Tri-District Biology Curriculum 2014 Mr. Patrick Fletcher Superintendent River Dell Regional Schools Ms. Lorraine Brooks Principal River Dell High School Mr. Lawrence Hughes Superintendent Oradell Public School Ms. Megan Bozios Principal Oradell Public School Mr. Richard Freedman Principal River Dell Middle School Dr. Tova Ben-Dov Superintendent River Edge Public Schools Ms. Denise Heitman Principal Cherry Hill School Ms. Marisa Kossoy Principal Roosevelt School Mr. William Feldman Tri-District Supervisor Curriculum and Instruction Science Committee Maria Ceppaglia Ellen DeRosa-Hill Michele DiVincenzo TABLE OF CONTENTS Rationale Page 3 Course Description Page 4 Unit 1 Page 5 Unit 2 Page 9 Unit 3 Page 13 Unit 4 Page 17 Unit 5 Page 21 Unit 6 Page 23 Unit 7 Page 27 Unit 8 Page 31 21st Century Life & Career Page 35 2 Oradell, River Dell and River Edge Public School Districts Biology DRAFT March 2014 Rationale The Biology course provides the opportunity to develop knowledge and understanding of how living things originated and are sustained. Biology offers students the opportunity to investigate through experimental design the components of living organisms and the interactions between them. The study of life spans from the creation of macromolecules to the inner workings of cells to the complex interactions of entire ecosystems through the information stored in DNA to the ways genetic information evolves over time. In preparation for careers and life choices, students must comprehend the impact of science and technology on their world. The Biology course is comprised of the following key units of study: origin of life and biological molecules, transport, energy processing, cell cycle, DNA, mitosis, RNA, protein synthesis, meiosis, Mendelian genetics, inheritance patterns, evolution population genetics and ecology. This sequence of key units has been designed to build upon the previous Chemistry course offered. The Biology course begins with the study of the chemical building blocks of life and develops into the study of macrosystems. Biology is offered in two levels, Honors Biology and Biology. The distinction between the courses is indicated in the italicized text under Learning Objectives. These separate tracks will allow students from the different level Chemistry courses to be appropriately challenged. This basic knowledge and appreciation of how science works have become elements of good citizenship in an era when informed evaluations of health issues, environmental problems and applications of new technology are critical. 3 Oradell, River Dell and River Edge Public School Districts Biology DRAFT March 2014 Course Descriptions Biology In this course students explore the origin of life, biochemistry, transport, energy processing, cell cycle, mitosis, DNA, RNA, protein synthesis, meiosis, inheritance patterns, evolution, ecology, Mendelian and molecular genetics. Students will have the opportunity to explore these ideas through class discussion, lab experiences and independent research. Students will analyze authentic data as a part of case studies to form evidence- based conclusions. Ideas discussed in this course will lead to an understanding of societal challenges as well as career paths to affect change in those areas. Pre-requisite: Completion of 10th grade Chemistry Honors Biology In this course students explore the origin of life, biochemistry, transport, energy processing, cell cycle, mitosis, DNA, RNA, protein synthesis, meiosis, inheritance patterns, evolution, ecology, Mendelian and molecular genetics. Students will additionally explore the role of oncogenes and proto-oncogenes, control of gene expression, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and population genetics. Students who elect to take Honors Biology have the advantage to expand their science background in a more academically rigorous way. Honors Biology builds upon the abstract reasoning skills acquired in Honors Chemistry. Students will have the opportunity to explore these ideas through class discussion, lab experiences and independent research. Students will analyze authentic data as a part of case studies to form evidence- based conclusions. Ideas discussed in this course will lead to an understanding of societal challenges as well as career paths to affect change in those areas. Pre-requisites: Completion of 10th Grade Honors Chemistry or 95+ in 10th Grade Chemistry with teacher recommendation 4 Oradell, River Dell and River Edge Public School Districts Biology DRAFT March 2014 BY THE END OF ELEVENTH GRADE BIOLOGY UNIT ONE: ORIGIN OF LIFE AND BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES STATE STANDARDS 5.4.12.B.1 The evolution of life caused dramatic changes in the composition of Earth’s atmosphere, which did not originally contain oxygen gas. 5.3.12.A.1 Cells are made of complex molecules that consist mostly of a few elements. Each class of molecules has its own building blocks and specific functions. RST.11-12.1 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts, attending to important distinctions the author makes and to any gaps or inconsistencies in the account. RST.11-12.2 Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; summarize complex concepts, processes, or information presented in a text by paraphrasing them in simpler but still accurate terms. RST.11-12.3 Follow precisely a complex multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks; analyze the specific results based on explanations in the text. RST.11-12.4 Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domainspecific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 11–12 texts and topics. RST.11-12.5 Analyze how the text structures information or ideas into categories or hierarchies, demonstrating understanding of the information or ideas. RST.11-12.6 Analyze the author’s purpose in providing an explanation, describing a procedure, or discussing an experiment in a text, identifying important issues that remain unresolved. RST.11-12.7 Integrate and evaluate multiple sources of information presented in diverse formats and media (e.g., quantitative data, video, multimedia) in order to address a question or solve a problem. RST.11-12.8 Evaluate the hypotheses, data, analysis, and conclusions in a science or technical text, verifying the data when possible and corroborating or challenging conclusions with other sources of information. 