Globalization and Peasant Society
Part-1
Course Name: Peasant Society (Soc-405)
Dr. Kazi Abdur Rouf
Visiting Associate Professor
Department of Sociology
University of Chittagong
And
Associate Professor
Noble International University, USA
Visiting Scholar and Post Doc Research Fellow
York University, Canada
Topics to be Covered
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Definitions of Globalization
Features of Globalization
Starting Point of Rapid Globalization
Process of Globalization
Means of Expansion of Globalization
Multimedia Contribution to Globalization
Positive Results of Globalization
Changing Early Peasant Culture and Traditions
Pastoral and Agrarian Societies
Industrialization
Modern Society
Nation States are changing by Globalization
Application of Industrialized Technology
Topics to be Covered continue-2
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Meaning of Peasant
Peasant Economics
Chayanov Peasant Economy
Global Development
Boarder Politics of the First World Countries
Imperialism
Reasons of Globalization and the History of Globalization
Benefits of Globalization
Effects of Globalization on Peasant Societies
(Peasant Products and their Status in the Global Market and Modern World
Globalization takes the Benefits of Imperialism and Capitalism
Topics to be Covered continue-3
• Local Agricultural Products defeated by World Market Products and
Supermarkets
• Super Markets and Peasants
• Globalization Monoculture and Mono-crops Cultivation
• Global Consumer Culture
• Effects of Globalization
• Seeds Hybridization and Multinational Corporations
• Globalization makes American Superpower and World at Risk and Crisis
• Examples of Peasant Societies Adversely Affected By Globalization
• Deglobalization, Antiglobalization and Proglobalization
Definitions of Globalization
• World today makes people more interdependent with others, even
thousands of miles away
• Globalization of culture is the process of homogenization of different
cultures around the globe
• Globalization has both positive and negative effects on peasant life.
• It is a process by which businesses or other organizations develop
international influence or start operating on an international scale
• It is a worldwide movement toward economic, financial, trade and
communication integration.
• Globalization implies the opening of local and nationalistic perspectives to a
broader outlook of an interconnected and interdependent world with free
transfer of capital, goods, and services across national frontiers
• However, it does not include unhindered movement of labor.
Definitions of Globalization continue 2
• Globalization is a process of global connections; global networks among
country to country, people to people, business to business, culture to culture
• These connections between the local ad the global are quite new in human
history
• Globalization is multi-dimensional
• Ronald Robertson defined it has squeezed the world and make
interdependent to each other nations
• Martin Albrow defined it is a process to make a global community where all
people belongs to
• Macgro defined it is a modern global-system where different countries
belongs to and it is making/connecting and developing multiple networks
among different societies. Globalization and modernization is different
Features of Globalization
• Walarstine identify four features of globalization
• (1) it is a new global social system where distinctive people can communicate and
make relationship and create a new power system instantly irrespective of
geography
• (2) Global social relationships, exchange of ideas, exchange speed and influence is
increasing
• (3) New networks and communications ties are developing
• New society developed through new knowledge, specialization and
communication. Although its origin in the West, its networking communications
is spreading all over the world (Manual Cassal and Enthony Giddins)
• (4) Globalization is not a single system. It is expanding dialectically
• The first one is global where different society and culture shifting to uniform
society and culture
• Other is local where marginal society, institutions and culture is important and
become powerful
• For example, many people are emphasis on local peasant living green economics.
Starting point of Rapid Globalization Processes
• Globalization processes have accelerated over the past thirty or forty years
• This process has dramatic advances through communications and
transportation, multimedia innovations.
• The development of jet planes, large, speedy container ships of fast travel
and other means (Internet, Print Media, You tube, Face book, Tweeter etc
telecommunication ) has supported globalization
• People and goods, culture and ideas continuously transported across the
world
• It happens through exchange knowledge, ideas, chat, fashion, culture,
education among people. The satellite communication has made it possible
for people to be in touch with one another instantaneously.
