6th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting on
Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency
Panel: Renewable Energy for Heating and Cooling
Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, Oct. 6-8, 2005
Heating and Cooling with
Geothermal Energy
Dr. Burkhard Sanner
European Geothermal Energy Council, Brussels
Geothermische Vereinigung e.V., Geeste
Geothermal Energy can be
spectacular!
Photos of US Geological Survey
Geysirs and
volcanoes show the earth heat
Geothermal Energy can be out
of sight and hard to find…
Geothermal experts looking for traces of the system
Geothermal Energy can be out
of sight and hard to find…
Office building heated and
cooled by geothermal heat
pumps since 1991
Externally, no traces of the
ground system are visible.
Inside, only heat pumps and
piping can be seen
Office building “Technorama” at Düsseldorf airport
Geothermal Energy
Definition:
Geothermal Energy is energy stored in the form of
heat beneath the
surface of the
solid earth
(This definition is
official in Germany,
in guideline
VDI 4640)
Graph from Geothermal Education Office, California
High-Enthalpy
Geothermal Energy world-wide
Graph from Geothermal Education Office, California
High-Enthalpy
Geothermal Energy in EU
Graph from Geothermal Education Office, California
The Economic Situation of
Geothermal Energy in EU
The situation is very different in the various
countries and geothermal technologies,
according to natural resources and political
issues.
High enthalpy resources – in Italy, Greece, etc.,
for power, heat and other applications
A short glimpse at
geothermal power
First experiment to produce geothermal power, done in Italy in 1904
by prince Ginori Conti
Photo courtesy of ENEL/ERGA, Italy
Photos: Lund
Modern geothermal power
plants in Larderello, Italy
A short glimpse at
geothermal power
Bad Blumau (Austria)
ORC-turbine
• 250 kW el. output
• air-cooled
operational since end of
2000
(Photos: Prmat/Rogner)
A short glimpse at
geothermal power
Drilling rig at the
European R&D
site Soultz-sousForêts (F)
Principle of EGS
system for
geothermal
power production
The Economic Situation of
Geothermal Energy in EU
The situation is very different in the various
countries and geothermal technologies,
according to natural resources and political
issues.
High enthalpy resources – in Italy, Greece, etc.,
for power, heat and other applications
Deep geothermal energy mainly in basins
(France, Germany, Poland, Italy, Hungary, etc.)
for district heating, power, agriculture
The Potential of
Geothermal Energy in EU
Potential after Shell-study
Deep Geothermal Energy
Geothermal heating plant
Neustadt-Glewe photo O. Joswig
doublet system,
used since the late
1970s in France
and since 1984 in
(Eastern) Germany
Deep Geothermal Energy
Cross-border geothermal
district heating for the
cities Simbach (D) and
Braunau (A)
Geological
cross-section
Graph: Geoteam
Deep Geothermal Energy
• In most countries, geothermal district heating
needs some investment support, reduced interest
loans, etc. to become economic.
• Cascade uses (district heating, industry, agriculture, and other) improves economy, but
usually are very difficult to achieve due to business
obstacles, distances, etc.
• The main financial obstacle is the heat distribution
network (example: Bruchsal, D)
• For heat distribution, Eastern European countries
may have an advantage due to existing networks
Geothermal Greenhouses
Geothermal greenhouse
in Nigrita, Greece
Cultivation of spirulina
algae using geothermal
heat
Geothermal application in
the food industry
Geothermal tomato drying
in Northern Greece
The finished
product
Geothermal application in
the food industry
Fish factory in Laugar, Iceland
Geothermal fish drying in
Northern Iceland
The finished product
The Economic Situation of
Geothermal Energy in EU
The situation is very different in the various
countries and geothermal technologies,
according to natural resources and political
issues.
High enthalpy resources – in Italy, Greece, etc.,
for power, heat and other applications
Deep geothermal energy mainly in basins
(France, Germany, Poland, Italy, Hungary, etc.)
for district heating, power, agriculture
Shallow geothermal energy – geothermal heat
pumps everywhere
Remarks from various
countries
• In France, heat from geothermal district heating
carries the full VAT, natural gas only a reduced
value
• In Poland, projects are affected by not adequate
mining law, many taxes, fees and royalties.
