M R S . H O L T
9 T H G R A D E

Communication involves an exchange of ideas between people. It takes place when you discuss an issue with a friend or respond to a piece of writing.
Communication is the understanding you get when you read a poem. It is the empathy you feel for others after listening to an interview with victims of natural disasters. All of this communication may change us,
but how?
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Does it make us smarter, wiser, kinder, angrier?
 Does it make us better people – or more experienced?

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Poetry is literature in verse form.
Poems have Universal Themes.
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Central message or insight into life revealed through a work
Poems use concise, musical, and emotionally
charged language to express multiple layers of meaning.
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The focus of poetry is to make a BIG impact, using as FEW words as possible.
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Word choice, or diction, of an author is immensely important in poetry.

 Reading fluently is reading smoothly and continuously.
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It includes understanding what you read and enjoying the art and skill of the writer
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Read in sentences: to figure out where to pause or stop, pay attention to the punctuation, not the end of the lines.
Use your senses: to understand the meaning of what you read, pay attention to words that appeal to sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch.

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Narrative—tells a story and has a plot, characters, and a setting
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Epic  long narrative about the feats of gods or heroes
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EXAMPLE: The Odyssey
Ballad  songlike narrative that has short stanzas and a refrain, usually feature repetition and strong meter
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Many songs are ballads…pick your favorite 
Dramatic—tells a story using a character’s own thoughts or spoken statements
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Soliloquies, dramatic monologues, etc. are forms (Shakespeare loved them!)
Lyric—express the feelings of a single speaker (most common in modern literature)
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Sonnets (Like the one in the Rhyme Scheme slide) are good examples of Lyrical Poems

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Speaker: The speaker in a poem serves the same function as the narrator in a story: to “tell” the poem.
Lines and Stanzas: most poetry is arranged in lines and stanzas, or grouping of lines.
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Couplet = 2 lines
Tercet = 3 lines
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Quatrain = 4 lines

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Similes – use like or as to compare dissimilar things
Metaphors– compares by speaking of one thing as if it is another
Personification– gives human traits to nonhuman things
Hyperbole – extreme exaggeration
Idiom - - The term refers to a set expression or a phrase comprising two or more words. The expression is not interpreted literally; the phrase is interpreted in a figurative sense. Further, idioms vary in different cultures and countries.
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Example: It’s raining cats and dogs = it’s raining hard outside
Imagery—descriptive language (adjectives) that creates vivid impressions (use of the 5 senses)

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Language has its own natural rhythms, created by the stressed (‘) and unstressed (˘) syllables of words.
Poets make use of this innate property of language to create meter, or rhythmic patterns.
The stressed and unstressed syllables are then divided into units called feet.
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Iamb: Each foot is made up of one unstressed and one stressed syllable. Wrinkled sea

Hickory, Dickory, Dock
Hickory, dickory dock,
The mice ran up the clock.
The clock struck one,
The mice ran down.
Hickory, dickory, dock.
/ - / - /
Hickory, dickory, dock,
/ / /
The mice ran up the clock.
/ /
The clock struck one,
/ /
The mice ran down.
/ - / - /
Hickory, dickory , dock.

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In addition to meter, poets use other sounds
devices, or techniques that create musical effects.
Rhyme
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Exact, or true rhyme: words that end in both the same vowel and the same consonant sound. Sun and fun.
Slant rhyme: words that end in a similar but not exact sound proved and loved
End rhyme: rhyming words that fall at the end of two or more lines crawls, walls, falls – from “The Eagle”
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Internal Rhyme: rhyming words placed within a line The mouse in the house woke the cat.

