The portion of the molecule in box 5
of Figure 12-1 is:
1. a hydrogen
bond.
2. a pyrimidine.
3. a nucleotide
4. a phosphate.
68%
24%
ah
ap
ho
sp
ha
t
e.
e
uc
le
ot
id
an
id
in
e.
4%
yr
im
ap
yd
r
og
en
bo
nd
.
4%
The final product of DNA replication
is:
83%
17%
fo
r.
..
...
es
n
ee
de
d
ea
c
en
zy
m
th
e
m
ol
ec
ul
es
,
rR
NA
...
tw
o
DN
A
tR
N
RN
A,
0%
nd
A,
a
DN
A
fra
g
m
en
ts
.
0%
m
1. DNA fragments.
2. mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA
molecules.
3. two DNA molecules,
each of which contains
one new and one old
DNA strand.
4. the enzymes needed for
further processes, such
as DNA polymerase
Which of the following cause the
unwinding of the DNA double helix?
Primosome
DNA helicase
RNA primer
RNA polymerase
DNA polymerase
48%
36%
8%
er
a
se
ym
po
l
DN
A
RN
A
po
l
ym
er
a
pr
im
RN
A
se
4%
er
4%
Pr
im
os
om
e
DN
A
he
lic
as
e
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A replication fork:
73%
14%
..
..
ed
ha
p
aY
-s
is
is
on
l
ys
ee
n
in
st
r
pr
o
uc
tu
r
ka
r
tio
ac
he
by
t
e.
n
yo
t
..
. ..
DN
A
cr
ea
te
d
is
he
re
w
as
it e
is
9%
5%
on
e
1. is a site where one DNA
strand serves as a template,
but the other strand is not
replicated.
2. is created by the action of the
enzyme RNA polymerase.
3. is only seen in prokaryotic
chromosomes.
4. is a Y-shaped structure where
both DNA strands are
replicated simultaneously.
Which of the following adds new
nucleotides to a growing DNA chain?
DNA polymerase
Primase
RNA polymerase
DNA helicase
RNA primer
60%
16%
16%
8%
er
pr
im
RN
A
as
e
he
lic
ym
po
l
DN
A
er
a
se
as
e
Pr
im
RN
A
po
l
ym
er
a
se
0%
DN
A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Why does DNA synthesis only
proceed in the 5' to 3' direction?
35%
30%
26%
9%
Be
ca
u
se
th
e
th
e
ch
r
om
on
l
he
se
ca
u
Be
Be
ca
u
se
th
a
ti
st
he
st
ti
th
a
se
Be
ca
u
os
om
Be
..
3
'e
ca
nd
us
e
of
DN
th
A
...
po
lym
er
as
e.
..
y.
..
0%
di
re
c..
.
1. Because that is the direction in
which the two strands of DNA unzip.
2. Because that is the only direction
that the polymerase can be
oriented.
3. Because the chromosomes are
always aligned in the 5'to 3'direction
in the nucleus.
4. Because the 3'end of the
polynucleotide molecule is more
electronegative than the 5'end.
5. Because DNA polymerases can only
add nucleotides to the 3'end of a
polynucleotide strand.
The 5' end of each Okazaki fragment
begins with:
52%
32%
12%
4%
ym
bi
nd
er
a
se
DN
A
po
l
m
all
as
in
g.
..
er
.
pr
im
th
..
er
im
pr
DN
A
th
e
sa
m
eR
NA
RN
A
at
e
ep
ar
as
pr
im
er
bi
n
di
n
gt
pr
im
o.
..
er
.
0%
aD
NA
1. a DNA primer binding to
the template DNA.
2. a separate RNA primer.
3. the same RNA primer
that began synthesis on
the leading strand.
4. a small DNA primer.
5. DNA polymerase binding
to the template DNA.
The DNA strand that is replicated
smoothly and continuously is called the:
primary strand.
first strand.
leading strand.
alpha strand.
lagging strand
80%
16%
4%
0%
lag
gi
ng
s
tra
nd
an
d.
alp
ha
st
r
nd
.
gs
tra
le
ad
in
an
d
ts
tr
fir
s
ar
y
st
ra
nd
.
