TinyOS Research Overview
Jason Hill
-Wireless Vision
Asset Tracking
Military Scenarios
Home Automation
Security
A symphony of embedded devices.
The Pieces Exist
• Low-power CMOS radios
• System-on-chip manufacturing
capabilities
• Ad-hoc networking protocols
• Distributed algorithms
• Low-power
microcontrollers
How do they fit together?
Systems Development Spiral
System Capabilities
Hardware
Software
Mica
2002
Dot
NEST Services
Today
Rene
weC Mote
2001
TinyOS
2000
Communication Stack
Hardware supporting software to enable applications.
Design Lineage
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COTS dust prototypes (Kris Pister et al.)
weC Mote (~30 produced)
Rene Mote (850+ produced)
Dot (1000 produced)
Mica node (current, 1800+ produced)
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Complete Software Vision
Apps
Data Presentation
Application Code
External Control
Middleware
Data Aggregation/Query Processing
Network Prog
Localization
Routing
Leader Election
Time Sync.
Reliable Delivery
Platform
Event Detection
Networking Stack
Timing
DSP algorithms
Secure Communication
Power
Sensor Boards
Timestamp
Acks
Mica Platform Users
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ALLEN, ANTHONY
ALTARUM
BAE SYSTEMS CONTROLS
BALBOA INSTRUMENTS
BUDNICK, LARRY
CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV
CLEVELAND STATE UNIV
CORNELL UNIVERSITY
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE
DOBLE ENGINEERING
COMPANY
DUKE UNIVERSITY
FRANCE TELECOM R&D
GE KAYE INSTRUMENTS,
INC
GEORGE WASHINGTON
UNIV.
GEORGIA TECH RESEARCH
INT
GRAVITON, INC
HRL ABORATORIES
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INTEL CORPORATION
INTEL RESEARCH
JPL ACCOUNTS PAYABLE
KENT STATE UNIVERSITY
LAWRENCE BERKELEY NAT'L
LLNL
LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LAB
MARYLAND PROCUREMENT
MIT
MIT*
MITRE CORP.
MSE TECH. APPLICATION INC
NASA LANGLEY RESEARCH CTR
NAT'L INST OF STD & TECH
NICK OLIVAS LOS ALAMOS NA
NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIV
PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV
ROBERT BOSCH CORP.
RUIZ-SANDOVAL, M.E.
RUTGERS STATE UNIVERSITY
SANDIA NATIONAL LABS
SIEMENS BUILDING TECH INC
SILICON SENSING SYSTEMS
SOUTHWEST RESEARCH
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TEMPLE UNIVERSITY
UNIV SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI
UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CA
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS
UNIVERSITY OF UTAH
UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA
US ARMY CECOM
USC INFORMATION SCIENCES
VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY
VIGILANZ SYSTEMS
VITRONICS INC
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY
WILLOW TECHNOLOGIES LTD
WJM, INC
XEROX
Nesc – Building software like
hardware
• Nesc is:
– Component based software extension to C
– Provides separation of construction and
composition
– Component behavior described in terms of
interfaces
– Structure around bidirectional event based
interfaces
– Static compile-time optimization eliminates
overhead
Real World Apps…
• What have we done with this stuff?
Vehicle Tracking
Cory Energy Monitoring/Mgmt
System
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50 nodes on single floor
5 level ad hoc net
30 sec sampling
250K samples to database over 6 weeks
Structural performance due to
multi-directional ground motions
(Glaser & CalTech)Mote infrastructure
Mote
Layout
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54
6`
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5
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Comparison of Results
Wiring for traditional
structural instrumentation
+ truckload of equipment
Node Localization
“Best Fit”
Regression
Noise
Error
• Reducing Noise
• Reducing Error
60
• Results
Calibration
RSSI
Regression
Noise
Localization
50 cm
50 cm
20 cm
40 cm 60 cm
Distance
Kamin Whitehouse. Nest Retreat
80 cm
2/13/2002
100 cm
4
Multi-dimensional node
tracking
• Track unmodified “evader” through a
network of magnetic sensors.
• In-network processing to estimate planar
position of vehicle
• Geographic multi-hop networking to route
data to automated camera
• Camera controlled to track vehicle
• Video: demo.mpeg
Next-Generation Nodes
• Integrated processing, storage,
communication and sensing onto a single
silicon die
• Greatly reduce manufacturing cost
• Improve efficiency through incorporation of
specialized accelerators
General Architecture Diagram
General Architecture
• Single CPU for Base band, OS and Application
– Shared system resources can be divided between
system components dynamically
• High bandwidth, flexible interfaces can be
exposed across system components
– Allows applications access to fine-grained system
control
• Hardware accelerators to support key sensor
network challenges
– Communication, synchronization, power
management, concurrency
• Shared memory interface model
Spec Layout
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IO Pads
RAM blocks
MMU logic
Debug logic
ADC
AVR CPU Core
RF Frequency
Synthesizer
• Transmitter
2.5mm
.25 um CMOS
Core Area only 50% full…
Spec Demonstration…