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Rhyme Scheme: A set pattern of rhyme
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The rhyme scheme is identified by assigning a different letter of the alphabet to each rhyme.
Rhyme scheme helps shape the structure of a stanza and clarifies the relationships among the lines.
English Sonnet—fourteen line lyric poem consisting of three quatrains and a couplet
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Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18

Shall I compare thee to a summer’s days?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate.
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer’s lease hath all too short a date.
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimmed;
And every fair from fair sometimes declines,
By chance, or nature’s changing course, untrimmed;
But they eternal summer shall not fade,
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st,
Nor shall death brag thou wand’rest in his shade,
When in eternal lines to Time thou grow’st.
So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
(D)
(E)
(F)
(E)
(F)
(G)
(G )
(A)
(B)
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(C)

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Repetition: the use of any language element more than once (I Have a Dream speech)
Alliteration (initial rhyme)—the repetition of the first consonant sound of words
Assonance (vowel rhyme)  the repetition of vowel sounds in words that are close to each other in a poem the green leaves flutter in the breeze
Consonance  the repetition of consonants within words that are close to each other in a poem The king sang a song
Onomatopoeia  the use of words to imitate sound.
The bees buzzed, and the brook gurgles.

“From forth the fatal loins of these two foes; A pair of star-cross’d lovers take their life.”
Which consonant sound is being repeated?
“F”

Do not go gentle into that good night,
Old age should burn and rave at close of day;
Rage, rage, against the dying of the light.
Grave men, near death, who see with blinding sight,
Blind eyes could blaze like meteors and be gay,
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
Which vowel sound is being repeated?
“a”

‘T was later when the summer went
Than when the cricket came,
And yet we knew that gentle clock
Meant nought but going home.
‘T was sooner when the cricket went
Than when the winter came,
Yet that pathetic pendulum
Keeps esoteric time.
Which consonant sound within words is repeated?
uses ‘m’ sound

Baby you're a firework
Come on let your colors burst
Make 'em go "Oh, oh, oh!"
You're gonna leave 'em fallin' down
Boom, boom, boom
Even brighter than the moon, moon, moon
It's always been inside of you, you, you
And now it's time to let it through
Which words represent sounds?
Boom = sound of a firework exploding
Do you see any other literary devices being used?
Metaphor, end rhyme, repetition

Syllable Breakdown Basho Matsuo pg 407
An old silent pond...
A frog jumps into the pond, splash! Silence again.
Temple bells die out.
The fragrant blossoms remain.
A perfect evening!
Chiyojo pg 407
Dragonfly catcher,
How far have you gone today
In your wandering?
Bearing no flowers,
I am free to toss madly
Like the willow tree.
An/ old /si/lent /pond... (5)
A/ frog/ jumps/ in/to/ the/ pond,
(7) splash! /Si/lence/ a/gain.(5)
Breakdown the syllables in the other three poems.

The fog comes
Fog by Carl Sandburg on little cat feet.
It sits looking over harbor and city on silent haunches and then moves on.

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Parallelism is the use of similar grammatical forms or patterns to express similar ideas.
Historical Context: the cultural or historical context of a story, poem, or other work of literature is the specific time and place where it was written.
Memoir: form of autobiography
Paraphrasing: using your own words to tell what someone else has written or said
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When you paraphrase a poem, you express the main
ideas of the poem in a simpler way.

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To get your creative minds working…we will start with:
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Figurative Language Worksheets
Figurative Language in Katy Perry “Firework” lyrics
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I Am, I Was, I Will Be.
Twitter Poetry Activity.
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Where I’m From – form poem
And writing 5 original poems
Poems are due when we come back from winter break!

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Today, as grace, I will allow those who did not complete their packets over break work on them now.
For those who are done, we will be peer reviewing each others work, providing quality feedback.

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Back in Unit I, we read The Cask of Amontillado and watched the video of Vincent Price telling the story.
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Vincent Price inspired Tim Burton in creating the following animated short film: Tim Burton's Vincent
Alone
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Edgar Allen Poe's Alone meet Tim Burton's Vincent
Annabel Lee Annabel Lee
A Dream within a Dream A Dream within A Dream
The Bells The Bells pg 359 - 363
The Raven as Read by James Earl Jones 382-386

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Write your own dark, gothic, poem in the style of
Edgar Allen Poe.
Some inspiration into darkness and madness…
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The Hearse Song from Scary Stories to Tell in the Dark 

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Today, we will read/recite several different poems.
As we listen to the poems, we will write 10 of the most powerful/interesting/engaging words we hear.
After we have finished the readings, we will discuss the poems and each person will share the top 3 words and I will write them on the board.

