Chapter 8 Section 2 & 3
Objective
1.
2.
3.
4.
Kansas Nebraska
Act
National Colonizing
Act
Calhoun’s
Resolution
Fugitive Slave Act
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Connection of West Coast to rest of country
Southerners preferred Southern route
 Geography required passage through Northern
Mexico (we did not own this yet!)
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The Gadsden Purchase
 1853 Mexico sold this area to US for $10 million
 Part of southern New Mexico and Arizona
 Purpose- proposed site for southern route for
transcontinental railroad.
Stephen Douglas & Northerners
wanted the first transcontinental
railroad to start in Chicago
 Douglas prepared a bill to
organize territory called
Nebraska
 Southerners knew that slave
owners would not move there-blocked it – wanted the Missouri
Compromise repealed
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Creation of Nebraska to the north
Creation of Kansas to the south
To appease Southerners, Douglas proposed
to undo the 1820 Missouri Compromise (allow
slavery through “popular sovereignty”)
Gave the impression that Nebraska would be
a free state and Kansas a slave state
May 1854
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Popular Sovereignty- allowed in Kansas-Nebraska
Northern and Southern settlers rushed into Kansas
trying to create a majority for each side
Northerners got aid from abolitionists to move
Southern Missourians ‘snuck’ into the territory and
voted illegally electing a proslavery legislature
Anti-slavery supporters created their own
government
LeCompton Constitution – Pro-slavery
constitution creating their own government –
supported by Pierce
Anti-slavery forces met in Topeka=banned slavery
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The Kansas-Nebraska Act split the Whig Party
in two (Conscience Whigs v. Cotton Whigs)
Former Whig members, Free Soil Party, and
anti-slavery Democrats joined together in
1854 Congressional Elections= The
Republican Party.
Feared the power of southern planter class
Slavery should be kept out of the territories
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Charles Sumner (Mass.) – abolitionist
Singled out and accused Senator Andrew Butler
of SC.
Representative Preston Brooks approached
Sumner and beat him
Southerners supported Brooks
Northerners were appalled at the barbarism
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Republican
A new party
 former
Northern
Whigs, FreeSoiler’s &
abolitionist
Democrats
 John Fremont
 Anti-slavery
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Know-Nothings
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Democrat
 American Party
 James Buchanan
 Nativists
 Did not vote on
 Opposed
Catholic
immigration
 Millard Fillmore
Kansas-Nebraska
Act
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Dred Scott – enslaved man
Scott sued to end his slavery arguing the time he
had spent in free territory meant he was free
Decision – Chief Justice Taney ruled against him
African Americans are not US citizens &
therefore could not sue in the courts
Idea of free territory was unconstitutional &
therefore Missouri Compromise was
unconstitutional
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Abraham Lincoln
 Republican choice for
Senate
 Not an abolitionist
 Against spread of
slavery
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Stephen Douglas
 Democrat incumbent
 ‘The Little Giant’
 Indirectly favored slavery
During Lincoln-Douglas Debates- Lincoln asked
Douglas “Suppose the people of a territory vote
slavery down (Dred Scott decision said they could
not) Who would win? The Court? Or the People?
 Douglas’ statement favoring the Dred Scott ruling,
but he argued people could still keep slavery out
through laws & regulations
 Douglas won the Illinois Senate election
 Freeport Doctrine-will assure that he can’t win the
presidency! (angered Southerners)
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John Brown – abolitionist
Potawatomie Massacre (1856)
Raid on Harper’s Ferry, WV - 1859
 Seized a federal arsenal
 Tried to Arm slaves & began an insurrection
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Robert E. Lee – led Marines who put down the
raid; Brown placed on trial for treason.
Brown was hung & became a martyr
South distrusted North even more
Northerners strengthened abolitionism
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Chapter 8 Section 3
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Southern
Democrat
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 John C.
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Breckenridge
 Support Dred
Scott decision
 Endorsed
federal slave
code for
territories
Constitutional
Union Party
Formed by former
Whigs
 John Bell
 Upheld
Constitution &
the Union
 Feared splitting
of the union
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Republican
 Abraham Lincoln
 Denounced John
Brown
 Reaffirmed right of
southerners to
maintain slavery
within their borders
 Supported
Transcontinental RR,
Homestead Act
1.
2.
3.
4.
John Bell
John Breckenridge
Abraham Lincoln
None of the above
Lincoln’s name did
Did not appear on the
Ballots of 10 Southern
States.
Lincoln is a sectional
President!
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South Carolina secedes first
Crittenden’s Compromise
 Proposed Constitutional amendment protecting
slavery where it existed & reestablished Missouri
Compromise line to California Lincoln vetoed it!
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Confederate States of America
 Born February 8, 1861-SC --1st secede from US
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 Jefferson Davis chosen as president of CSA
Lincoln takes office March 4, 1861-Inaugural Speech
 Did not threaten the seceded states but intended to hold onto
the federal property in those states
Fort Sumter Falls (April 12, 1861)
Federal Fort in South Carolina
Dilemma for Davis – attack
the resupply shipment & start
a war or allow your nation’s
sovereignty to be breeched
 Confederate leaders demand
surrender of fort
 General Anderson does not &
undergoes a siege for 33 hours
before surrendering the fort to
the Confederates.
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Lincoln calls for 75,000 troops
Upper South crisis
Confederacy moves its capital to Richmond, VA
Lincoln wanted to hold onto border states of
Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland and Missouri
Lincoln declares martial law in Maryland &
suspends rights of habeas corpus
Missouri held by force of US troops
Maryland –Lincoln suspends rights of citizens