Agenda
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Bell ringer/Parliament Video
Review Questions/Review HW
Notes: Enlightenment Philosophes
Index Cards/Exit Tix assessment
Reading Jigsaw
Guess Who
Announcement
• Quiz Friday!
Review Questions
• Define Divine Right
– God given right to rule, similar to Mandate of Heaven
• Why did Spain become bankrupt under
Ferdinand?
– Inflation, too much $ from colonies, spent $ on
colonies
• Who led the Roundheads in the English Civil War?
– Oliver Cromwell
• Who was Martin Luther?
– German Monk, 95 theses, began protestant
reformation
Review HW
• Let’s discuss p. 7 in packet
The Enlightenment
Objectives
• Students will demonstrate an understanding
of how the Enlightenment resulted from the
Scientific Revolution, Identify at least 2
philosophes and their ideas, and describe how
the Enlightenment influenced world-wide
revolutions.
Where is Europe?
Remember…
• It is crucial to remember that the scientists,
artists, and authors of the scientific revolution
and renaissance questioned existing authorities
(catholic church). By questioning authority – they
set a trend. Because they did it, others will now
do it. But these guys aren’t going to do it through
science or art, they are going to question politics,
government, and human nature. Their
philosophies are going to change the way people
view the word around them for the rest of
history…..
Enlightenment
• Enlighten: the act of being enlightened or the
state of enlightenment. Having full
comprehension of a situation. A “light bulb”
goes off….
Enlightenment
• The Enlightenment: was a period of time
when intellectuals questioned existing
governments, leaders, and human nature
based on individualism and reason.
• Absolute rulers and officials of the Church
were most opposed to the ideas of the
Enlightenment (duh)
The Scientific Revolution and the
Enlightenment
• During the Scientific Revolution people began
to question old ways through observation and
reason (Bacon! Descartes! Scientific Method!)
• Reason was applied to these studies during
enlightenment:
– Economics
– Political Science/Government
– Industry (eventually….with industrial rev)
– Sociology (study of society, how people act)
Enlightened Thinkers….
• We call the fellers that became “enlightened”
philosophes (weird way to say philosopher)
• There are 5 big ones. You must try to
memorize at least TWO!
• Why? They changed the world as it existed
and created the world you live in today.
Philosophes….
• Make sure you write down each of their
names and what they did….
Thomas
Hobbes
• He wrote the book Leviathan, which stated
that people are naturally evil, and need an
absolute ruler otherwise there would be
chaos and disorder
• Obvi absolute leaders LOVED them some
Hobbes …. He thought they should maintain
absolute power.
• But some people disagreed….
John Locke
• He believed people should rule themselves.
Humans are totally capable of that.
• Locke also believed that people have three
natural rights: life, liberty, and property.
– If a government does not protect these rights, Locke
said that the people should overthrow the
government.
• Wrote "Two Treatises of Government”
• His philosophy becomes the basis for the US
Constitution. Our founding fathers loved this
guy…
Voltaire
• “I may disagree with what you have to say. But
I will fight to the death defending your right to
say it” – Voltaire
• Firm believer in freedom of speech
• US Bill of Rights….
Jean-Jacques
Rousseau
• Social Contract Theory!!
– People give up power and freely form a
government in exchange for the protection of
natural rights as defined by Locke
– I allow my government to make decisions for me. I
give them my money. In return – they protect my
life, liberty, and property
– Basis for US Government
• Wrote "The Social Contract”
Baron de
Montesquieu
• Flip the “M” in Montesquieu upside down and
what number do you get?
– 3!
• Believed in Separation of Powers.
• Legislative branch, Executive branch, and
Judicial branch (3 branches!)
• Basis for US Government
• Wrote "Spirit of the Laws.”
Agenda
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Bellringer
Review Questions
Finish/Study Index cards
Whiteboard activity
Jigsaw readings (Locke and Rousseau)
Review
• Absolute rulers believed they could do whatever
they wanted because they ruled by:
– Divine Right
• John Locke said everyone is entitled to Life,
Liberty and property. These are called:
– Natural Rights
• What classical civilization collapsed leading to
feudalism in Europe?