5 Oradell, River Dell and River Edge Public School Districts Biology DRAFT March 2014 RST.11-12.9 Synthesize information from a range of sources (e.g., texts, experiments, simulations) into a coherent understanding of a process, phenomenon, or concept, resolving conflicting information when possible. RST.11-12.10 By the end of grade 12, read and comprehend science/technical texts in the grades 11–CCR text complexity band independently and proficiently. WHST.11-12.1 Write arguments focused on discipline-specific content. WHST.11-12.2 Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or technical processes. WHST.11-12.4 Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. WHST.11-12.5 Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience. WHST.11-12.6 Use technology, including the Internet, to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products in response to ongoing feedback, including new arguments or information. WHST.11-12.7 Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation. WHST.11-12.8 Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the strengths and limitations of each source in terms of the specific task, purpose, and audience; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and overreliance on any one source and following a standard format for citation. WHST.11-12.9 Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. WHST.11-12.10 Write routinely over extended time frames (time for reflection and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences. BIG IDEAS/COMMON THREADS Chemistry is intimately linked to the evolution of life. 6 Oradell, River Dell and River Edge Public School Districts Biology DRAFT March 2014 ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS Atoms are bonded together in molecules that undergo chemical reactions to form life on Earth. Life’s molecular diversity is based on the properties of macromolecules. Assessments Model Building-building complex molecules Investigative Labs: Nutrient testing, Peroxidase Learning Activities Modeling-Natural Selection Create Timeline of Life on Earth Evidence of Evolution- molecular, structural, embryological Index Fossil Hunt Lecture Power point notes Video clips Solve Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Problems Web quest Online simulation-H-W Equilibrium Guided Reading Resources New York Times articles Textbook On-line resources Video- Charles Darwin Tests and quizzes Lab quizzes Reading and writing response to current event article ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 1. How did the inorganic molecules present on primitive Earth give rise to living organisms? 2. How has Earth’s atmosphere changed as a result of organic evolution? 3. How did the first cell on Earth give rise to the biodiversity present today? 4. What is the chemical basis for life on Earth? 5. What is the relationship between the structure and function of each type of biomolecule? 6. How do proteins function as enzymes? 7 Oradell, River Dell and River Edge Public School Districts Biology DRAFT March 2014 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Students will be able to…. provide evidence for the “primordial soup” model of the origin of life on Earth explain how the addition of oxygen to Earth’s atmosphere changed life on Earth itself provide evidence for the heterotroph hypothesis. explain why carbon is the chemical basis of life on earth due to its ability to readily form 4 covalent bonds with a wide variety of atoms. understand that biomolecules consist of monomer building blocks that can be easily assembled into polymers with various functions depending upon the addition of specific side group explain how enzymes are essential components of all metabolic pathways. Learning Activities Model anabolic and catabolic processes Lecture Power point notes o Video clips On-line activities/simulations Web quest Labs Guided Reading Resources Video-World of Chemistry New York Times articles Faculty.nl.edu-Macromolecules of Life www.chem4.kids.com Sweet Sweet carbs Textbook On-line resources 8 Oradell, River Dell and River Edge Public School Districts Biology DRAFT March 2014 BY THE END OF ELEVENTH GRADE BIOLOGY UNIT TWO: TRANSPORT STATE STANDARDS 5.3.12.A.3 Cellular function is maintained through the regulation of cellular processes in response to internal and external environmental conditions RST.11-12.1 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts, attending to important distinctions the author makes and to any gaps or inconsistencies in the account. RST.11-12.2 Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; summarize complex concepts, processes, or information presented in a text by paraphrasing them in simpler but still accurate terms. RST.11-12.3 Follow precisely a complex multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks; analyze the specific results based on explanations in the text. RST.11-12.4 Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domainspecific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 11–12 texts and topics. RST.11-12.5 Analyze how the text structures information or ideas into categories or hierarchies, demonstrating understanding of the information or ideas. RST.11-12.6 Analyze the author’s purpose in providing an explanation, describing a procedure, or discussing an experiment in a text, identifying important issues that remain unresolved. RST.11-12.7 Integrate and evaluate multiple sources of information presented in diverse formats and media (e.g., quantitative data, video, multimedia) in order to address a question or solve a problem. RST.11-12.8 Evaluate the hypotheses, data, analysis, and conclusions in a science or technical text, verifying the data when possible and corroborating or challenging conclusions with other sources of information. RST.11-12.9 Synthesize information from a range of sources (e.g., texts, experiments, simulations) into a coherent understanding of a process, phenomenon, or concept, resolving conflicting information when possible. 9 Oradell, River Dell and River Edge Public School Districts Biology DRAFT March 2014 RST.11-12.10 By the end of grade 12, read and comprehend science/technical texts in the grades 11–CCR text complexity band independently and proficiently. WHST.11-12.1 Write arguments focused on discipline-specific content. WHST.11-12.2 Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or technical processes. WHST.11-12.4 Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. WHST.11-12.5 Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience. WHST. 11-12.6 Use technology, including the Internet, to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products in response to ongoing feedback, including new arguments or information. WHST.11-12.7 Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation. WHST.11-12.8 Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the strengths and limitations of each source in terms of the specific task, purpose, and audience; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and overreliance on any one source and following a standard format for citation. WHST.11-12.9 Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. WHST.11-12.10 Write routinely over extended time frames (time for reflection and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences. BIG IDEAS/COMMON THREADS All living things must work to maintain homeostasis. ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS A cell membrane structure enables living things to regulate the transport of molecules to achieve the homeostatic state. 10 Oradell, River Dell and River Edge Public School Districts Biology DRAFT March 2014 Assessments Investigative lab-Plasmolysis, Dialysis Membrane and Diffusion Tests and quizzes Lab quizzes Reading and writing response to current event article ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 1. How does the structure of the plasma membrane allow it to function in regulating what passes into and out of the cell in response to changes internally and externally? 