 Robert Frost
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The Road Not Taken pg 395
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Fire and Ice
Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening
 Shakespeare
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My Mistress Eyes are Nothing Like the Sun (Sonnet 130)
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Alfred, Lord Tennyson – The Eagle
Lewis Carroll – Jabberwocky pg 369
E.E. Cummings Maggie and milly and molly and may

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Spanish/English
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Pablo Neruda Sonnet XVII (both languages)
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Gabriela Minstral – Meciendo/Rocking pg. 350-351
Langston Hughes – A Dream Deferred pg 347
Alice Walker – Women pg 409
May Swenson Analysis of Baseball (video) Text 364
-365
Ernest Lawrence Thayer Casey at the Bat (video)
Text 379 - 380

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From the word wall, we as a class create, you will write your own poem using any three words from the wall
Have your rough draft ready for peer review next class.

 The assassination of President John F. Kennedy on
November 22 nd , 1963, shocked the nation and the world. In the immediate hours and days after the shooting, Americans of every walk of life expressed their grief. At the same time, leaders took steps to ensure that the government would remain stable and the country would move on. The following poems reflect varied responses to the tragic events of that day. Each piece communicates that in a single violent moment, America had changed.

by Gwendolyn Brooks
…this Good, this Decent, this Kindly man…
-SENATOR MANSFILED 1
I hear things crying in the world.
A Nightmare congress of obscure
Delirium uttering overbreath
The tilt and jangle of this death.
Who had a sense of world and man,
Who had an apt and antic grace
Lies lenient, lapsed and large beneath
The tilt and jangle of this death.
The world goes on with what it has.
Its reasoned, right and only code.
Coaxing, with military faith,
The tilt and jangle of this death.
Delirium: n. mental disturbance marked by confusion, disturbed speech, and hallucinations.
Antic: adj. wildly playful
1. Senator Mansfield (1903-2001) Senate majority leader at the time of Kennedy’s death.

by G. S. Fraser
Bullets bolt out the Life-Time-smile,
Apollo of the picture-page,
Blunt-faced young lion
Caught by vile
Death in an everlasting cage:
And, no more young men in the world,
The old men troop to honor him.
The drums beat glum,
Slight snow is swirled
In dazzling sun, pale requiem.
And pale dark-veiled Persephone,
A golden child in either hand,
Stands by white pillars;
Silently,
It seems she might for ever stand.
Requiem: n. musical service in honor of the dead.
In bright grey sun, processionals
Of Pomp and honor, and of grief,
Crown the dead head with coronals.
Some stony hearts feel some relief:
But not your hear, America,
Beating so slow and sure and strong,
Stricken in his
Triumphal car,
Guard Caesar’s bitter laurels long
With soldiers’ music, rites or war:
He had proved bravely when put on!
The soldiers shoot
Rage echoes far
Above the grave in Arlington.
1
1. Arlington: US National burial ground for soldiers killed in war and civilians who have given special services to the nation.

 Textbook page 437

 Write an expository essay in which you explain how the two poets communicate a sense of grief for
Kennedy, both as a private person and as a public figure. Support your thesis with details from the texts, including a discussion of literary techniques, word choice, and poetic structure.
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Refer to the notes you took before break on how to write an expository essay.
Essay must be 5 paragraphs, typed, double spaced, size 12 pt font, Times New Roman. Must have a title. Must have a heading with your name, date, class period.
Due next class.

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Today, we will be revising our poetry portfolio poems. In your groups, each person will share their poem and provide written feedback on the poem. Sign by your feedback.
Homework: Prepare Poetry Portfolio – type up all poems, making edits based on feedback. Winter packet, rough draft and final copies must be in portfolio. DUE NEXT CLASS
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I am, I was, I will be Poems (3 poems)
Twitter/Poetweet Poems (2 poems)
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Where I’m From Poem
5 original poems from winter packet
Poe Poem
Word Wall Poem
Essay on JFK