– Rome
• What law code was based on an “eye for an eye”?
– Code of Hammurabi
Index Cards
• Write the name of a philosophe on the front of
an index card (should have 5 total)
• On the back of the card, write their most
important contributions/ideas
• We will continue adding to this “Pile of People” as
the year progresses…
• You have 3 minutes to study your philosophes
with your partner
• What Philosophe believed in
natural rights of life, liberty
and property?
• What Philosophe believed in
freedom of speech?
• What Philosophe argued in
favor of absolute rulers
because people are naturally
bad?
• What Philosophe argued in
favor of multiple branches of
government?
• What Philosophe believed that
in order for government to
work their must be a social
contract between the people
and their government?
Jigsaw Readings
• If you are given the number “1”
– Read/listen to the selection from Locke’s book on
p. 10
– Highlight key ideas, be prepared to share Locke’s
thoughts with the rest of the class
• If you are given the number “2”
– Read/listen to Rousseau’s excerpt on p. 11
– Highlight key ideas, be prepared to share locket’s
thoughts with the rest of the class.
Bellringer
• Study index cards with your partner to
prepare for quiz…
Agenda
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Bellringer
Study time (index cards)
Quiz
Jigsaw Locke/Rosseau readings
Decode US Constitution
Study
• Take 3-5 minutes to study your index cards
with your partner prior to our quiz
• You must know ALL philosophes!
Quiz
• What are natural rights as defined by Locke?
• What was Montesquieu's theory of
government?
• Define social contract as outlined by Rousseau
• What did Thomas Hobbes believe about
human nature?
• Define Divine Right
• What was the result of Henry VIII’s Act of
Supremacy?
• Voltaire believed everyone had a right to free
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Jigsaw
All “2’s” stand up!
You are going to be paired with a “1”
Discuss your respective readings with each other
for 5 minutes
US Constitution
• In your packet, page 8
• Read the US Constitution and underline any
enlightenment ideas you find
• You must have at least THREE underlined ideas
with the name of the philosophe written next
to it
Meanwhile in America…
• America was a collection of colonies under the control
of Great Britain
• Great Britain profited from our resources and labor
(mercantilism)
• Truthfully – GB did nothing out of the ordinary. We
were not treated unfairly.
• They defended us in French and Indian war. Cost them
a lot of money
Meanwhile in America…
• To recover some of the money that GB spent
defending us from the French and the Indians
they passed new taxes
• Stamp act, Tea act, etc…
• Some pretty patriotic fellas got real mad….
• WHY?
Meanwhile in America…
• BECAUSE THEY DID NOT WANT THEIR TAXES RAISED
WITHOUT REPRESENTATION IN PARLIAMENT
• THE PEOPLE SHOULD HAVE A SOCIAL CONTRACT WITH
THEIR GOVERNMENT
• THE GOVERNMENT SHOULD HAVE CHECKS ON ITS
POWER
• I CAN SAY WHAT I WANT BECAUSE I HAVE FREEDOM OF
SPEECH
Where did these ideas come from?
• Enlightenment philosophes
• All of those books they wrote were printed on
the printing press and shipped to America
• Americans read them, agreed with them, got
mad at GB, and revolted.
Influence on the American Revolution
• Domino Effect: First Americans revolt, then
the French will, then Latin America…..
Constitution of the U.S.
• Read p. 8
• Underline everything you believe in an
enlightenment idea.
• Next to it, write the philosophers name
Activity
• You will each have five index cards.
• On each, write the name of an enlightenment
philosophe on one side and their beliefs on
the other
• You have 10 minutes to quiz the person next
to you, then we will have a pop quiz.
Exit Ticket: Quiz!
• Which philosophe believed that all people have
natural rights of life, liberty, and property?
• Which philosophe believed that there should be 3
branches of government?
• What did Voltaire advocate?
• Why did absolute leaders like Hobbes?
• What was the social contract theory created by
Rosseau?
• What was the first revolution inspired by the
enlightenment?
• What time period inspired enlightenment
philosophes?