2. What processes enable molecules to pass through the plasma membrane? 3. Why is transport an essential characteristic of living things? LEARNING OBJECTIVES Students will be able to… Describe how the phospholipid bilayer blocks almost all substances from passing and how the proteins embedded in this bilayer allow specific molecules to pass. Compare and contrast the passive and active transport processes. Explain the passive transport processes of diffusion, ion channels, and facilitated diffusion with the active transport processes of pumps, co-transport and bulk. Provide examples of how regulating what enters and exits a cell maintains homeostasis and thereby is essential in all living things. Learning Activities Diagram identification Lecture Power point notes o Video clips On-line activities/simulations Web quest Labs Guided Reading 11 Oradell, River Dell and River Edge Public School Districts Biology DRAFT March 2014 Resources Videos on cell membrane structure, Active/Passive transport New York Times articles Textbook www.sascurriculumpathways.com On-line resources 12 Oradell, River Dell and River Edge Public School Districts Biology DRAFT March 2014 BY THE END OF ELEVENTH GRADE BIOLOGY UNIT THREE: ENERGY PROCESSING STATE STANDARDS 5.2.12.D.2 The driving forces of chemical reactions are energy and entropy. Chemical reactions either release energy to the environment (exothermic) or absorb energy from the environment (endothermic). 5.2.12.D.4 Energy may be transferred from one object to another during collisions. 5.2.12.D.5 Chemical equilibrium is a dynamic process that is significant in many systems, including biological, ecological, environmental, and geological systems. Chemical reactions occur at different rates. Factors such as temperature, mixing, concentration, particle size, and surface area affect the rates of chemical reactions. 5.3.12.A.2 Cellular processes are carried out by many different types of molecules, mostly by the group of proteins known as enzymes 5.3.12.B.4 Plants have the capability to take energy from light to form sugar molecules containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. 5.3.12.B.5 In both plant and animal cells, sugar is a source of energy and can be used to make other carbon-containing (organic) molecules. 5.3.12.B.6 All organisms must break the high-energy chemical bonds in food molecules during cellular respiration to obtain the energy needed for life processes. RST.11-12.1 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts, attending to important distinctions the author makes and to any gaps or inconsistencies in the account. RST.11-12.2 Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; summarize complex concepts, processes, or information presented in a text by paraphrasing them in simpler but still accurate terms. RST.11-12.3 Follow precisely a complex multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks; analyze the specific results based on explanations in the text. 13 Oradell, River Dell and River Edge Public School Districts Biology DRAFT March 2014 RST.11-12.4 Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domainspecific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 11–12 texts and topics. RST.11-12.5 Analyze how the text structures information or ideas into categories or hierarchies, demonstrating understanding of the information or ideas. RST.11-12.6 Analyze the author’s purpose in providing an explanation, describing a procedure, or discussing an experiment in a text, identifying important issues that remain unresolved. RST.11-12.7 Integrate and evaluate multiple sources of information presented in diverse formats and media (e.g., quantitative data, video, multimedia) in order to address a question or solve a problem. RST.11-12.8 Evaluate the hypotheses, data, analysis, and conclusions in a science or technical text, verifying the data when possible and corroborating or challenging conclusions with other sources of information. RST.11-12.9 Synthesize information from a range of sources (e.g., texts, experiments, simulations) into a coherent understanding of a process, phenomenon, or concept, resolving conflicting information when possible. RST.11-12.10 By the end of grade 12, read and comprehend science/technical texts in the grades 11–CCR text complexity band independently and proficiently. WHST.11-12.1 Write arguments focused on discipline-specific content. WHST.11-12.2 Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or technical processes. WHST.11-12.4 Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. WHST. 11-12.5 Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience. WHST. 11-12.6 Use technology, including the Internet, to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products in response to ongoing feedback, including new arguments or information. WHST.11-12.7 Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or 14 Oradell, River Dell and River Edge Public School Districts Biology DRAFT March 2014 broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation. WHST.11-12.8 Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the strengths and limitations of each source in terms of the specific task, purpose, and audience; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and overreliance on any one source and following a standard format for citation. WHST.11-12.9 Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. WHST.11-12.10 Write routinely over extended time frames (time for reflection and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences. BIG IDEAS/COMMON THREADS All organisms are directly or indirectly dependent upon energy from the Sun. ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are the metabolic processes whereby living things cycle energy. ASSESSMENTS Investigative lab-Respiration Plant Tissue/Paper Chromatography/ On-line simulations (Aquatic weeds) Tests and quizzes Lab quizzes Reading and writing response to current event article ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. How can sunlight power the synthesis of organic compounds? How do all organisms make and use energy to survive? What is the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration? How are the rates of photosynthesis and cellular respiration affected by environmental conditions? 5. How does the structure of specific organelles, chloroplasts and mitochondria, allow for the multistep, enzymatically controlled biochemical pathways of photosynthesis and cellular respiration? 