.
0%
pr
im
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Okazaki fragments are joined
together by:
DNA polymerase.
DNA ligase
RNA ligase.
primase.
RNA polymerase.
54%
RN
A
po
l
ym
er
a
se
.
as
e.
8%
pr
im
as
e.
RN
A
lig
as
e
DN
A
lig
se
.
er
a
ym
po
l
17%
13%
8%
DN
A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What is the rounded
hourglass-shaped
globule?
55%
30%
15%
DN
A
bo
so
m
Ri
e
ba
s
en
Ni
tro
g
e
0%
e
Helicase
Nitrogen base
Ribosome
DNA
He
lic
as
1.
2.
3.
4.
According to Chargaff’s rule the
following proportion exists in DNA
a. G=C
70%
b.G>C
c. G<C
d.C=T
22%
C=
T
4%
G<
C
G>
C
G=
C
4%
If one side of the DNA strand is
GTAATC, the other side will be this
GTAATC
ACGGCT
CATTAG
GGGCCC
75%
17%
8%
GG
GC
CC
TA
G
CA
T
AC
GG
CT
C
0%
GT
AA
T
1.
2.
3.
4.
The nitrogen bases of the DNA
molecule are held together by these
1. Covalent bonds
2. Phosphodiester
bonds
3. Hydrogen bonds
4. Glue
83%
og
en
Hy
dr
Gl
ue
4%
bo
nd
s
on
ds
4%
es
te
rb
Ph
os
ph
od
i
Co
va
l
en
t
bo
n
ds
9%
DNA is described as a double helix.
Why?
A. It is made of two strands
of RNA.
B. It has two complimentary
strands that are coiled in
a spiral.
C. Every part of DNA has a
matching part on another
chromosome.
D. It can replicate itself and
made an identical copy.
92%
8%
0%
a.
.
..
at
e
its
el
f
ha
.
D.
It
c
an
pa
ve
ry
C.
E
re
pl
ic
pl
co
m
o
tw
ha
s
It
B.
rt
of
DN
A
im
en
. ..
.
st
r..
o
ft
w
eo
ad
sm
It
i
A.
0%
What term describes the phosphate, sugar, and
nitrogenous base groups
that make up DNA?
A. RNA
84%
B. thymine
C. nucleotide
D. pyrimidine
12%
in
e
id
D.
py
rim
uc
le
ot
id
e
C.
n
th
ym
in
e
0%
B.
A.
RN
A
4%
The process of copying a gene's DNA
sequence into a sequence of RNA is called
Replication
Transcription
Translation
PCR
50%
29%
21%
PC
R
n
Tr
an
sla
tio
n
tio
sc
rip
Tr
an
at
io
n
0%
Re
pl
ic
1.
2.
3.
4.
The transcribing enzyme is
Ligase
DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
amino-acyl
transferase
71%
17%
4%
se
sfe
ra
ra
n
ym
am
in
o
-a
cy
lt
po
l
RN
A
DN
A
po
l
ym
er
a
er
a
se
se
as
e
8%
Lig
1.
2.
3.
4.
Which molecule contains the genetic
code?
RNA
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
87%
13%
A
tR
N
m
RN
A
0%
DN
A
0%
RN
A
1.
2.
3.
4.
Transcription occurs along a ____ template
forming an mRNA in the ____ direction.
5' to 3'; 5' to 3‘
5' to 3'; 3' to 5‘
3' to 5'; 5' to 3‘
3' to 5'; 3' to 5'
72%
16%
12%
o
3'
t
5'
;
3'
t
o
5'
3‘
o
3'
t
5'
;
5'
t
o
5‘
o
3'
t
o
5'
t
3'
;
o
3'
;
5'
t
o
3‘
0%
5'
t
1.
2.
3.
4.
RNA contains which bases?
