Week 1 Introductions

Course Outline
– Course Outcomes
– Evaluation Plan
– Textbook
Schedule [Syllabus]
 Academic Integrity
 Student Introductions
 Learning Style / Multiple Intelligences
 Analysis of the Story of Architecture
 Settlement to 1st Civilization
Module
1 Architectural History 1: Home
 Assignment

1
Introduce Yourself and tell us your most favorite building in the world
The next person tells the name(s) and favorite
building(s) of all the persons before them!
Architectural Quotes
4
Module 1 Architectural History
Introduce Yourself and tell us your most favorite building in the world
Handout:
Learning Styles
and Strategies
Questionnaire
The next person tells the name(s) and favorite
building(s)
all the
persons
them!
Using the shared Excel Document.
Typeofyour
name
on thebefore
MI Sheet
and place
1 across the talents column you think you posses
Introduce Yourself and tell us your most favorite building in the world
The next person tells the name(s) and favorite
building(s) of all the persons before them!
Multiple Intelligences summary
Experiential Learning
Cycle
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
What is Experiential
Learning?
Experiential Learning is an
approach to learning in which
participants engage in an
activity, reflect on the activity
critically, and obtain useful
insight and learnings.
Learning which is developed
experientially is "owned" by
the learner and becomes an
effective and integral aspect
of behavioral change. Skill
development, versus simply
acquiring knowledge and
concepts, occurs through
Experiential Learning.
http://www.universityassociates.com/DELMFull.ht
ml
What is the Experiential
Learning Cycle?

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
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

The Experiential Learning Cycle includes five sequential steps, or
stages. The steps are as follows:
Experiencing: (This is the initial stage of the cycle): Almost any
activity that involves self-assessment or interpersonal interaction may
be used as the "doing" part of experiential learning.
Publishing: After participants have experienced an activity, they are
ready to share or publish what they observed and how they felt during
that experience.
Processing: (This is the pivotal step in the experiential learning
cycle). This step, referred to as the group dynamics stage, includes
systematic examination of shared experiences by the members of the
group.
Generalizing: In this stage, the members of the group begin to focus
on their awareness of situations in their personal or work lives that
are similar to those they experienced in the group.
Applying: In this final stage, the facilitator helps participants apply
generalizations to actual situations in which they are involved.
Experiential Learning
Differences between experiential learning and
conventional training and teaching
http://www.businessballs.com/experiential_learning.htm
Chapter 2:
Settlement to First Civilizations
What are the Issues of Settlement?
History of Architecture
HIST 12797
11
Module 1 Architectural History
Homo sapiens populates the globe
Source (1)
Cro-Magnon
120,000 BP [Before Present]
Based on fossil evidence
12
Module 1 Architectural History
Homo sapiens populates the globe
Source (1)
30,000 BP
13
Module 1 Architectural History
Homo sapiens populates the globe
Source (1)
10,000 BP
14
Module 1about
Architectural
History
Population
4 million
Homo sapiens populates the globe
Early hunter-gatherers followed their food source
(1) migrating herds
– of woolly mammoths, aurochs, bison, horses
(2) seasonal plant growth such as fruit and grains

Most of wild land biomass is:
– dangerous to hunt or difficult to gather
– indigestible or even poisonous Cro-Magnon Dwelling, Ukraine
– low in nutritional value
– tedious to make edible
15
Module 1 Architectural History
Huts of Terra Amata, France
400,000 – 300,000 B.C. [Paleolithic Era] (paleo=old; lithic=stone)

Located near Nice, France, Terra Amata was a stone
age hunt camp. Huts were made of branches tied
together. Only traces remain today. Reconstruction is
based on post holes and rocks around the perimeter
These are the oldest man-made structures known

