Announcements
 Find
your TA and sit in that section of
the room (unless you prefer to sit in the
front center).
 Take out a piece of paper for the quiz.
 Put
your name, lab section #, and TA’s
name at the top.
 Have
another sheet of paper out for
notes and an exercise today.
 Number
that paper 1-16.
.
Informative Speaking:
Where do you start?
Topics, purposes and speech
structures
.
Informative Unit: Building
Confidence through experience

Introductory Speeches [All done!]
 Paired Perspectives Speeches



topic forms are already done or can be turned in
during Lab next Friday.
present in Labs Sept. 10 and 12
Informative Speeches



workbook pp. 16-20
Topic forms due on WebCT by Sept. 7
Preparation Outlines due by September 24.
.
Where do you begin?
At the end!
Identify your goal using Specific
Purpose Statements and Central Ideas
.
Specific Purpose: Goal
Central Idea: Content
Central Idea
Specific Purpose
To inform my
audience of the ways
handwriting analysts
determine personality
traits by examining a
person's writing.
Handwriting analysts try
to determine personality
traits by examining the
consistency, angularity,
and size of a person's
writing.
.
Main Points
I.
II.
III.
Handwriting analysts try to determine
personality traits by examining the
consistency of a person's handwriting.
Handwriting analysts try to determine
personality traits by examining the angularity
of a person's handwriting.
Handwriting analysts try to determine
personality traits by examining the size of a
person's handwriting.
.
Your Topic
Specific Purposes and Central Ideas

Follow advice on the assignment descriptions
 Esp. for the Informative speech see p. 18-19 in the
workbook.


Options A, B and C
Ask yourself:
 Does it fit the assignment/situation?
 Does it pass ethical guidelines?
 Does the topic and goal make my job easier?
 Does it have substance? (Can I find sources?)
 Can I speak about it with comfort?
 Do I care about it?
 Can I see a way to engage my audience?
.
“Speak clearly,
if you speak at all.”
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.
Using Arrangement to Build Clarity
and Confidence
.
Main Point Guidelines:
 2-5
main points
 keep them separate
 use parallel wording
 balance your attention to each main
point
 reflect main points in the Central Idea
 use strategic ordering
.
Quiz Question 3


Following the guidelines for stating main
points (including proper use of symbols), list
the main points for the following central
idea:
“The laser is a highly versatile instrument
with important uses in medicine, industry,
and art.”
.
Memory and Structure
An experiment
.
Process Memory
Experiment
.
Identify the organizational method used in
the following set of main points.
I.
II.
Cesar Chavez is best known for his
efforts to protect the rights of Hispanic
farm workers in California.
Cesar Chavez was also a tireless
advocate for Hispanic racial and
cultural pride in general.
Specific Purpose: To inform my audience of the
major accomplishments of Cesar Chavez.
.
Topical Order

The most common organizing strategy.
 Perfect structure for speeches about types of
things or speeches that list aspects of a topic.

So this is probably what you want for Paired
Perspectives!

To use it well, the points must have a clear
link or theme.
 This structure offers only limited strategic
benefit.
.
Identify the organizational method used in
the following set of main points.
I.
II.
III.
IV.
The game we know as golf originated in
Scotland during the 15th century.
Most of golf's rules and traditions developed
during the 19th century.
Professional golf tours for men and women
emerged during the 20th century.
Today golf is at a peak of popularity among
every day players and as a spectator sport.
Specific Purpose: To inform my audience of the
historical development of the sport of golf.
.
Chronological Order
 Main
points are arranged according to a
time sequence.
 Process speeches are usually
chronological.
 Speeches about events and about
people can use chronological order.
 There is a strong psychological benefit
to this structure.
.
Identify the organizational method used in
the following set of main points.
I.
II.
Caused by the bite of infected
mosquitos, West Nile Virus is
spreading throughout the United
States.
The effects of West Nile Virus include
flu-like symptoms, convulsions,
swelling of the brain, and sometimes,
death.
Central Idea: West Nile Virus is spread by infected
mosquitos and results in serious illness.
.
Causal Pattern:
Only 2 main points

Certainly has psychological benefits since
causal reasoning is a way that we process
information in the world.
 Can run cause to effect (like the West Nile
example)
 Can run effect to cause:
I. Studies have shown increasing levels of bacteria
inside Iowa’s grocery stores.
II. The bottle bill is responsible for this health hazard.
.
Causal
 Causal
patterns lend themselves to
persuasive speeches of fact.
 Causal patterns can be used for
informative speeches
 especially
for medical topics
 i.e. causes and effects of diabetes
.
Identify the organizational method used in
the following set of main points.
I.
II.
III.
The outer layer of the skin, the
epidermis, is about as thick as a sheet
of paper.
The middle layer of the skin, the dermis,
is 15 to 40 times thicker than the
epidermis.
The innermost layer of the skin, the
subcutaneous tissue, is by far the
thickest layer.
Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the
characteristics of the layers of the skin.
Central Idea: The outer, middle and innermost layers of the
skin each have distinct characteristics.
.
Spatial Pattern
 Follows
a directional pattern: outside to
inside; east to west, top to bottom etc.
 Great for informative speeches about
places or for historical topics.
 There is some psychological benefit to
this pattern, especially with visual
learners.
.
Identify the organizational method used in
the following set of main points.
I.
II.
Childhood obesity has reached crisis
proportions in the United States.
Solving the problem will require
changes in attitudes, eating habits, and
exercise.
Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience that the U.S. must
take steps to solve the problems of childhood obesity.
Central Idea: Childhood obesity is a serious problem in the
U.S. that must be addressed through changes in
attitudes and the adoption of healthy habits.
.
Problem-Solution:
Only 2 main points

Used most often in persuasive contexts.




It has a strong psychological benefit.
You first prove that something is broken.
And then you fix it.
Can be used for informative speeches,
especially on medical topics.
I. Alzheimer’s is a serious illness that affects its
victims’ minds as well as their bodies.
II. New treatments for Alzheimer’s are improving
the lives of its victims
.
Is it worth it to work at
structure?

Good organization is linked to audience
comprehension of your message.
 Good organization is linked to retention of
your message.
 Good organization is linked to the audience’s
ability to use your information.
 Good organization improves your credibility
and persuasiveness.
.
End
Have a wonderful and safe Labor
Day Weekend!
.