1. adenine, thymine,
guanine, cytosine,
uracil
2. adenine, thymine,
guanine, cytosine
3. thymine, guanine,
cytosine, uracil
4. adenine, guanine,
cytosine, uracil
58%
25%
in
e,
c
yt
os
in
..
..
ad
en
i
ne
,g
ua
n
ni
n
e,
cy
to
sin
ua
n
e,
gu
a
in
th
ym
ad
en
i
ne
,t
hy
m
in
e,
g
ua
n
in
e,
g
hy
m
ne
,t
ad
en
i
8%
i..
.
in
..
8%
Which mode of information transfer
usually does not occur?
DNA to DNA
DNA to RNA
DNA to protein
all occur in a
working cell
71%
14%
all
el
l
gc
wo
r
oc
cu
ri
n
a
DN
A
to
kin
pr
to
DN
A
5%
ot
ei
n
A
10%
RN
DN
A
to
DN
A
1.
2.
3.
4.
A DNA strand with the sequence AACGTAACG is
transcribed. What is the sequence of the mRNA
molecule synthesized?
1. AACGTAACG
83%
2. UUGCAUUGC
3. AACGUAACG
4. TTGCATTGC
17%
TT
GC
AT
TG
C
0%
AA
CG
UA
AC
G
UU
GC
AU
UG
C
AA
CG
T
AA
CG
0%
Which of the following features is common
to both DNA replication and transcription?
1. Nucleotides are added to
the 3' end of the newly
synthesized strand
2. Deoxyribonucleotides are
incorporated into the
growing sequence
3. Both RNA and DNA
polymerase require
oligonucleotide priming
4. Both RNA and DNA
polymerase initiate at
promoter sequences
68%
24%
8%
De
ox
yr
ib
Nu
cle
ot
id
es
a
re
ad
de
d
t. .
on
.
uc
le
Bo
ot
th
id
es
RN
ar
A
. ..
an
d
DN
Bo
A
th
po
RN
l..
A
.
an
d
DN
A
po
l..
.
0%
The process of producing an amino acid polymer
(polypeptide) from a RNA template is called __.
replication
transcription
translation
duplication
70%
26%
4%
n
at
io
du
pl
ic
tio
ns
la
tra
tra
ns
cr
ip
tio
n
n
0%
n
ic a
t io
re
pl
1.
2.
3.
4.
Each amino acid in a protein is specified by
several genes.
a promoter.
an mRNA molecule.
a codon.
91%
m
RN
A
od
o
ac
m
ol
ec
u.
..
ot
er
.
an
n.
4%
0%
ro
m
ap
ge
ne
s.
4%
se
ve
ra
l
1.
2.
3.
4.
When mRNA leaves the cell's nucleus, it next
becomes associated with
proteins.
a ribosome.
tRNA.
RNA polymerase.
65%
25%
10%
se
. ..
A.
RN
A
po
l
ym
er
a
tR
N
ib
os
om
ar
te
in
s.
e.
0%
pr
o
1.
2.
3.
4.
Considering the structure of double stranded DNA,
what kinds of bonds hold one complementary strand to
the other?
ionic
covalent
Van der Waals
hydrogen
hydrophobic and
hydrophilic
87%
9%
4%
ph
ob
i
ca
n.
..
ge
n
hy
dr
o
hy
dr
o
s
aa
l
de
rW
Va
n
ale
nt
0%
co
v
c
0%
io
ni
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What type of mutation is in the following DNA
sequence? original: ATCGATCGCGAT
mutated: ATCGAACGCGAT
55%
Insertion
Translocation
Point
inversion
36%
in
ve
rs
io
n
Po
i
io
n
ca
t
slo
Tr
an
nt
5%
on
5%
In
se
rti
1.
2.
3.
4.
In DNA guanine always pairs with
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Uracil
83%
8%
8%
cil
Ur
a
e
Cy
to
sin
Th
ym
in
e
0%
Ad
en
in
e
1.
2.
3.
4.
Enter question text...
1. Enter answer text...