MIND ALTERING
DRUGS
Brandon, Jasmine, Drew,
Abi, and Sandra
and antacids.
LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide)
• The effects unpredictable and depend on:
– the amount taken
– the user's personality
– mood
– expectations
– the surroundings in which the drug is used
• Usually, the user feels the first effects of the drug 30 to 90 minutes
after taking it.
• physical effects:
– dilated pupils
– higher body temperature
– increased heart rate and blood pressure
– sweating
– loss of appetite
– sleeplessness
– dry mouth
– tremors.
LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide)
•Sensations and feelings change more dramatically than
physical signs.
-feel several different emotions at once/ mood swings
delusions and visual hallucinations.
-sense of time and self changes, ability to make
sensible judgments impaired
-Sensations may seem to "cross over," giving the user
the feeling of hearing colors and seeing sounds.
-These experiences are long, ~ 12 hours.
•
•
•
•
•
Mescaline (Peyote)
Anxiety, paranoia .
dream-like, drifting, almost a delirium type of state during the
first couple of hours.
The sensation is similar to LSD
Much depends on the potency of the peyote and the blend of
mescaline and the fifty or some odd alkaloids contained in cactus.
Physical effects
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
•
increased body temperature
heart rate
blood pressure
loss of appetite
sleeplessness
numbness
weakness
tremors
lowered blood pressure
difficulty breathing.
Nausea, vomiting
injuries or deaths are more likely to be a result of accidents that
occur because of the distorted perception that is
the drug's major effect.
Legalization of Cannabis (Pros)
• In January, the recreational use of marijuana became legal (for those 21
or older) in Colorado and Washington. Massachusetts recently became
the 18th state to allow its use for medicinal purposes. Why might these
states have legalized cannabis for recreation as well as medicinal use:
• While marijuana can be addictive, scientists generally agree that fewer
than 10 percent of marijuana smokers become dependent on the
drug, compared with 15 percent for alcohol, 23 percent for heroin
and 32 percent for tobacco.
• Legalization would mean a lower price; thus, related crimes (like theft)
would be reduced.
Cont. (Pros)
• It could be a boon for the government. The FDA or others could
regulate the quality and safety of the drug and it could be a source
of additional tax revenues.
• A majority of drug dealers would lose most or all of their business.
• According to case studies, cannabis is a good remedy to combat
withdrawal in dependency on benzodiazepines, opiates and
alcohol. For this reason, some have referred to it as a gateway drug
back.
• Has been observed to alleviate nausea and vomiting associated
with other illnesses/treatment (like cancer chemotherapy, anorexia
and cachexia in HIV/AIDS, and chronic, especially neuropathic pain,
spasticity in multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury).For many
other indications, such as epilepsy, pruritus and depression there is
much less available data. However, the scientific evidence reflects
an actual therapeutic potential for the given disease.
Legalization of Cannabis (Cons)
• The mean concentration of THC, the psychoactive ingredient, in
confiscated cannabis more than doubled between 1993 and 2008.
• Increased potency may be having unforeseen consequences. There is a
high density of cannabinoid receptors in parts of the brain that affect
pleasure, memory and concentration. Some research suggests that these
areas continue to be affected by marijuana use even after the “high”
dissipates.
• Teenagers may be more vulnerable to addiction, those who start smoking
pot at a younger age are at higher risk. Approximately one in six become
addicted
• Marijuana is often used as a stepping-stone drug, leading to heroin,
cocaine, or other harder drugs.
Cont. (Cons)
• The most disturbing new studies about early teenage use of marijuana
showed that young adults smoking pot regularly performed significantly
worse on cognitive tests of brain function. They performed particularly
poorly on tests assessing executive function, which is responsible for
planning and abstract thinking, as well as understanding rules and
inhibiting inappropriate responses.
• A more recent study found that people who started smoking marijuana
as teenagers and used it heavily for decades lost IQ points over time
Antacids
• Human stomach contains gastric juices that
are acidic, with pH between 1.0 and 3.0,
because they contain hydrochloric acid (HCl)
• Too much acid causes heartburn (and an ideal
environment for the bacteria Helicobacter
pylori, causing peptic ulcers)
- Ulcer- a sore on the skin or a mucous
membrane, accompanied by the disintegration
of tissue
Antacids
• Antacids are weak bases, utilized to neutralize
the excess acidity in a human stomach. They
relieve the pain of ulcers and prevent ulcers
and heartburn from happening. Antacids are
metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates or
hydrogencarbonates.
Antacids (cont.)
Antacid
Ingredient Name
Chemical Formula
Tums
Calcium carbonate
CaCO3
Gaviscon
Aluminum hydroxide
Al(OH)3
Milk of Magnesia
Magnesium
hydroxide/oxide
Mg(OH)2, MgO
Antacids
• Antacids are often combined with alginates
- alginate: produce a neutralizing layer
preventing acid in the stomach from rising into
the esophagus and causing heartburn
• Antacids are also combined with anti-foaming
agents to reduce surface tension of gas
bubbles
Action of Antacids
•
Magnesium Oxide
– MgO(s) + 2HCl(aq)  MgCl2 (aq) + H2O(l)
•
Magnesium Hydroxide
– Mg(OH)2(aq) + 2HCl(aq)  MgCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l)
•
Aluminum hydroxide
– Al(OH)3(s) + 3HCl(aq)  AlCl3(aq) + 3H2O(l)
•
Calcium carbonate
– CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq)  CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
•
Sodium hydrogen carbonate
– NaHCO3(aq) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
•
Magnesium trisilicate
– Mg2Si3O8(s) + 4HCl(aq)  3SiO2(s) + 2H2O(l) + 2MgCl2(aq)
Effects of THC
• Can reduce pain
• Increased relaxation
• Decreased/Increased Anxiety
• Increased Fatigue
• Stimulation of Appetite
• Alteration of visual, auditory, and olfactory
perceptions
• Can also reduced aggression in certain people
Effects of Psilocybin
• Extreme influence
on perception of time
• Minutes can feel like hours
• Can not gauge time intervals longer than 2.5
seconds.
• Perceptions and emotions are intensified
• Can cause panic attack
Effects of Psilocybin
• Good Experience
• Sense of connection with others, nature, and universe
• Builds connections instead of isolates one’s self
• Bad Experience “bad trip”
• Extreme fear
• Unpleasant feelings
• Can cause dangerous behavior