Solid-State Physics I
Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
Fall semester 2011
Educational team:
Hamed Saberi, Ph.D.
Massoud Amiri, M.Sc.
Mehdi Zahedi, B.E.E.
Lecture 1: Introduction and motivation
Shahrivar 29, 1390
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1
Outline
Part I: Getting to know to each other ...
Part II: Introduction to the course subject: "More is different!"
• Solid-state physics: the advent
• Solid-state/condensed matter physics: main features and the significance
• Solid-state physics and emerging technologies
• Solid-state/condensed-matter tradition
• Solid-state "friends": Cross-fertilization
Part III: Course outline and organization
• Course objective
• Course "space-time"
• Teaching style
• Textbooks and syllabus
• Grading/evaluation policy
• Tutorial sessions
• Genral tips to succeed in this course
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Part I: Getting to know to each other
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Getting to know to each other …
Lecturer:
• 1381: BSc in atomic and molecular Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran,
Iran
• 1383: MSc in theoretical condensed matter physics, Shahid Beheshti University, under
F. Ebrahimi, Tehran, Iran
• 2009: PhD in theoretical condensed matter physics, University of Munich (LMU),
under J. von Deflt & E. Solano, Munich, Germany
• 2009-2011: Post-docs at LMU, UPV Bilbao and Regensburg
Research interests:
• Numerical calculations for strongly correlated systems
• Quantum information processing
• Mesoscopic Physics: Quantum transport theory and spin electronics
And you?
• Name:
• Institute :
• Field of specialization:
• Main science interests:
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Part II: Introduction to the course subject
What is solid-state physics all about?
"More is different!" P.W. Anderson
1+1≠2
 2
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Solid-state physics: the advent
• Solid-state physics studies how the large-scale properties of solid
materials result from their atomic-scale properties.
• The birth of solid-state physics as a separate
field with the publication of Fredrick Seitz’s
book, Modern Theory of Solids (1940)
coalescing parts of many fields such as
metallurgy, crystallography, magnetism,
and electronic conduction in solids into the
new field of solid-state physics.
• About twenty years later: the advent of the term condensedmatter physics, including solid-state but also liquids and a
variety of materials in condensed phase like quantum fluids,
liquid crystals, complex systems etc
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Solid-state/condensed-matter phys.: main features
B
A
C
𝑃𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷
D
?
= 𝑃𝐴 + 𝑃𝐵 + 𝑃𝐶 + 𝑃𝐷
Not necessarily!
• Collective phenomena, interactions, correlations
• Novel collective phenomena: High-temperature
superconductivity, superfluidity, Anderson localization, BoseEinstein condensation (BEC), persistent currents, Mott
insulators, Kondo effect, Fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE)
etc
• "More is different!": Emergent simplifying properties at a higher
level of complexity: crystal symmetry, thermodynamic limit, the
laws of statistics etc
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Solid-state physics: the significance
• As the largest branch of condensed-matter physics (CMP), it
aims at understanding and explaining macroscopic properties
of the materials from interactions among constituent particles.
• CMP identified as the largest field of contemporary physics:
around 1/3 of US physicists belong to condensed-matter
category!
• Over the past 50 years, 22 Nobel prizes in physics went to
condensed-matter!
• Proof by contradiction: cf. budgets toward CMP in developing
countires to that of the developed world!
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Solid-state physics and emerging technologies
• Semiconductor technlogy: Transistor and integrated circuits technology
• Superconductor technologies: SQUID
• 2007's physics Nobel prize for hard disk technology
• Graphene (Nobel prize in physics 2010)
• The "tsunami" of Nanotechnology:
phase-coherent contorl of nature at nano-scale
Quantum dots:
Artificial atoms
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Solid-state/condensed-matter tradition
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Solid-state "friends": Cross-fertilization
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Quantum mechanics
Statistical physics
Materials science
Metallurgy
Crytallography
Quantum optics
Quantum electronics
Many-body physics
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• Quantum information
• Quantum chemistry
• Nanoscience and
nanotechnology
• Spintronics
• Electrical engineering
• Computational physics
• Nanobiotechnology
Part III: Course outline and organization
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Course objectives
•
Introduction to basic concepts of solid-state physics either to excite the mind for
pursuing a condensed matter career or to give a fair overview of the subject to
audience with ambitions towards other disciplines of physics
•
Illustration of modern examples of technological interest (carbon nanotubes, band
structure of graphite and grapheme, quantum Hall effect, transport theory of
nanostructures, giant magnetoresistance for hard disk technology along with a
pedagogical presentation of the traditional solid-state topics
•
Considerable attention to the theory of band structures, semiconducting materials
and Fermi surface analysis
•
Much emphasis on exercises of pedagogical merit as well as research-oriented ones
through team work under intensive and regular tutorial sessions
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Course "space-time"
Schedule: Sunday and Tuesday 14:30-16:00
(Lecture duration: 90 mins)
Venue: Seminar Room of Physics Department,
Shahid Beheshti University
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Teaching style
• Gap-filled E-chalk
Tablet PC & projector
www.theorie.physik.uni-muenchen.de/~vondelft/echalk/echalktemplate.jnt
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Textbooks
"A book is useful to at least one person: its own author!“
Undergraduate:
1) Introduction to Solid State Physics, C. Kittel (Wiley 8th ed, 2004).
2) Solid state physics: introduction to the theory, J. Patterson and B. Bailey (Springer 2nd ed,
2011).
3) Introductory solid state physics, H.P. Myers (CRC Press 2nd ed, 1997).
4) Elementary Solid State Physics, M.A. Omar (Addison-Wesley, 1994).
5) Solid State Physics, J.S. Blakemore (Cambridge University Press 2nd ed, 1985).