15 Oradell, River Dell and River Edge Public School Districts Biology DRAFT March 2014 LEARNING OBJECTIVES Students will be able to…. Explain how photosynthesis converts solar energy into the chemical energy of food. Describe the ways in which organisms change food into usable forms of energy through glycolysis, anaerobic and aerobic cellular respiration. Relate the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration to the flow of carbon and energy through an ecosystem. Explain how temperature, pH, light intensity, carbon dioxide levels, availability of oxygen and other conditions affect rates of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Explain the step by step pathways of the light dependent and light independent pathways of photosynthesis as well as those of glycolysis, anaerobic and aerobic respiration with respect to organelle structure. LEARNING ACTIVITIES Graphing Activity/Absorption of Light in Plants Lecture Power point notes o Video clips On-line activities/simulations Web quest Labs Guided Reading-Turning of Leaves Research Activity-finding simulation of photosynthesis online RESOURCES Videos on cell membrane structure, Active/Passive transport New York Times articles Textbook On-line resources 16 Oradell, River Dell and River Edge Public School Districts Biology DRAFT March 2014 BY THE END OF ELEVENTH GRADE BIOLOGY UNIT FOUR: CELL CYCLE, DNA, MITOSIS STATE STANDARDS 5.3.12.A.4 5.3.12.D.1 5.3.12.D.2 Cells divide through the process of mitosis, resulting in daughter cells that have the same genetic composition as the original cell. Genes are segments of DNA molecules located in the chromosome of each cell. DNA molecules contain information that determines a sequence of amino acids, which result in specific proteins. Inserting, deleting, or substituting DNA segments can alter the genetic code. An altered gene may be passed on to every cell that develops from it. The resulting features may help, harm, or have little or no effect on the offspring’s success in its environment. RST.11-12.1 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts, attending to important distinctions the author makes and to any gaps or inconsistencies in the account. RST.11-12.2 Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; summarize complex concepts, processes, or information presented in a text by paraphrasing them in simpler but still accurate terms. RST.11-12.3 Follow precisely a complex multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks; analyze the specific results based on explanations in the text. RST.11-12.4 Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domainspecific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 11–12 texts and topics. RST.11-12.5 Analyze how the text structures information or ideas into categories or hierarchies, demonstrating understanding of the information or ideas. RST.11-12.6 Analyze the author’s purpose in providing an explanation, describing a procedure, or discussing an experiment in a text, identifying important issues that remain unresolved. RST.11-12.7 Integrate and evaluate multiple sources of information presented in diverse formats and media (e.g., quantitative data, video, multimedia) in order to address a question or solve a problem. 17 Oradell, River Dell and River Edge Public School Districts Biology DRAFT March 2014 RST.11-12.8 Evaluate the hypotheses, data, analysis, and conclusions in a science or technical text, verifying the data when possible and corroborating or challenging conclusions with other sources of information. RST.11-12.9 Synthesize information from a range of sources (e.g., texts, experiments, simulations) into a coherent understanding of a process, phenomenon, or concept, resolving conflicting information when possible. RST.11-12.10 By the end of grade 12, read and comprehend science/technical texts in the grades 11–CCR text complexity band independently and proficiently. WHST.11-12.1 Write arguments focused on discipline-specific content. WHST.11-12.2 Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or technical processes. WHST.11-12.4 Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. WHST. 11-12.5 Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience. WHST. 11-12.6 Use technology, including the Internet, to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products in response to ongoing feedback, including new arguments or information. WHST.11-12.7 Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation. WHST.11-12.8 Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the strengths and limitations of each source in terms of the specific task, purpose, and audience; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and overreliance on any one source and following a standard format for citation. WHST.11-12.9 Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. WHST.11-12.10 Write routinely over extended time frames (time for reflection and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences. 18 Oradell, River Dell and River Edge Public School Districts Biology DRAFT March 2014 BIG IDEAS/COMMON THREADS All cells come from pre-existing cells. ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS Cell division is a complex, carefully regulated process. Cancer is the result of unregulated cell division. ASSESSMENTS Investigative labs – Gel Electrophoresis Tests and quizzes Lab quizzes Reading and writing response to current event article Multimedia presentation of DNA replication ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. How and why do cells replicate? How is the structure of DNA related to its function? What is the relationship between DNA and cell division? What is cancer and how is it related to the cell cycle? What is the role of proto-oncogenes and oncogenes in cancer? LEARNING OBJECTIVES Students will be able to…. explain the importance of the cell cycle and chromosomes for maintenance, growth, repair and reproduction. describe the structure of a chromosome and how chromosome number is maintained and/or differs between haploid and diploid cells in cell division. explain the history of the discovery of DNA as genetic material. describe how DNA replicates and explain the importance of mutations. explain how cells produce new cells through the process of cell division or mitosis. explain the relationship between the cell cycle and cancer. discuss the role of proto-oncogenes and oncogenes in cancer. LEARNING ACTIVITIES Modeling-DNA structure and function, mitosis Lecture Power point notes o Video clips On-line activities/simulations-Onion Root Tip Web quest Labs- Asexual Reproduction-Planaria Guided Reading RESOURCES 19 Oradell, River Dell and River Edge Public School Districts Biology DRAFT March 2014 Videos on DNA , Cell Cycle, Molecular Causes of Cancer New York Times articles Textbook On-line resources 20 Oradell, River Dell and River Edge Public School Districts Biology DRAFT March 2014 BY THE END OF ELEVENTH GRADE BIOLOGY UNIT FIVE: RNA, PROTEIN SYNTHESIS STATE STANDARDS 5.3.12.D.2 Inserting, deleting, or substituting DNA segments can alter the genetic code. An altered gene may be passed on to every cell that develops from it. The resulting features may help, harm, or have little or no effect on the offspring’s success in its environment. 