{
Literacy Across
the Curriculum
•Research Papers/Pieces
•Paraphrasing & Summarizing
•Plagiarism
•MLA
}
Research: Why?
• High Schools That Work recommends
that students prepare a research
paper in every class every year
• In classes other than language arts,
expect students to do at least one
“researched” piece each semester
Benefits
• The research process helps students
deepen their knowledge of a specific
content area by immersing them in the
language, concepts and intellectual
work of the discipline.
• It helps them become independent
learners and competent problem solvers
in any career field.
Future Projects
• The CRHS would like to work on a
continuum of standards and
expectations for research (maybe a
packet everyone can use within
research for their content)
• The CRSD vertical team is going to be
discussing research, and how that will
fit into the curriculum map they are
working on.
What does this mean?
• Research Paper
– Help deepen student’s
knowledge about a topic
– Students need to engage in
the research process in
every class beginning in
middle school
– Selecting a topic
– Focused topics help
eliminate plagiarism
– Writing-to-demonstrate
learning
• “Researched” Pieces
– Authentic experiences
– Targeted audience for a
focused purpose
– Much more challenging &
engaging task
– Differs
• Required number of
sources
• How to document the
sources within the text
Researched Pieces
Science
Math
• Research, design, conduct own • Mathematicians Wall of
inquiry experiment—write
Fame—contributions,
scientific journal article
photos, biological info.
• Commentary about
• Real Life Math—
controversial topic including
interview people in
facts & opinions
various occupations &
create brochure or
• Problem/Solution Project
PowerPoint
Researched Pieces
Social Studies
Foreign Languages
• Review on historical fiction •
book & evaluation of
accuracy
•
• Create a time period
magazine based on collection
of articles
• Comparative Study—
newspaper article comparing
impact of education on
different states
Brochure for
American tourists
Famous Person—
contribution to
country’s history
Researched Pieces
Career/Tech Studies
• How-to Manual—for at
home repairs on appliances
or electronics
• Business Proposal—present
to local company
• History & advances of
career/tech area
• Product and Webpage
P.E./Health
• Poster for teens on
making healthy
choices or concerns
for teens—Type 2
Diabetes
• Persuasive Speech—
health benefits of
leisure sports
Paraphrasing
and
Summarizing
Paraphrasing and Summarizing
Language Network, Grade 11, pp. 474- 475
• Paraphrasing restating information in your own words.
A paraphrase often is as long
as the original material.
Paraphrasing and Summarizing
Language Network, Grade 11, pp. 474- 475
Paraphrasing and Summarizing
Language Network, Grade 11, pp. 474- 475
How to paraphrase:
1. Identify the main idea and supporting
idea of the passage.
2. Simplify the vocabulary without
changing the meaning.
3. Review your paraphrase for plagiarism
and misleading statements.
4. Credit your source!
Paraphrasing and Summarizing
Language Network, Grade 11, pp. 474- 475
Paraphrasing and Summarizing
Example: Original text:
“For me, being a doctor is a rich and rewarding
experience. It gives me a front-row seat on all the hopes
and fears, joys and sorrows of people’s lives. To be part of
this mysterious cycle of birth and death and to effect
change within it – this is something that is indescribable
and unforgettable. I can think of no better way to live a
life.” - Alice Mann, M.D.
Paraphrasing and Summarizing
Language Network, Grade 11, pp. 474- 475
Example: Original text:
“For me, being a doctor is a rich
and rewarding experience. It
gives me a front-row seat on all
the hopes and fears, joys and
sorrows of people’s lives. To be
part of this mysterious cycle of
birth and death and to effect
change within it – this is
something that is indescribable
and unforgettable. I can think of
no better way to live a life.” Alice Mann, M.D.
Paraphrase:
According to Dr. Alice
Mann, being a doctor is
very fulfilling. She feels
honored to take part in
the varied experiences of
other people’s lives – both
happy and sad – and to
make a positive
contribution to them. To
her, the doctor’s life is a
life well-lived.
Paraphrasing and Summarizing
Language Network, Grade 11, pp. 474- 475
• Summarizing presenting a condensed version of
someone else’s ideas in your own words.