Anthropologic Periods

–
–
–
–
–
Paleolithic
Mesolithic
Neolithic
Bronze Age
Iron Age
before 8200 BC
8200 – 4800 BC
4800 – 2200 BC
2200 – 100 BC
100 BC – present
Module 1 Architectural History
16
http://www.wort-und-wissen.de/sij/sij112/img/sij112-7-2.gif
Settlement after the last Ice Age
Source (1)
Civilization starts here
Paleolithic–Neolithic-Bronze–Iron Age
Module 1 Architectural History
12,000BC
----
to
------ >
17
Today
Settlement after the last Ice Age
Cultivation after 10,000 BP, gatherers no longer
relied on chance encounters with edible plants
– purposely sow —> harvest —> resow seeds to
produce food
Bringing land under cultivation enables it support
10 to 100 times more people.
Domesticating animals introduced
readily available source of protein,
non-food products, natural fertilizer,
and work power.
18
Module 1 Architectural History
Group Discussion:
What are the Issues of Settlement
Form a group at each table
 Discuss what issues homo sapiens
encountered when they stopped being
hunter/gatherers and settled in one place.
 Write out the issues using Post-It Notes (or
the Shared PowerPoint Document).
 What kind of issues? How did they deal with
them? What kind of solutions did
they come up with? With what?

19
Module 1 Architectural History
20
Module 1 Architectural History
Group Discussion: Issues of Settlement
Are there common themes to the items you
have identified?
 Can you group them on the board under
one of the following categories?

– Technology
– Function
– Expression
– Culture
21
Module 1 Architectural History
The Elements of Architecture
Architectural
Expression
Style
Technology
Culture
Function
22
Module 1 Architectural History
The Elements of Architecture
Roman architect Vitruvius, in his book
“de Architectura”, identified three of
the main elements of architecture:
1. “Commoditie” or Utility = Function
How is the Building to be used?
Architectural Brief, Functional Programme, Circulation
+ Wayfinding, Space Planning
2. “Firmeness” or Strength = Technology
How does the Building stand up?
Materials. Structure, Building Envelope, Sustainable
Development, Life Cycle Analysis, Details
23
Module 1 Architectural History
The Elements of Architecture
Roman architect Vitruvius, in his book
“de Architectura”, identified three of the
main elements of architecture:
3. “Delight” or Grace = Expression
Is the Building attractive or beautiful?
Architectural Style, Building Design
By looking back in time with our perspective on
history, we can add
4. Culture = lifestyle, beliefs, traditions, economics,
social structure and artistic sensibilities
24
Module 1 Architectural History
The Elements of Architecture
25
Module 1 Architectural History
Sources and References
(1) Dr. Barbara J. Becker, Department of History,
University of California, Irvine. HISTORY 135E:
“Spinning the Web of Ingenuity: An Introduction to the
History of Technology.” Winter 2004

https://eee.uci.edu/clients/bjbecker/SpinningWeb/index.htm
Paleolithic Period

http://www.culture.fr/culture/arcnat/lascaux/en/
Neolithic Period/Stonehenge

http://www.jamesmdeem.com/cavestory3.htm
Culture:


http://skunk120.hubpages.com/hub/Architecture-and-Culture
http://rmnathan.hubpages.com/hub/Culture_and_Houses# 26
Module 1 Architectural History
Architectural Quotes
http://www.livescience.com/34128-limits-human-survival.html
What do we humans need to
survive?
Module 2 Answering the need for Shelter
28
http://www.livescience.com/34128-limits-human-survival.html
What do we humans need to
survive?

"rule of threes" dictates how long we
can forgo air, water and food
roughly
three minutes,
three days and three
weeks, respectively
Module 2 Answering the need for Shelter
29
Maslow’s
Hierarchy
of needs
Module 2 Answering the need for Shelter
30
The invention of
Agriculture changed
the way people
lived.

Agriculture (Farming)

Growth of Cities

Division of Labor
(Specialization)

Trade

Writing and Mathematics
Origins and Spread of
Agriculture
First Civilization
Egypt, Asian, India and
Mesopotamia
• Sumerian Civilization - Tigris & Euphrates Rivers (Mesopotamia) / Cunieform
• Egyptian Civilization - Nile River / Hieroglyphics
• Harappan Civilization - Indus River / Indus Script
• Ancient China - Huang He (Yellow) River / Chinese Characters
Early River Valley Civilizations
Environment
Sumer
Egypt
Indus
Valley
China
• Flooding of Tigris and Euphrates is unpredictable
• No natural barriers
• Limited natural resources for making tools or
buildings
• Flooding of the Nile is predictable
• Nile an easy transportation link between Egypt’s
villages
• Deserts were natural barriers
• Indus flooding is unpredictable
• Monsoon winds
• Mountains, deserts were natural barriers
• Huang He flooding is unpredictable
• Mountains, deserts natural barriers
• Geographically isolated from other ancient
civilizations
Search the internet


