261)
Lanthanides
Actinides
(262)
57
58
186.207
59
60
Nd
La
Ce
Pr
138.906
140.116
140.908
144.24
(268)
61
62
Pm
Sm
(145)
150.36
196.967
63
Eu
151.964
(285)
64
Gd
157.25
65
Tb
158.925
66
Dy
162.50
67
(209)
(292)
(210)
(222)
Er
Tm
164.930
167.26
168.934
173.04
Ho
Yb
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
Ac
Th
Pa
U
Np
Pu
Am
Cm
Bk
Cf
Es
Fm
Md
No
232.038
231.036
238.029
(257)
(258)
(259)
(227)
(237)
(244)
(243)
(247)
(247)
(251)
(252)
Identify the Element
1
1
18
1
H
2
13 14
15 16
17
1.008
2
3
5
6
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Be
B
14.007
O
15.999
F
9.012
12.001
N
6.941
10.811
C
18.998
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Na
Mg
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
Ar
24.305
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 12
26.982
28.086
30.974
32.066
35.453
10
Ne
20.180
39.948
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
K
Sc
40.078
44.956
Ti
47.87
V
50.942
Cr
Mn
39.098
Ca
51.996
54.938
Fe
Co
Ni
58.69
Cu
63.546
Zn
65.39
Ga
69.723
Ge
72.61
As
74.922
Se
78.96
Br
79.904
Kr
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
Rb
Sr
Y
Zr
Nb
Mo
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
I
Xe
87.62
95.94
Rh
85.468
92.906
Tc
102.906
106.42
107.868
112.4
114.818
118.710
121.760
127.60
126.904
131.29
88.906
91.224
(98)
55.845
44
Ru
101.07
58.933
83.80
55
56
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
Cs
Ba
Lu
Ta
137.327
174.967
Hf
W
Re
Os
Ir
Pt
Au
Hg
200.59
Tl
204.383
Pb
207.2
Bi
208.980
Po
At
Rn
103
112
Uub
113
114
115
117
118
Uut
Uuq
Uup
116
Uuh
Uus
Uuo
(284)
(289)
(288)
132.905
7
4.003
Li
22.990
4
2
He
87
88
Fr
Ra
(223)
(226)
Lr
(262)
178.49
180.95
183.84
190.23
192.217
195.078
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
Rf
Db
Sg
Bh
Hs
Mt
Ds
Rg
(266)
(264)
(269)
(269)
(272)
(261)
Lanthanides
Actinides
(262)
186.207
(268)
196.967
(285)
(209)
(292)
(210)
(222)
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
La
Ce
Pr
Nd
Sm
Eu
Gd
Tb
Dy
Ho
Er
Tm
140.116
140.908
164.930
167.26
168.934
Yb
138.906
144.24
Pm
173.04
89
90
91
Ac
Th
232.038
(227)
(145)
150.36
92
93
Pa
U
Np
231.036
238.029
(237)
151.964
157.25
94
95
Pu
Am
(244)
(243)
158.925
162.50
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
Cm
Bk
Cf
Es
Fm
Md
No
(257)
(258)
(259)
(247)
(247)
(251)
(252)
Carbon - C
Strontium
Astatine
- At
- Sr- Rf
Period 4
Group
17
2 –––Period
5
Group
Period2
14
76
 Rutherfordium
Using the Periodic Table
• The boxes that make up the periodic table contain a
significant amount of information. To understand this
information, it is necessary to refer to the periodic table’s
key(s)
8
Atomic Number
O
Element Symbol
Oxygen
Element Name
15.999
Class
Metal
Non-Metal
Metalloid
Color
Which class
does Oxygen
fall into?
(Number of protons)
(Written with a capital letter or a capital
followed by a lower case if two letters )
Atomic Mass
(Rounded to a whole number, equals
the number of protons and neutrons)
State
(@ Room Temp.)
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Symbol
Color
What is
Oxygen’s
physical state
of matter?
