States of Matter

1.
Write the question, answer, and justify!

What makes up all Matter?
SPI 0807.9.6 – Compare the particle arrangement and type of particle motion associated with different states of matter.
How do I compare the particles in a solid, liquid and gas?
SPI 0807.9.8 – Interpret the results of an investigation to determine whether a physical or chemical change has occurred.
How can I discover if a physical or chemical change has occurred?
Table of Contents:
#39. Density Demo: Coke vs Diet Coke
#40. Chapter 8 Notes
#41. Density Problems #2

Compare and Contrast
Create a Venn Diagram: Coke vs. Diet Coke
Look at the two cans.
What similarities are there? (e.g. same shape)
What differences are there? (e.g. one can is red, one is silver)
What happens when both cans were place in the tank of water.
Why is one can floating?
Looks at the difference between 39 grams of sugar in Coke vs 100 mg of sweetener in Diet Coke
The more “stuff” (matter) is crammed into the same amount of space or VOLUME , that increases the MASS. The relationship of
Mass to Volume is Density. The more matter in a defined space, the denser it becomes. The density of water is 1g/cm3. An object will float if the density is less than 1.

The states of matter are the physical forms in which a substance can exist.
Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms and molecules.
These particles are always in motion and are always bumping into one another.

There are 4 States of Matter: Solid, Liquid, Gas, and Plasma
A solid is the state of matter that has a definite shape and volume.
The particles in a solid do not move fast enough to overcome the attraction between them.
Each particle vibrates in place and is locked in place by the particles around it.
There Are Two Kinds of Solids:
Crystalline solids have a very orderly, three-dimensional arrangement of particles.
Amorphous solids are made of particles that do not have a special arrangement.

Liquid is the state of matter that has a definite volume and takes the shape of its container.
The particles of a liquid move fast enough to overcome some of the attraction between them.
So, the particles in a liquid slide past each other.
Liquids have two special properties:
Surface tension is a force that acts on the particles at the surface of a liquid.
Viscosity is a liquid’s resistance to flow.

Gas is the state of matter that has no definite shape or volume.
The particles of a gas move quickly and can break away completely from one another.
The amount of empty space between gas particles can change.

Plasma is the 4 th State of Matter. When air or gas is ionized, plasma forms with conducive properties similar to those of metals. Plasma is the most abundant form of matter in the Universe, because most stars are in a plasma state.

A change of state is the change of a substance from one physical form to another.
Changes of State:
1. Solid to Liquid 4. Gas to Liquid
2. Liquid to Solid 5. Solid to Gas
3. Liquid to Gas

1. Melting is the change of state from a solid to a liquid.
The temperature a solid changes to a liquid is its melting point.
Adding energy to a substance during a change of state is called an endothermic change.
2. Freezing is the change of state from liquid to a solid.
The temperature a liquid changes to a solid is its freezing point.
Freezing Point is 32F or 0C.
Removing energy from a substance during a change of state is called an exothermic change.
3. Evaporation is the change of state from a liquid to gas.
Evaporation occurs at the surface of a liquid that is below its boiling point.
Boiling is the change of a liquid to a gas throughout the liquid. The temperature a liquid boils is its boiling point. Boiling Point is 212F or 100C.

4. Condensation is the change of state from a gas to a liquid. The condensation point is the temperature a gas becomes a liquid. The reverse of condensation is evaporation.
5. Sublimation is the change of state where a solid changes directly into a gas.
DRY ICE

When most substances lose or gain energy, one of two things happen to the substance: temperature changes or state changes.
But the temperature of a substance does not change during the change of state.

This “lightning shoe” is no ordinary Nike LeBron sneaker. After 30 minutes of walking, a liquid solution inside the sole begins to glow an eerie blue!
Air pockets in the sole have water and a chemical that glows when molecules are broken apart. When the sole is squeezed, such as a step, it sets off the reaction.
The blue glow in the sole of the shoe shows an endothermic chemical reaction at work.
If tiny machines ran on power like this one, they wouldn’t need batteries!

The following liquids were spilled into the tank:
•a green liquid that has a volume of 48 mL and a mass of 36 g
•a blue liquid that has a volume of 144 mL and a mass of 129.6 g
•a red liquid that has a volume of 96 mL and a mass of 115.2 g
•a black liquid that has a volume of 120 mL and a mass of 96 g
1. Calculate the density of each liquid. Show your work! Don’t forget the units.
Green liquid: 36 g / 48 mL = .75 g/mL
Blue liquid: 129.6 g / 144 mL = .90 g/mL
Red liquid: 115.2 g / 96 mL = 1.2 g/mL
Black liquid: 96 g / 120 mL = .80 g/mL

2. Determine the order in which the liquids have settled in the tank.
First (bottom): Red Liquid
Second: Blue Liquid
Third: Black Liquid
Fourth (top): Green Liquid
3. What kind of property did you use to distinguish among these four chemicals?
A. a chemical property C. a liquid property
B. a physical property D. a natural property

4. Use colored pencils to color each layer and label the position of the layers in the tank on the diagram shown below.
Green
Black
Blue
Red
5. Now that you know where the red chemical is inside the tank, how would you remove it?
You would use the drain at the bottom of the barrel to drain the liquid out since it is on the bottom with the greatest density