Northwestern University MRSEC
Novel Developments in Nanolithography:
A. Dip-Pen Nanolithography (DPN)
DPN was developed by Chad Mirkin and coworkers1 to deliver collections of molecules to a
substrate using an atomic force microscope tip.
Molecules are deposited via ink chemisorption
with a resolution of tens of nanometers.
Fig. 1. Schematic representation of DPN
Applications for DPN include:
- functionalization of nanoscale devices
- patterning protein and DNA onto surfaces
- fabricating conducting polymer nanostructures
A start-up company, Nanoink, resulted from the
discovery and development of this novel
technology.
1.
R.D. Piner, J. Zhu, F. Zu, S. Hong, C.A. Mirkin, Nature 1999, 283, 661.
Fig. 2. Lateral force microscopy of
polypyrrole on a cleaned surface
Northwestern University MRSEC
Novel Developments in Nanolithography:
B. Multilayer Nanosphere Lithography
Nanosphere lithography was developed by Richard
Van Duyne and co-workers1 to allow for inexpensive,
massively parallel nanostructure fabrication that is
flexible in nanoparticle size, shape, and spacing.
Using multilayers of nanospheres, it is possible to
design asymmetric nanoparticles of various nanoscale
sizes and geometries.2
A novel, robust glucose sensor has been
developed relying on surface
enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)
from the asymmetric nanoparticles
obtained by this method.3
1. Hulteen, Van Duyne, J. Vac. Sci. Technol.A 1995, 13, 1153.
2. Haynes, Van Duyne, J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 5599.
3. Shafer-Peltier, Haynes, Clucksberg, Van Duyne, J. Am. Chem.
Soc. 2003, 125, 588.
Fig. 3. AFM image if a period
nanoparticle array of silver resulting
from multilayer nanosphere
lithography. Nanoparticles are
triangular and less than 125 nm in
dimension.
Fig. 4. left: Glucose molecules interacting with nanoparticles.
right: SERS Spectrum of: A) Decanethiol, B) Decanethiol +
Glucose, C) Spectrum B – Spectrum A, D) Crystalline Glucose