5.3.12.D.3 Sorting and recombination of genes in sexual reproduction result in a great variety of possible gene combinations in the offspring of any two parents. RST.11-12.1 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts, attending to important distinctions the author makes and to any gaps or inconsistencies in the account. RST.11-12.2 Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; summarize complex concepts, processes, or information presented in a text by paraphrasing them in simpler but still accurate terms. RST.11-12.3 Follow precisely a complex multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks; analyze the specific results based on explanations in the text. RST.11-12.4 Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domainspecific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 11–12 texts and topics. RST.11-12.5 Analyze how the text structures information or ideas into categories or hierarchies, demonstrating understanding of the information or ideas. RST.11-12.6 Analyze the author’s purpose in providing an explanation, describing a procedure, or discussing an experiment in a text, identifying important issues that remain unresolved. RST.11-12.7 Integrate and evaluate multiple sources of information presented in diverse formats and media (e.g., quantitative data, video, multimedia) in order to address a question or solve a problem. RST.11-12.8 Evaluate the hypotheses, data, analysis, and conclusions in a science or technical text, verifying the data when possible and corroborating or challenging conclusions with other sources of information. 21 Oradell, River Dell and River Edge Public School Districts Biology DRAFT March 2014 RST.11-12.9 Synthesize information from a range of sources (e.g., texts, experiments, simulations) into a coherent understanding of a process, phenomenon, or concept, resolving conflicting information when possible. RST.11-12.10 By the end of grade 12, read and comprehend science/technical texts in the grades 11–CCR text complexity band independently and proficiently. WHST.11-12.1 Write arguments focused on discipline-specific content. WHST.11-12.2 Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or technical processes. WHST.11-12.4 Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. WHST. 11-12.5 Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience. WHST. 11-12.6 Use technology, including the Internet, to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products in response to ongoing feedback, including new arguments or information. WHST.11-12.7 Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation. WHST.11-12.8 Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the strengths and limitations of each source in terms of the specific task, purpose, and audience; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and overreliance on any one source and following a standard format for citation. WHST.11-12.9 Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. WHST.11-12.10 Write routinely over extended time frames (time for reflection and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences. BIG IDEAS/COMMON THREADS Genetic information is coded from DNA to RNA to amino acid sequences. 22 Oradell, River Dell and River Edge Public School Districts Biology DRAFT March 2014 ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS The copying of the genetic code from DNA to RNA is transcription. RNA provides the blueprint for specific amino acid sequences that make up proteins. ASSESSMENTS On-line simulations Learn.Genetics.utah.edu-transcription and translation Tests and quizzes Reading and writing response to current event article ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 1. How does DNA provide the basis for amino acid sequence? 2. What roles do DNA and RNA play in protein synthesis? 3. How is gene expression controlled in eukaryotes and prokaryotes? OBJECTIVES Students will be able to…. describe the flow of genetic information from DNA to protein through transcription and translation. explain the differences between RNA and DNA. compare the roles of mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA in protein synthesis understand that the human genome is important as it relates to medical breakthroughs. compare and contrast how genes are expressed in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. LEARNING ACTIVITIES Modeling-Transcription, Translation, Protein Synthesis On-line simulations Learn.Genetics.utah.edu-transcription and translation Lecture Power point notes o Video clips Web quest Guided Reading RESOURCES Videos Genetic Code New York Times articles Textbook On-line resources BY THE END OF ELEVENTH GRADE BIOLOGY 23 Oradell, River Dell and River Edge Public School Districts Biology DRAFT March 2014 UNIT SIX: MEIOSIS, MENDELIAN GENETICS, INHERITANCE PATTERNS STATE STANDARDS 5.3.12.A.5 Cell differentiation is regulated through the expression of different genes during the development of complex multicellular organisms. 5.3.12.D.2 Inserting, deleting, or substituting DNA segments can alter the genetic code. An altered gene may be passed on to every cell that develops from it. The resulting features may help, harm, or have little or no effect on the offspring’s success in its environment. 5.3.12.D.3 Sorting and recombination of genes in sexual reproduction result in a great variety of possible gene combinations in the offspring of any two parents. RST.11-12.1 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts, attending to important distinctions the author makes and to any gaps or inconsistencies in the account. RST.11-12.2 Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; summarize complex concepts, processes, or information presented in a text by paraphrasing them in simpler but still accurate terms. RST.11-12.3 Follow precisely a complex multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks; analyze the specific results based on explanations in the text. RST.11-12.4 Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domainspecific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 11–12 texts and topics. RST.11-12.5 Analyze how the text structures information or ideas into categories or hierarchies, demonstrating understanding of the information or ideas. RST.11-12.6 Analyze the author’s purpose in providing an explanation, describing a procedure, or discussing an experiment in a text, identifying important issues that remain unresolved. RST.11-12.7 Integrate and evaluate multiple sources of information presented in diverse formats and media (e.g., quantitative data, video, multimedia) in order to address a question or solve a problem. 24 Oradell, River Dell and River Edge Public School Districts Biology DRAFT March 2014 RST.11-12.8 Evaluate the hypotheses, data, analysis, and conclusions in a science or technical text, verifying the data when possible and corroborating or challenging conclusions with other sources of information. RST.11-12.9 Synthesize information from a range of sources (e.g., texts, experiments, simulations) into a coherent understanding of a process, phenomenon, or concept, resolving conflicting information when possible. RST.11-12.10 By the end of grade 12, read and comprehend science/technical texts in the grades 11–CCR text complexity band independently and proficiently. WHST.11-12.1 Write arguments focused on discipline-specific content. WHST.11-12.2 Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or technical processes. WHST.11-12.4 Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. WHST. 11-12.5 Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience. WHST. 11-12.6 Use technology, including the Internet, to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products in response to ongoing feedback, including new arguments or information. WHST.11-12.7 Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation. WHST.11-12.8 Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the strengths and limitations of each source in terms of the specific task, purpose, and audience; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and overreliance on any one source and following a standard format for citation. WHST.11-12.9 Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. WHST.11-12.10 Write routinely over extended time frames (time for reflection and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences. 