PowerPoint to accompany
Essentials of Medical Language
Allan, Lockyer
Chapter 4:
Special Senses of the Eye and Ear
Essentials of the Languages of
Ophthalmology and Otology
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-1
Special Senses of the Eye
and Ear
Lesson 4.1:
Accessory Structures of the Eye
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-2
Accessory Structures of the Eye
• Eyelids, eyebrows and eyelashes
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Joe DeGrandis
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-3
Word Analysis and Definition
• Make the following terms plural:
- orbit
- canthus
- duct
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-4
Word Analysis and Definition
• Pronounce and define the meaning of the
word:
– conjunctiva
kon-junk-tie-vah
• Add the suffix -itis to the term and define
it: conjunctivitis
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-5
Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the meaning of the words:
- lacrimal
- nasolacrimal duct
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-6
Word Analysis and Definition
• Identify the elements of the following
words and define the terms:
– ophthalmologist
ophthalm/o-logist
– periorbital
periorbit-al
– photophobia
phot/o- phob-ia
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-7
Disorders of the Accessory Glands
• Conjunctivitis
Phototake, Inc./Alamy
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-8
Word Analysis and Definition
• What do the following terms have in
common? Define each term.
– blepharitis
– blepharoptosis
– blepharoplasty
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
3-9
Extrinsic Muscles of the Eye
• Stereopsis
– three-dimensional perception
– depends on an accurate alignment of the two
eyes.
• Strabismus
– known in lay terms as “cross-eyed.”
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-10
Extrinsic Muscles of the Eye
• Esotropia
– congenital esotropia
– accommodative esotropia
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-11
Extrinsic Muscles of the Eye
• Exotropia
• Amblyopia
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-12
Word Analysis and Definition
• Explain the difference(s) between the
following sets of terms:
– esotropia vs. exotropia
– ophthalmologist vs. optometrist
– extrinsic vs. intrinsic
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-13
Special Senses of the Eye
and Ear
Lesson 4.2:
The Eyeball and Seeing
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-14
The Eyeball and Seeing
• Eyeball
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-15
Word Analysis and Definition
• Write the term, pupil, in the plural and
adjective forms:
– plural
= pupillae
– adjective
= pupillary
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-16
Word Analysis and Definition
• List the following structures in order from
the outside of the eyeball to the innermost
portion of the eyeball:
pupil, retina, lens, cornea, iris
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-17
Word Analysis and Definition
• Answer:
– outermost: cornea
iris
pupil
lens
– innermost: retina
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-18
The Eyeball and Seeing
• Eyeball – retina
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-19
The Eyeball and Seeing
• Eyeball
– segments of the eye
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-20
Word Analysis and Definition
• Describe the relationship between the
following three terms:
– macula lutea
– fovea centralis
– visual acuity
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-21
The Eyeball and Seeing
• Visual pathway
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-22
The Eyeball and Seeing
• Visual pathway
– refraction
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-23
Word Analysis and Definition
• The following terms deal with image
perception. Explain the differences in the
terms:
– hyperopia
– myopia
– presbyopia
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-24
Word Analysis and Definition
• From the following elements, identify the
one that is a root:
– ation
– opia
– ism
– hyper
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-25
Special Senses of the Eye
and Ear
Lesson 4.3: Disorders of the Eye
and Ophthalmic Procedures
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-26
The Eyeball and Seeing
• Disorders of the anterior eyeball
– conjunctivitis
– corneal abrasion
– scleritis
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-27
The Eyeball and Seeing
• Disorders of the anterior eyeball
– glaucoma
National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-28
The Eyeball and Seeing
• Disorders of the anterior eyeball
– cataracts
© Dr. P. Marazzi/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-29
Word Analysis and Definition
• What do the following terms have in
common?
– abrasion
– allergen
– pollutant
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-30
The Eyeball and Seeing
• Diseases of the retina
– macular degeneration
© Volume 58/PhotoDisc/Getty
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-31
The Eyeball and Seeing
• Diseases of the Retina
– retinal detachment
“shadow invasion”
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-32
The Eyeball and Seeing
• Diseases of the retina
– diabetic retinopathy
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-33
Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the meaning of the following root
elements:
– angi
– coagul
– blast
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-34
Word Analysis and Definition
• Your optometrist tells you your far vision is
20/20. This measurement was measured
by which testing method?
– Ishihara color system
– Jaeger reading card
– Snellen letter chart
– tonometer
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-35
Special Senses of the Eye
and Ear
Lesson 4.4: The Ear and Hearing
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-36
The Ear and Hearing
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-37
Word Analysis and Definitions
• The following terms all share the same
root. Identify the common root and define
the terms:
– otologist
ot/o -logist
– otology
ot/o -logy
– otorhinolaryngologist
ot/o- rhin/o- laryng/o- logist
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-38
The Ear and Hearing
• External ear
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-39
Word Analysis and Definition
• Identify the Latin terms for the following
words:
– ear
– wax
– go through
– wing
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-40
The Ear and Hearing
• Middle ear
© ISM/Phototake
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-41
The Ear and Hearing
• Middle ear
• Keynote: The three ossicles amplify sound
so that soft sounds can be heard.
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-42
Word Analysis and Definition
• Identify the English terms for the following
Latin words:
– incus
– malleus
– ossicle
– tonsil
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-43
The Ear and Hearing
• Middle ear
– disorders of the middle ear
© Collection CNRI/Phototake
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-44
Word Analysis and Definition
• Identify the following abbreviations:
– AOM
– BOM
– OME
– PE tube
– URI
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-45
The Ear and Hearing
• Inner ear for hearing
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-46
The Ear and Hearing
• Inner ear for hearing
– hearing test procedures
• whispered speech test
• Weber test
• Rinne’s test
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-47
Word Analysis and Definition
• Identify the English terms for the following
Latin words:
– cochlea
– implant
– conductive
– vestibule
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-48
The Ear and Hearing
• Inner ear for
equilibrium and
balance
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-49
Word Analysis and Definition
• Identify and define the root of the following
terms:
– equilibrium
librium
– otolith
ot/o
– paroxysmal
paroxysm
Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
4-50