6) Solid state physics, J.R. Hook and H.E. Hall (Wiley 2nd ed, 1995).
7) Solid state physics: an introduction, P. Hofmann (Wiley-VCH, 2008).
8) Understanding solid-state physics, S.L. Holgate (Taylor & Francis, 2009).
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Textbooks 2
More advanced:
9) Solid state physics, G. Grosso and G.P. Parravicini (Academic Press, 2000).
10) Solid-State Physics: An Introduction to Principles of Materials Science, H. Ibach and H. Lüth
(Springer, 2009).
11) Solid State Theory: An Intoroduction, U. Rössler (Springer, 2009).
12) Solid State Physics, N.W. Ashcroft and N.D. Mermin (Brooks Cole, 1976).
13) Principles of the Theory of Solids, J.M. Ziman (Cambridge University Press, 1979).
14) Condensed matter physics, M.P. Marder (Wiley-Interscience, 2000).
15) Quantum Theory of Solids, C. Kittel (John Wiley and Sons, 1987).
16) Fundamentals of the Theory of Metals, A. Abrikosov (North-Holland, 1988).
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Textbooks 3
17) Condensed matter in a nutshell, G.D. Mahan (Princeton University Press, 2010).
18) Solid state theory, W.A. Harrison (Dover Publications, 1980).
19) Solid state physics: essential concepts, D.W. Snoke (Addison-Wesley, 2009).
Electrical properties:
20) Electrical properties of materials, L. Solymar and D. Walsh (Oxford University Press, 2009).
21) Electronic Structure and the Properties of Solids: The Physics of the Chemical Bond, W.A.
Harrison (Dover publications, 1989).
22) Atomic and Electronic Structure of Solids, E. Kaxiras (Cambridge University Press, 2003).
Device aspects:
23) Solid state electronic devices, B. Streetman and S. Banerjee (Prentice Hall, 2005).
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Textbooks 4
24) Semiconductor Devices: Physics and Technology, S.M. Sze (Wiley, 2001).
Modern mesoscopics/transport aspects:
25) Quantum Transport: Introduction to Nanoscience, Y.V. Nazarov and Y.M. Blanter (Cambridge
University Press, 2009).
26) “Quantum transport in semiconductor nanostructures”, C. W. J. Beenakker and H. van Houten,
arXiv:cond-mat/0412664v1.
27) Mesoscopic Electronics in Solid State Nanostructures, T. Heinzel (Wiley-VCH; illustrated edition,
2003).
28) Quantum Transport: Atom to Transistor, S. Datta (Cambridge University Press, 2005).
29) Mesoscopic Phenomena in Solids, B. Altshuler, P.A. Lee, and R. A. Webb, (eds) (North-Holland,
1991).
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Textbooks 5
Filed theoretical aspects:
30) Condensed Matter Field Theory, A. Altland and B. Simons (Cambridge University Press,
2006).
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Syllabus
Refer to course brochure
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Grading/evaluation policy
Credit
Contribution
Class activity (relevant and penetrating questions, suggestions,
corrections, deep understanding, efforts and dedication
towards the course and the subject, etc)
20%
Exercises= handouts+ solution presentation upon tutorial
sessions* (*5% per presentation)
20%+20%
Midterm exam
20%
Final exam
20%
∑ 100%
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Communications
• Office hour: Tuesday 16:30 - 17:30
• E-mail: hamed.saberi@lmu.de
• Skype: h_saberi
• ooVoo: h_saberi
• [Solid] Mailing-list
• Temporary course home-page:
http://homepages.physik.uni-muenchen.de/~Hamed.Saberi/solid.html
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Request
• Please send me an email with the subject "Solid-State Physics I" and
in the body a message containing info of the following format:
-
Surname, first name:
Institute:
Field of specialization:
Main science interests:
e.g.
- Saberi, Hamed
- Physics Departement, Shahid Beheshti University
- Condensed matter theory
- Mesoscopic Physics, Quantum information
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Tutorial sessions
• Attaendance in tutorial sessions is highly
recommended!
• Besides the 20% presentation credit, complementary
course materials (and sometimes some parts of the
syllabus) will be covered throughout the tutorial
sessions!
• Please do stick to one tutor for evaluation but feel free
to attend whichever sessions you wish
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Tips to succeed in this course
•
Working hard!
•
To feel free to ask as many questions as possible/needed
•
Discussing a lot with other course participants
•
Identifying local experts (graduate students of condensed matter around etc) for
possible questions/discussions
•
Attending tutorial sessions regularly
•
Providing regular feedbaks/suggestions to the educational team
•
Avoiding philiosophiizng physics and learning rather by doing!
And most importantly:
Reading emails and visiting course home-page regularly!
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Caveats
• Pragmatism vs Iranian/Indian understading of sceince especially
among students community
• Never expect to digest anything upon the first iteration. Don‘t get
stuck, rather keep going ahead and always allow multiple iterations
• Don't be surprised happening to hear the most commonly used term
of science, namely, "I don't know" even from Nobel laureates and
try to practice the intellectual courage of using that as much as
needed!
Obsolete scientific concepts after adoption of Copenhagen doctrine:
Just
do
it
and
get
it
to
work!
To understand, to learn, to teach, to read or to study, to waste time
on deriving equations of others, to do science only to enjoy it etc
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A bit of getting the chest off ...
“To be, or not to be, that is the
question: … ”!
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Suggestions/feedbacks always welcome!
hamed.saberi@lmu.de
masoud-amiri@live.com
mehdi.zahedi@gmail.com
“Those who never make mistakes make the biggest
mistake of all: they never try anything new!”
Looking forward to seeing you all in the course!
Do you approve by now that: 1+1≠2? 
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