Unit 3 Review
1.
2.
3.
Cell theory
a. all organisms are composed of one or more cells, that come from preexisting cells
b. all cells contain the hereditary information ncessary for regulating cell functions and for transmitting information to
the next generation of cells
Explain how technology leads to new ideas by relating the invention of the microscope to the development of the cell theory.
How do you know if something has a normal ph, acidic or basic? 7 is neutral, below 7 is acid, above 7 is basic
4. Fill in the following chart
Lipids
Building
blocks
Examples
Necessary
elements
Functions
5.
7.


Carbohydrates
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Simple sugars
20 Amino Acid
nucleotides
Mono & Polysaccharides
glycogen, starches cellulose
C, H, O
Polypeptide
enzymes
C, H, O, N
DNA, RNA
Energy
Stored energy

Structural components
Components of cells
On cell membrane- serve as
structure

attachment side

Cell membranes & nerves


do not dissolve in water
Mitosis/Meiosis
a. Mitosis- starts with 1 cell and ends with 2 identical diploid body cells
b.
c.
6.
Fatty acidsglycerol
Wax, Fats, Phospholipid
Steroids/cholesterol
C, O, H
Components of
cells structure
Catalyst/ enzymes
skin, muscles
C, H, O, N, P
Carry genetic
information
for making proteins
Meiosis – starts with 1 cell and goes through PMAT I to produce 2 cells which then split again in PMAT II to produce 4
haploid sex cells
Mitosis/Meiosis- Identify the division and PMAT
a. Chromosomes and spindle fibers condense and the nuclear membrane fades
b. Chromosomes uncoil and the nuclear membrane forms
c. Chromosomes separate to ofpposite sides of the cell- pulled by spindle fibers
d. Spindle fibers line the chromosomes up at the equator
e. Occurs before mitosis begins; cell gets larger and the chromosomes are duplicated
Differentiate between
a. prokayotes and eukaryotes
i. prokaryote cell is simpler, and therefore smaller, than a eukaryote cell, lacking a nucleus and most of the
other organelles
ii. eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound compartments in which specific metabolic activities take place.
Most important among these is a cell nucleus
8.
Lab techniques- Experiment with elodea with
i. Stain eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound compartments in which specific metabolic activities take
place. Most important among these is a cell nucleus
ii. Adding salt water
9. What is the function of
a. ATP – energy molecule for the cell
b. Enzymes- influence the rate of chemical reactions
c. ER – network of canals used for transport
d. Ribosomes- produces proteins
e. Cell membrane- controls what enters and leaves the cell
f. Lipids- organic molecule which makes up fats; it contains high levels of energy/molecule
g. Lysosomes- contain digestive enzymes which can be used to breakdown material for the cell
h. Nucleus – organelle that controls the activity for the cell- contains DNA, heredity info.
i.
Chloroplast – contains chloroplast which absorb sunlight and where photosynthesis occurs.
j.
Cilia- hair like projections on cells which provide a method of movement
k. flagella –tail like projections on cells which provide a method of movement
10. Identify the parts of
a. Cell membrane- - lipid bi-layer; surrounds the cell & is selectively permeable
b. Organelles- membrane bound structures in eukaryote
c.
Where are the lipid bilayer, lipids, carbohydrates & proteins?
d.
Cell- label all the parts indicated-
11. Compare Photosynthesis & respiration; source of energy and what is produced
a. Photosynthesis captures sunlight and produces stored chemical energy in glucose
b. Respiration breaks down glucose to produce ATP for the cell processes.
12. If a cell is put into a solution which has more solutes (dissolved particles) outside the cell that it does inside the cell, water will
move ______________ (into/out of ) the cell. This is called ______________( hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic).
13. How is energy stored and released in ATP/ADP?
a. diffusion/osmosis;
i. diffusion- movement of materials from a high concentration gradient to low gradient
ii. osmosis- diffusion through a membrane
b. Active/passive transport
i. Active transport- needs energy?ATP ; from low to high concentrations
ii. Passive transport- no energy needed; diffusion; from high to low concentrations
c. Light dependent reactions/independent reactions
i. three phases to the light-independent reactions, collectively called the Calvin cycle:
ii. Light energy is stored as sugars/starch in the Calvin Cycle