A summary is usually about one-third the
length of the original material.
Paraphrasing and Summarizing
Language Network, Grade 11, pp. 474- 475
How to summarize:
1. You only present the main points and
leave out the minor details.
2. Simplify the vocabulary without
changing the meaning.
3. Review your summary for plagiarism
and misleading statements.
4. Credit your source!
Paraphrasing and Summarizing
Language Network, Grade 11, pp. 474- 475
Example: Original text:
“For me, being a doctor is a rich and rewarding
experience. It gives me a front-row seat on all the
hopes and fears, joys and sorrows of people’s lives.
To be part of this mysterious cycle of birth and death
and to effect change within it – this is something
that is indescribable and unforgettable. I can think
of no better way to live a life.” - Alice Mann, M.D.
Paraphrasing and Summarizing
Language Network, Grade 11, pp. 474- 475
Example: Original text:
“For me, being a doctor is a rich
and rewarding experience. It
gives me a front-row seat on all
the hopes and fears, joys and
sorrows of people’s lives. To be
part of this mysterious cycle of
birth and death and to effect
change within it – this is
something that is indescribable
and unforgettable. I can think of
no better way to live a life.” Alice Mann, M.D.
Summary:
Dr. Alice Mann says
that being a doctor
is a rewarding
experience. She’s
glad she chose
medicine as a
career.
Paraphrasing and Summarizing
Language Network, Grade 11, pp. 474- 475
Paired Activity #1
Working with your partner, prepare a paraphrase of the
following passage:
“Some years later, reflecting back on my college
experiences, I realized something else. The outside, nonIndian world is tribeless, full of wandering singular
souls, seeking connection through societies, clubs, and
other groups. White people know what it is to be a
family, but to be a tribe is something of an altogether
different sort. It provides a feeling of inclusion in
something larger, of having a set place in the universe
where one always belongs. It provides connectedness
and a blueprint for how to live.”
– Lori Arviso Alvord: “Walking the Path
between Worlds”
Paired Activity #2
Working with your partner, prepare a summary of
the following passage:
“In the States, young people who don’t feel
ready for college can work for a few years and then
apply when they feel more motivated or mature.
Young Japanese people don’t have the same chance.
For older adults to go back to school to have a
second chance – at a job or an artistic career or
personal fulfillment – is practically impossible.”
- Kyoko Mori: “School”
Using MLA Style
All research papers or pieces must include a
works cited page in MLA style submitted with
the paper or project.
MLA style headings
Rules on Plagiarism
Parenthetical Documentation
Sample of title page with bound research papers
MLA format for works cited page with most
commonly used resources
• Works listed in alphabetical order
• Word 2007-References
•
•
•
•
•
Plagiarism
But this “ordinary bow-legged human,” whose actual
span of activity on the trail drives was a fleeting twenty
years, has been buried under a heavy tonnage of pulp and
celluloid.
– Ted Morgan, A Shovel of Stars
Plagiarized:
The ordinary bow-legged
cowboy, who was active only a
fleeting 20 years, has been buried
under heavy tons of pulp fiction
and movies.
Some words were
changed, but no
quotation marks were
inserted and no credit
was given to the author.
Examples for citing sources:
Language Network, Grade 11, p. 451
Plagiarism
But this “ordinary bow-legged human,” whose actual
span of activity on the trail drives was a fleeting twenty
years, has been buried under a heavy tonnage of pulp and
celluloid.
– Ted Morgan, A Shovel of Stars
Properly Cited:
As Ted Morgan notes in A
The author was credited.
Shovel of Stars, the real American
The author’s words
cowboy was just “an ordinary
were included in
bow-legged human” who rode the
quotation marks.
trails for only two decades (268).
You would never know that from
A page citation was
the heroes created by popular
included
fiction and the movies, though.
Examples for citing sources:
Language Network, Grade 11, p. 451
Work Cited
Dick, Elizabeth. “Research Writing.” Literacy Across the
Curriculum: Setting and Implementing Goals for
Grades Six through 12. Atlanta: SREB, 2007. Print.
Language Network: Grammar, Writing, Communication,
Grade 11. Evanston, Ill.: McDougal Littell, Inc.,
2001. 715p