• Many scholars think American society, European society and the individual
lives of Americans, is influenced every movement of the day by globalization
Process of Globalization
• Globalization has many processes
• They are economic globalization, multinational agencies, political
globalization, and cultural globalization
• The impact of globalization is different in different countries
• Peasants are victims of economic globalization, political globalization and
cultural globalization
• Many countries shall be poorer than other countries
Means of Expansion of Globalization
• Globalization has different ways to spread in the world
• For example MacDonald fast food, use of Credit card by people
• Harts and Tomson think globalization is a part of capitalism or modern
society. Giddings and other belief globalization is a different process which
would change the whole society. It is necessary human initiatives to reduce
the global inequality and risk.
• Rapid globalization spread across the world through huge e-capital flow,
share market investments and
• Labour, commodity trade expansion boomed and flowed across nationals
• Marin transportation, auto transportation, and railway transportation even
air transportation costs declined sharply
Means of Expansion of Globalization continue-2
• Container economy vertically grow
• The container economy influenced to consumer economy that increase/lead
few peoples’ living standards
• Poor countries are at the periphery of the Europeans and Americans
• Free trade liberality increases cheap lobar exploitation of poor/developing
countries by the corporations usually from rich countries
• Peasants are less skilled in diversified non-agricultural technology, IT
Multimedia Contribution to Globalization
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Present culture based on mass media
Modern culture created books, newspapers, radio, TV, Films
New multimedia open and spread the new culture to people quickly
Cultural globalization is the source of commodity, arts, mass media world
Stuart Hall beliefs modern technology based on mass culture language
differences
It will be difficult to create a general global culture and language
Arts, culture and mass media created an image that can reach to millions of
people immediately
Two processes are related with cultural globalization
(1). World media centered to few people’s hands and agencies
These institutions decided what messages would be delivered to people
through TV, Radio, Cinema and newspapers
Multimedia Contribution to Globalization continue 2
• (2). Audiences are powerless and silent to these huge institutions
• BBC and CNN are two main TV channels generate news but they are not neutral
• They observed the world in the eyes of Western World. Their main interest is
business
• Their main source of income is advertisements
• Media has a big role to create a market of consumerism in the world
• It is evident that one of the central features of consumer culture is the availability
of an extensive range of commodities, goods, and experiences which are to be
consumed, maintained, and planned and dreant about by the general population
• Media creates commodity fetishism
• Mass media plays big role in socialization after family and school
Multimedia Contribution to Globalization contiue-3
• However, Latin America and Indian local cultures become powerful side by
side cultural globalization
• Many people belief local cultures cannot be destroyed and a general uniform
cultural world is not possible
• Stuart Hall thinks local culture can change the world culture.
• Warlarstine beliefs global culture is not possible because culture also protest
and protect its own identity
• Local culture itself resists human cultural imperialism
• American culture is success two fields-brutal cultural emergences and sexual
blue film
• In one hand fighting and murders and on other hand sexuality is main topics
of films and TV.
Results of Globalization
• Resulted the growth of world interdependence
• Globalization is not only a concern of urban social system and individual
• Rather it is local phenomenon, breaking down the peasant traditional
culture, cultivation
• Changing cultivation technology and peasant organizations
• Change peasant products and peasant local market and local market
relations
• Globalization disappear the whole peasant traditional social system and their
means of production and elations of production.
Comments/Questions
Globalization and Peasant Society
Part-2
Course Name: Peasant Society (Soc-405)
Dr. Kazi Abdur Rouf
Visiting Associate Professor
Department of Sociology
University of Chittagong
And
Associate Professor
Noble International University, USA
Visiting Scholar and Post Doc Research Fellow
York University, Canada
Changing Early Peasant Culture and Traditions
• The earliest social culture, barter system, gender relations, division of labor
and the livelihood, wild plant growing, etc are rapidly changing
• Primitive hunting and gathering cultures exist in some areas (Brazil, New
Guinea, Kenya, Botswana, Kalahari Desert, Mozambique, Chittagong hill
tracks) in world
• However, they are rapidly extinct
• These traditional culture and livelihoods have been destroyed or absorbed
by the spread of Western culture and technology of communication and
• Technology of agriculture production and peasant relations and interactions.
