Cell Structure
& Function
http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html
Cell Theory
• All living things are made up of cells.
• Cells are the smallest unit of life.
• All cells come from preexisting cells.
What is the definition of a cell?
• A cell is the smallest unit of life, what
all living things are made of
Examples of Cells
Amoeba Proteus
Plant Stem
Bacteria
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
More Cell Types
Bone
Cell
Cartilage
Cell
Muscle
Cell
Blood
Cell
Nerve
Cell
Small
Intestine
Cell
Two Types of Cells
•Prokaryotic
•Eukaryotic
Animal Cell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif
Plant Cell
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif
Cell Structures
Called “Organelles”
Surrounding the Cell
• Cell Membrane
• Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Function:
• Surrounds and protects the
cell, lets things in and out
Animal, Plant, or Both
Analogy:
• Door, Gate, Security Guard
Cell Wall
Function:
• Supports & protects the cell
• Gives a square or
rectangular shape
Animal, Plant, or Both
Analogy:
• Walls of house, fence
Inside the Cell
• Cytoplasm
• Nucleus
• Mitochondria
• Ribosomes
• Endoplasmic Reticulum
(Rough ER & Smooth ER)
• Golgi Bodies/Apparatus
• Lysosomes
• Centrioles
• Central Vacuole
• Chloroplasts
Cytoplasm
Function:
• Gel-like substance surrounded
by cell membrane
• Contains most organelles
Animal, Plant, or Both
Analogy:
• Air in the house, water in a
swimming pool
The cytoplasm is
colored yellow in
this diagram
Nucleus
Function:
• Controls all of the cell’s activities
and contains the genetic material
called DNA.
• Includes 23 pairs of chromosomes
that contain instructions for traits &
characteristics
Animal, Plant, or Both
Analogy:
• Boss, brain
Mitochondria
Function:
• Provides energy for the
cell; the powerhouse
Animal, Plant, or Both
“Mighty” Chondria
Analogy:
• power plant
Ribosomes
Function:
• Makes proteins
• Found on Rough ER &
floating throughout the cell
Animal, Plant, or Both
Analogy:
• construction worker
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Function:
• Moves materials around the cell
• Rough ER: has ribosomes
• Smooth ER: no ribosomes
Animal, Plant, or Both
Analogy:
• conveyor belt, hallway, highway
Golgi Bodies/Apparatus
Function:
• Wraps or packages proteins
before they can leave the cell.
Animal, Plant, or Both
Analogy:
• Post Office
Lysosomes
Function:
• Digests enzymes &
transports waste material to
cell membrane for removal
Animal, Plant, or Both
Analogy:
• Garbage Man
Centrioles
Function:
• Paired organelle that
helps with cell division
Animal, Plant, or Both
Analogy:
• Math teacher (can divide
and multiply)
Central Vacuole
Function:
• Stores food, water, and
waste, keeps cell’s shape
Animal, Plant, or Both
Analogy:
• Refrigerator
Chloroplasts
Function:
• Makes plant’s food called
glucose (photosynthesis)
Gives plants green color
Animal, Plant, or Both
Analogy:
• Chef