25 Oradell, River Dell and River Edge Public School Districts Biology DRAFT March 2014 BIG IDEAS/COMMON THREADS Sexual reproduction ensures diversity within a species ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS Meiosis and fertilization allows for genetic recombination which determines the genotype that is expressed through the phenotype. ASSESSMENTS Investigative lab-Fruit Flies, Probability Case Study Tests and quizzes Reading and writing response to current event article ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. How does the process of gene replication result in the development of diverse complex organisms? How does cellular differentiation occur? What is the effect of DNA mutation in an offspring’s success rate in the environment? LEARNING OBJECTIVES Students will be able to…. explain how genetic recombination is regulated by the process of Meiosis. describe the role of gene expression in an organism’s development. understand why DNA coding is the mechanism in which mutations occur. LEARNING ACTIVITIES Modeling-meiosis, karyotyping, lac operon Lecture Power point notes o Video clips Genetics Problem Solving Genetics Pedigree Chart Web quest Online simulation-karyotyping Guided Reading RESOURCES New York Times articles Textbook On-line resources Video-Ghost in Our Genes 26 Oradell, River Dell and River Edge Public School Districts Biology DRAFT March 2014 BY THE END OF ELEVENTH GRADE BIOLOGY UNIT SEVEN: EVOLUTION AND POPULATION GENETICS STATE STANDARDS 5.3.12.D.2 5.3.12.E.1 5.3.12.E.2 5.3.12.E.3 5.3.12.E.4 5.4.12.B.2 5.4.12.B.3 Inserting, deleting, or substituting DNA segments can alter the genetic code. An altered gene may be passed on to every cell that develops from it. The resulting features may help, harm, or have little or no effect on the offspring’s success in its environment. New traits may result from new combinations of existing genes or from mutations of genes in reproductive cells within a population. Molecular evidence (e.g., DNA, protein structures, etc.) substantiates the anatomical evidence for evolution and provides additional detail about the sequence in which various lines of descent branched. The principles of evolution (including natural selection and common descent) provide a scientific explanation for the history of life on Earth as evidenced in the fossil record and in the similarities that exist within the diversity of existing organisms. Evolution occurs as a result of a combination of the following factors: Ability of a species to reproduce Genetic variability of offspring due to mutation and recombination of genes Finite supply of the resources required for life Natural selection, due to environmental pressure, of those organisms better able to survive and leave offspring Relative dating uses index fossils and stratigraphic sequences to determine the sequence of geologic events. Absolute dating, using radioactive isotopes in rocks, makes it possible to determine how many years ago a given rock sample formed. RST.11-12.1 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts, attending to important distinctions the author makes and to any gaps or inconsistencies in the account. RST.11-12.2 Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; summarize complex concepts, processes, or information presented in a text by paraphrasing them in simpler but still accurate terms. RST.11-12.3 Follow precisely a complex multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks; analyze the specific results based on explanations in the text. 27 Oradell, River Dell and River Edge Public School Districts Biology DRAFT March 2014 RST.11-12.4 Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domainspecific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 11–12 texts and topics. RST.11-12.5 Analyze how the text structures information or ideas into categories or hierarchies, demonstrating understanding of the information or ideas. RST.11-12.6 Analyze the author’s purpose in providing an explanation, describing a procedure, or discussing an experiment in a text, identifying important issues that remain unresolved. RST.11-12.7 Integrate and evaluate multiple sources of information presented in diverse formats and media (e.g., quantitative data, video, multimedia) in order to address a question or solve a problem. RST.11-12.8 Evaluate the hypotheses, data, analysis, and conclusions in a science or technical text, verifying the data when possible and corroborating or challenging conclusions with other sources of information. RST.11-12.9 Synthesize information from a range of sources (e.g., texts, experiments, simulations) into a coherent understanding of a process, phenomenon, or concept, resolving conflicting information when possible. RST.11-12.10 By the end of grade 12, read and comprehend science/technical texts in the grades 11–CCR text complexity band independently and proficiently. WHST.11-12.1 Write arguments focused on discipline-specific content. WHST.11-12.2 Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or technical processes. WHST.11-12.4 Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. WHST. 11-12.5 Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience. WHST. 11-12.6 Use technology, including the Internet, to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products in response to ongoing feedback, including new arguments or information. WHST.11-12.7 Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or 28 Oradell, River Dell and River Edge Public School Districts Biology DRAFT March 2014 broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation. WHST.11-12.8 Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the strengths and limitations of each source in terms of the specific task, purpose, and audience; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and overreliance on any one source and following a standard format for citation. WHST.11-12.9 Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. WHST.11-12.10 Write routinely over extended time frames (time for reflection and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences. BIG IDEAS/COMMON THREADS The environment impacts the genetic make-up of populations over time. ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS Natural selection explains how living things change over time. ASSESSMENTS Investigative lab-Half-life Penny Lab, Camouflage Lab reports Case Study-White Clover Tests and quizzes Reading and writing response to current event article ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 1. How does DNA mutation affect the natural selection process? 2. What is the effect of DNA mutation in an offspring’s success rate in the environment? 