These expenses are too high compared to the
annual heat sales, even in the biggest plant
Shallow Geothermal Energy
• For shallow geothermal systems, in several
countries a market-driven economy exists. This
is further boosted by the current oil price
development
• These countries comprise Sweden, Switzerland,
Germany, Austria, and to a lesser extend
Norway, Netherlands, etc.
Shallow Geothermal Energy
Cooling
machines
refrigerators
freezers
Swimming pool
HX
Heat
pumps
(2 x 113 kW)
primary circuit
Geothermal heating at
the Polar Circle:
Hotel Storforsen, Älvsby,
Sweden
33 BHE each 160 m deep
HX
secondary circ.
HX
Recharge Cooling
(room air)
33 Borehole heat exchangers
each 160 m deep
E-boiler
HX:
Heat Exchanger
E-boiler: Electric heating
(peak/back-up)
TD:
Towel Drying
HW-St.: Hot Water Storage
HX
Floor
heating
warm tap
water
E-boiler
cold
tap water
HWSt.
DHW
TD
Shallow Geothermal Energy
• A transition is underway of GSHP technology
into two new areas:
• Southern Europe and Mediterranean, with an
emphasis on cooling and heating
Shallow Geothermal Energy
Heating and cooling of the
guesthouse of the European
Centre for public law „Meduca“
in Legraina, Greece
2 groundwater heat pumps
GSHP for cooling (and
heating) with groundwater wells, for a
supermarket in Mersin,
Turkey
Shallow Geothermal Energy
• A transition is underway of GSHP technology
into two new areas:
• Southern Europe and Mediterranean, with an
emphasis on cooling and heating
• Eastern and Southeastern Europe, where slowly a
demand for more comfort in houses is growing,
and a group of people who can afford it.
• Countries are in particular Czech Republic and
Poland, with others following
Some statistics for the
shallow geothermal sector
Annual heat
pump sales in
Germany,
according to
heat sources
(after data from IZW,
Hannover and BWP,
Munich)
Number of units
10000
9249
9000
Water
8000
Ground
7349
7000
6653
6799
2001
2002
6000
4744
5000
3720
4000
2889
3000
2000
3945
1792
1000
0
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2003
2004
Heat pumps used for hot tap water only are not included
Data for 2004 preliminary
Some statistics for the
shallow geothermal sector
Heat Pump installations
in Sweden (from SVEP)
Development of GSHP
installations in
Switzerland, in MWth
(from Kohl et al., 2002)
Some statistics on geothermal
energy use
Geothermal energy use in the EU 2002 (after data from
BMU, 2004)
6000
7000
6000
SP
LU
IR
UK
K
D
NL
BE
SF
PT
G
R
E
D
AT
(B
M
U)
E
FR
D
SE
0
2
10
20
30
60
100
130
140
1000
510
570
2000
1483
3000
1590
2290
4000
IT
GWh/a
5000
Some statistics on geothermal
energy use
6000
5000
4000
IT
FR SE HU SK AT DE SL
16
21
36
76
107
135
138
6
0
166
196
436
1000
447
589
1135
2000
1147
3000
1360
GWh/a
The values
are mainly
valid for
1999 and
are taken
from the
country
update
reports of
WGC 2000
5451
Geothermal energy use in the enlarged EU 2004 (18 of 25
member countries, new members are shown in black).
LT PT SF GR PL CZ BE DK NL UK
Geothermal Energy for the
German Parliament
Heat- and Cold Storage, heat source
waste heat from Combined Heatand Power-Generation (CHP) during
summertime
Geothermal Energy for the
German Parliament
Map of the Parliament
Buildings
View from Chancellor´s
office towards the
Parliament building
Geothermal Energy for the German
Parliament
Heating- and CoolingNetwork for the
Parliament Buildings
Paul-LöbeBuilding
cold ATES
ca. 60 m
below
ground
Rupel clay (Aquitard)
warm ATES
piping
shown
in fig. 6
Jakob-KaiserBuilding
Cold storage
CHP: heat,
el. power
Marie-ElisabethLüders-Bldg.
Reichstagbuilding
Heat storage
Biofuel
>300 m
below
ground
www.egec.org
www.geothermie.de
Thank you für your attention!