Hydrogen
• Hydrogen belongs to a
family of its own.
• Rarely found as pure
element, mostly in H20
• Hydrogen is a diatomic,
reactive gas.
• Hydrogen was involved
in the explosion of the
Hindenberg.
Alkali Metals
• Group 1 Elements:
(not including
Hydrogen)
Lithium, Rubidium Sodium,
Cesium Potassium, Francium
MOST reactive metals,
never found
uncombined in nature
(like in salt).
• 1 electron in the outer
shell
• Soft and silvery metals
• Conduct electricity
Alkaline Earth Metals
The Group 2 Elements
Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium
Strontium, Barium ,Radium
• 2 electrons in the outer shell
• White and malleable
• Reactive, but less than Alkali
metals
• Conduct electricity
• Several of these
elements are important
mineral nutrients (such
as Mg and Ca)
Transition Metals
• Elements in groups 3-12
• Less reactive, harder
metals
 Good conductors of heat and
electricity.
 Some are used for jewelry.
 The transition metals are able to
put up to 32 electrons in their
second to last shell.
 Can bond with many elements
in a variety of shapes.
Boron Family
• Elements in group
13
Boron ,Aluminum, Gallium,
Indium, Thallium
• Aluminum metal was
once rare and
expensive, not a
“disposable metal.”
• Elements have 3
valence electrons.
• All are metals except
Boron (metalloid)
• Aluminum is the most
common metal in the
Earth’s crust.
Carbon Family
• Elements in group 14
Carbon, Silicon,
Germanium, Tin, Lead
• Contains elements
important to life and
computers.
• Carbon is the basis for an
entire branch of
chemistry.
• Elements have 4 valence
electrons
• Silicon is used to make
semiconductors for
computers and other
electronics .
• Diamond and Graphite
are two forms of carbon.
Nitrogen Group
• Elements in group
15
• Nitrogen makes up over
¾ of the atmosphere.
• Nitrogen and phosphorus
are both important in
living things.
• The red stuff on the tip of
matches is phosphorus.
• Elements have 5 valence
electrons
• Can share electrons
to form compounds
• Contains metals,
metalloids, and nonmetals
Oxygen or Chalcogens Family
• Elements in group 16
Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium,
Tellurium, Polonium
• Oxygen is necessary for
respiration.
• Many things that stink,
contain sulfur (rotten
eggs, garlic, skunks, etc
• About 20% of the Earth’s
atmosphere is oxygen.
Halogens
• Elements in group 17
• Fluorine, chlorine,
bromine and iodine
• Very reactive, volatile,
diatomic, nonmetals
• Always found combined
with other elements in
nature.
• Used as disinfectants and
to strengthen teeth.
• The Halogens form salts
with the alkali metals.
• Fluorine is an active
ingredient in toothpaste
The Noble Gases
• Elements in group 18
Helium, Neon, Argon,
Krypton, Xenon, Radon
• VERY unreactive,
monatomic gases
• Used in lighted “neon”
signs
• Do NOT ordinarily
form compounds.
• Have a full valence shell
The Lanthanides and The
Actinides
• The Lanthanides
• Soft metals that can be
cut with a knife.
• Were once called rare
earth metals.
• Glass used in computer
and TV screens contain
Yttirum and Europium
• The Actinides
• All actinides are
radioactive.
• Thorium, Proactinium
and Uranium are the only
actinides found naturally
on earth.
• Plutonium is used to fuel
nuclear power plants.
What is an ION?
• Charged atoms (or groups of
atoms) are called ions.
• An atom becomes charged by
either gaining or losing one or
more electrons.
• An atom that has lost one or
more e- is a positive ion or
(cation). The atom now has
more protons than e-.
• An atom that has gained one
or more e- is a negative ion
(anion). The atom now has
more e- than protons.
Cation or Positive Ion
Anion or Negative Ion
The Periodic Table Song
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zUDDi
WtFtEM&edufilter=vH8ntV7keCEZLl5wRMzNg