3. How does the dating of fossils determine the history of the earth? 4. What was Darwin’s Theory of Evolution? 5. What evidence do we have that supports Evolution? 6. How can the rate of evolution be measured. 29 Oradell, River Dell and River Edge Public School Districts Biology DRAFT March 2014 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Students will be able to…. explain how the chemistry of RNA and DNA can mutate a species. discuss how a mutation in the species line will be affected by the species environment. discuss how the sequence of anatomical and cellular progression serves as evidence of evolution. explain Darwin’s Theory of Evolution through natural selection. explain how to use half- life radiation data to determine the history of the earth. calculate the rate of evolution. LEARNING ACTIVITIES Modeling-Natural Selection Create Timeline of Life on Earth Evidence of Evolution- molecular, structural, embryological Index Fossil Hunt Lecture Power point notes o o Video clips Solve Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Problems Web quest Online simulation-H-W Equilibrium Guided Reading RESOURCES New York Times articles Textbook On-line resources Video- Charles Darwin 30 Oradell, River Dell and River Edge Public School Districts Biology DRAFT March 2014 BY THE END OF ELEVENTH GRADE BIOLOGY UNIT EIGHT: ECOLOGY STATE STANDARDS 5.3.12.B.1 5.3.12.B.2 5.3.12.B.3 5.3.12.B.5 5.3.12.B.6 5.3.12.C.1 5.3.12.C.2 5.4.12.G.7 As matter cycles and energy flows through different levels of organization within living systems (cells, organs, organisms, communities), and between living systems and the physical environment, chemical elements are recombined into different products. Each recombination of matter and energy results in storage and dissipation of energy into the environment as heat. Continual input of energy from sunlight keeps matter and energy flowing through ecosystems In both plant and animal cells, sugar is a source of energy and can be used to make other carbon-containing (organic) molecules. All organisms must break the high-energy chemical bonds in food molecules during cellular respiration to obtain the energy needed for life processes Biological communities in ecosystems are based on stable interrelationships and interdependence of organisms. Stability in an ecosystem can be disrupted by natural or human interactions. Earth is a system in which chemical elements exist in fixed amounts and move through the solid Earth, oceans, atmosphere, and living things as part of geochemical cycles. RST.11-12.1 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts, attending to important distinctions the author makes and to any gaps or inconsistencies in the account. RST.11-12.2 Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; summarize complex concepts, processes, or information presented in a text by paraphrasing them in simpler but still accurate terms. RST.11-12.3 Follow precisely a complex multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks; analyze the specific results based on explanations in the text. RST.11-12.4 Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domainspecific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 11–12 texts and topics. RST.11-12.5 Analyze how the text structures information or ideas into categories or hierarchies, demonstrating understanding of the information or ideas. 31 Oradell, River Dell and River Edge Public School Districts Biology DRAFT March 2014 RST.11-12.6 Analyze the author’s purpose in providing an explanation, describing a procedure, or discussing an experiment in a text, identifying important issues that remain unresolved. RST.11-12.7 Integrate and evaluate multiple sources of information presented in diverse formats and media (e.g., quantitative data, video, multimedia) in order to address a question or solve a problem. RST.11-12.8 Evaluate the hypotheses, data, analysis, and conclusions in a science or technical text, verifying the data when possible and corroborating or challenging conclusions with other sources of information. RST.11-12.9 Synthesize information from a range of sources (e.g., texts, experiments, simulations) into a coherent understanding of a process, phenomenon, or concept, resolving conflicting information when possible. RST.11-12.10 By the end of grade 12, read and comprehend science/technical texts in the grades 11–CCR text complexity band independently and proficiently. WHST.11-12.1 Write arguments focused on discipline-specific content. WHST.11-12.2 Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or technical processes. WHST.11-12.4 Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. WHST. 11-12.5 Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience. WHST. 11-12.6 Use technology, including the Internet, to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products in response to ongoing feedback, including new arguments or information. WHST.11-12.7 Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation. WHST.11-12.8 Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the strengths and limitations of each source in terms of the specific task, purpose, and audience; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and overreliance on any one source and following a standard format for citation. 32 Oradell, River Dell and River Edge Public School Districts Biology DRAFT March 2014 WHST.11-12.9 Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. WHST.11-12.10 Write routinely over extended time frames (time for reflection and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences. BIG IDEAS/COMMON THREADS There is interdependence between matter and energy in living and non-living things. ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS Humans impact the environment in a positive and negative way. ASSESSMENTS Investigative lab-Cooling Lab, Lesson of the Kaibob Case Study-Fish Kill Tests and quizzes Reading and writing response to current event article ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 1. How are nutrients cycled through living and nonliving components of the environment? 2. What is the source of energy for all living things? 3.How do organisms use energy to carry out essential life processes? 4. How are all parts of the ecosystems dependent on each other? 5. How are ecosystems disrupted? 6. What is the relationship between all matter and energy globally? LEARNING OBJECTIVES Student will understand that…. That there is a reservoir of nutrients that are stored and utilized by organisms and transferred back to the reservoir. The sun is the primary source of energy and changes form as it cycles through the ecosystems. That photosynthesis and cellular respiration are the primary processes that transform energy. The interdependence of organisms exists through relationships such as predator prey, symbiosis and competition. Ecosystems are naturally disrupted by hurricanes, tornado, drought etc. as well as by human interference such as population growth pollution etc. How the biogeochemical cycles budgets and balance all matter and energy globally. 