Groups of 4 or more
Search each of the 4 early civilization using
the architectural framework that influenced
architecture:
–
–
–
–


Culture
Function
Technology
Expression
Place your research in the Shared PowerPoint
document
Remember to copy the URL as well to
properly cite your sources
HOA 12797 is a course that will bring forward the analysis of how
culture, technology, function and architectural expressions mold
the space and form of a building
Culture
Technology
Architecture
Space and Form
Architectural
Expression
Module 2 Answering the need for Shelter
Function
Building Types
38
Share your PPT

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What have you discovered about the 1st
civilization?
How did they build their structures?
What materials did they use?
How did they try to adapt to the environment?
What type of functional spaces did they provide
for?
Who were involved in the construction of this
structures
What kind of expression of forms did they
articulate?
Other questions?
1st Civilization Summary
Comparative Timeline
Fortified Turkish Village
Reader’s Digest Everyday Life Through the Ages Page 18
Indus Valley
Major Sites and Interaction Networks
Indus Valley
Corbeled drain at Mound ET gateway
Harappa, Indus
Valley
workmen's platforms, and were first
thought to have been used to
thresh grain
Harappa, Indus
Valley
"Great Granary“ (2450 B.C)
Harappa, Indus
Valley
Reconstruction of houses of
the prehistoric village of Aaiun
in Mesopotamia
Çatal Hüyük, Turkey
Existed from approximately
7500 BCE to 5700 BCE. It is
the largest and best preserved
Neolithic site found to date.
[Discovered 1961] 61
Çatal Hüyük,
Turkey
Reconstruction
Phases in use &
Rebuilding
64
Çatal Hüyük, Turkey
Interior Reconstruction
65
Egypt
The
Geometry
of the
Immortal
http://home.comcast.net/~DiazStudents/whistory_units1.htm#egypt1
A. Harvesting grain; B. Musicians play for the workers in the
fields; C. Women winnowing the grain; D. Scribes tally the
farmer’s taxes; E. The farmer’s son tending the livestock /
cattle.
Wealthy man’s
house at
Amarna.
Mud Brickmaking
73
Ancient Egyptian Homes
http://www.crystalinks.com/egypthomes.html
Ancient
Egyptian
House
Reader’s Digest Everyday Life Through the Ages Page 26
Ancient Egyptian Homes
http://www.crystalinks.com/egypthomes.html
CHINA
CHINA
Huts of Banpo Matriarchal Clan Community
CHINA
Huts of Banpo Matriarchal Clan Community
CHINA
http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/china/ar
chitecture/
Sources and References
Marketing4marketeers
http://marketing4marketeers.wordpress.com/2010/05/07/market
ing-to-one-buyer-at-a-time/
 http://www.harappa.com/har/har0.htmlhttp://www.harappa.co
m/har/indus-saraswati-geography.html
 http://www.harappa.com/indus2/oldworld.html
 http://www.harappa.com/indus2/timeline.html
83
Module 1 Architectural History
Generalization
and Application
What have we learned from
our beginnings?
1st Civilization: Egypt, Asian,
India and Mesopotamia (GA)
Generalization and Application

Having researched and share the challenges
faced by our ancestors from the 1st civilization
and seen how Technology, Expression, Culture
and Function influenced the shape and form of
their architecture use the Shared PowerPoint
document provided and :
– write a generalization about the period (focus on
housing only) 1 to 2 sentences should be enough.
– write down as well in the same slide how you think
you can apply what you have learned from this topic.
Focus on your future career as an architectural
technologist/technician
– Provide images to highlight your points
Assignment 1

Home Video (open the word document
86
Module 1 Architectural History
Assignment 2

Toronto Tour (open the PowerPoint
document)
87
Module 1 Architectural History
See you next meeting for
another great adventure in
the history of Architecture!