33 Oradell, River Dell and River Edge Public School Districts Biology DRAFT March 2014 LEARNING ACTIVITIES Modeling-Oil Spill, Biogeochemical Cycles Global Warming Venn diagram Human Impact on Food Webs: Cats into Borneo, Vanishing Sea Otters, Butter and Old Maid Lecture Power point notes o Video clips Web quest Online simulation- Cycles Guided Reading RESOURCES New York Times articles Textbook On-line resources Video- Tuvalu 34 Oradell, River Dell and River Edge Public School Districts Biology DRAFT March 2014 21ST CENTURY LIFE AND CAREER STATE STANDARDS 9.4.12.O.(1).1 Apply the concepts, processes, guiding principles, and standards of 9.4.12.O.(1).2 9.4.12.O.(1).3 9.4.12.O.(1).8 9.4.12.O.(1).1 9.4.12.O.(1).2 9.4.12.O.(1).3 9.4.12.O.(1).4 9.4.12.O.(1).5 9.4.12.O.(1).6 9.4.12.O.(1).8 9.4.12.O.(1).1 9.4.12.O.(1).2 9.4.12.O.(1).3 9.4.12.O.(1).5 9.4.12.O.(1).6 9.4.12.O.(1).8 school mathematics to solve science, technology, engineering, and mathematics problems. Apply and use algebraic, geometric, and trigonometric relationships, characteristics, and properties to solve problems. Demonstrate the ability to select, apply, and convert systems of measurement to solve problems. Select and use a range of communications technologies, including word processing, spreadsheet, database, presentation, email, and Internet applications, to locate and display information. Apply the concepts, processes, guiding principles, and standards of school mathematics to solve science, technology, engineering, and mathematics problems. Apply and use algebraic, geometric, and trigonometric relationships, characteristics, and properties to solve problems. Demonstrate the ability to select, apply, and convert systems of measurement to solve problems. Demonstrate the ability to use Newton’s laws of motion to analyze static and dynamic systems with and without the presence of external forces. Explain relevant physical properties of materials used in engineering and technology. Explain relationships among specific scientific theories, principles, and laws that apply to technology and engineering. Select and use a range of communications technologies, including word processing, spreadsheet, database, presentation, email, and Internet applications, to locate and display information. Apply the concepts, processes, guiding principles, and standards of school mathematics to solve science, technology, engineering, and mathematics problems. Apply and use algebraic, geometric, and trigonometric relationships, characteristics, and properties to solve problems. Demonstrate the ability to select, apply, and convert systems of measurement to solve problems. Explain relevant physical properties of materials used in engineering and technology. Explain relationships among specific scientific theories, principles, and laws that apply to technology and engineering. Select and use a range of communications technologies, including word processing, spreadsheet, database, presentation, email, and Internet applications, to locate and display information. 35 Oradell, River Dell and River Edge Public School Districts Biology DRAFT March 2014 9.4.12.O.(1).1 Apply the concepts, processes, guiding principles, and standards of 9.4.12.O.(1).2 9.4.12.O.(1).3 9.4.12.O.(1).6 9.4.12.O.(1).8 9.4.12.O.(1).1 9.4.12.O.(1).2 9.4.12.O.(1).3 9.4.12.O.(1).6 9.4.12.O.(1).8 9.4.12.O.(1).1 9.4.12.O.(1).2 9.4.12.O.(1).3 9.4.12.O.(1).5 9.4.12.O.(1).6 9.4.12.O.(1).8 9.4.12.O.(1).1 9.4.12.O.(1).2 9.4.12.O.(1).3 school mathematics to solve science, technology, engineering, and mathematics problems. Apply and use algebraic, geometric, and trigonometric relationships, characteristics, and properties to solve problems. Demonstrate the ability to select, apply, and convert systems of measurement to solve problems Explain relationships among specific scientific theories, principles, and laws that apply to technology and engineering. Select and use a range of communications technologies, including word processing, spreadsheet, database, presentation, email, and Internet applications, to locate and display information. Apply the concepts, processes, guiding principles, and standards of school mathematics to solve science, technology, engineering, and mathematics problems. Apply and use algebraic, geometric, and trigonometric relationships, characteristics, and properties to solve problems. Demonstrate the ability to select, apply, and convert systems of measurement to solve problems. Explain relationships among specific scientific theories, principles, and laws that apply to technology and engineering. Select and use a range of communications technologies, including word processing, spreadsheet, database, presentation, email, and Internet applications, to locate and display information. Apply the concepts, processes, guiding principles, and standards of school mathematics to solve science, technology, engineering, and mathematics problems. Apply and use algebraic, geometric, and trigonometric relationships, characteristics, and properties to solve problems. Demonstrate the ability to select, apply, and convert systems of measurement to solve problems Explain relevant physical properties of materials used in engineering and technology. Explain relationships among specific scientific theories, principles, and laws that apply to technology and engineering. Select and use a range of communications technologies, including word processing, spreadsheet, database, presentation, email, and Internet applications, to locate and display information. Apply the concepts, processes, guiding principles, and standards of school mathematics to solve science, technology, engineering, and mathematics problems. Apply and use algebraic, geometric, and trigonometric relationships, characteristics, and properties to solve problems. Demonstrate the ability to select, apply, and convert systems of measurement to solve problems. 36 Oradell, River Dell and River Edge Public School Districts Biology DRAFT March 2014 9.4.12.O.(1).5 Explain relevant physical properties of materials used in engineering and technology. 9.4.12.O.(1).6 Explain relationships among specific scientific theories, principles, and laws that apply to technology and engineering. 9.4.12.O.(1).8 Select and use a range of communications technologies, including word 9.4.12.O.(1).1 9.4.12.O.(1).2 9.4.12.O.(1).3 9.4.12.O.(1).5 9.4.12.O.(1).6 9.4.12.O.(1).8 processing, spreadsheet, database, presentation, email, and Internet applications, to locate and display information. Apply the concepts, processes, guiding principles and standards of school mathematics to solve science, technology, engineering and mathematics problems. Apply and use algebraic, geometric, and trigonometric relationships, characteristics, and properties to solve problems. Demonstrate the ability to select, apply, and convert systems of measurement to solve problems. Explain relevant physical properties of materials used in engineering and technology. Explain relationships among specific scientific theories, principles, and laws that apply to technology and engineering. Select and use a range of communications technologies, including word processing, spreadsheet, database, presentation, email, and Internet applications, to locate and display information. 37 Oradell, River Dell and River Edge Public School Districts Biology DRAFT March 2014