Pastoral and Agrarian Societies
• About twenty thousand years ago, some hunting and gathering groups
turned to the raising of domesticated animals and
• Cultivation of fixed plots of land as their means of livelihood
• Pastoral societies relied mainly on domestic livestock, while agrarian
societies grew crops (practiced agriculture)
• Some societies had mixed pastoral and agrarian economics
• Pastoral society’s main economy is livestock raising- cattle, sheep, goats,
camels and horses).
• It is still exist in the modern world, concentrated especially in Africa, the
Middle East, and Central Asia
• They are usually finds in dense grasslands or the deserts or mountains
Pastoral and Agrarian Societies contiue-2
• Traditional growing horticulture (Bangladesh, India, Philippines, Nepal,
Bhutan, Cambodia, Mongolia) supply traditional fruits to people
• Some peoples in the world still rely on primarily horticulture for their
livelihood
• However, highbred livestock technology, HYV fruits cultivation spreading
across the world
• Traditional livestock rising, fruits production is decreasing
• Traditional livestock and horticulture treated less productive and less
economic in the modern tech world
• However, they are not attentive to modern farming and modern production
• Major inequalities exist among different peasant societies
Industrialization
• Industrialization- the emergence of machine production, based on the use of
inanimate power resources (like steam or electricity)
• Industrialized, or modern, societies differ in several key respect from any
previous type of social order
• Industrialization originated in eighteen century England as a result of the
Industrial Revolution• Technological changes affected the means of productions and livelihood
• These changes included the invention of machines (like the spinning jenny
for weaving yarn), the harnessing of power resources and the use of science
to improve production methods
Industrialization continue-2
• Technological innovations in industrialized societies resulted rapid changes of
social life f people compare with traditional social systems
• Industrialization drives to form commerce centers and cities for the business
of the industrial products and markets
• Cities are the dwelling place for business people, factory labors
• Large scale organizations, such as business corporations or government
agencies, come to influence the lives of everyone.
Modern Society
• Modern societies have concerned of political system and citizen rights
(political life) which are more intensive
• This society is complicated than previous forms of government in traditional
societies
• In traditional civilizations, the political authorities (monarchs and emperors)
had little direct influence on the customs and habits of most of the
traditional peasants
• Traditional peasants lived with subsistence self-contained local villages
Nation States are changing
• Globalization is threatening to peasants social life, ethnic identity and
cultural life,
• Nation state losses its niches and local agricultural activities
• Rapid industrialization, transportation and communications are making
integrated “national” community
• The industrialized societies were the first nation-states to come into
existence
• Nation-states are political communities with clearly delimited borders
dividing them from each other
• Nation state governments have extensive powers over many aspects of
citizens’ lives
• They are framing laws that apply to all those living within their borders
Application of Industrialized Technology
• The application of industrial technology has been no means limited to
peaceful process of economic development
• Modern production process have been put to military use- produce weapon,
arms and ammunitions which are more advanced than those of nonindustrial cultures
• Superior economic strength, mechanization of agriculture, HYV seed
production and plantation are in the hands of few multinational companies
• Modern agriculture uses of bio-chemicals
• However, political cohesion, and military superiority are irresistible to spread
of Western ways of life and
• Western power executes across the world over the past two centuries.
Meaning of Peasant
• A peasant is a member of a traditional class of farmers, either laborers or
owners of small farms
• In Europe, peasants were divided into three classes according to their
personal status:
• Slave serf, and freeman
• .Peasants either holds title to land in fee, or hold land by any of several
forms of land tenure, among them
• In Bangladesh, many researchers classified peasants into several classes.
• Classes are landless poor, poor peasants, middle class tenants and land lords
• Modernization of peasant societies think it is better accept western
technologies and ideologies in agriculture
• The modern technology could be a positive aspect result
• Many scholars think, in practice, it is culture erosion
• In Bangladesh, rural peasants used to practice their own traditional
cultivation.
Peasant Economics
• Peasant economics is an area of economics that have a wide variety of
economic used to examine the political economy of the peasantry
• Feature of the peasants are that they are typically seen to be only partly
integrated into the market economy
• Market economy is an economy is typically found to have many imperfect,
incomplete or missing markets
• Peasant economics treats peasants as something different from other
farmers as they are not assumed to be simply small profit maximizing
farmers
• Peasant economics covers a wide range of different theories of peasant
household behavior
• These include various assumptions about the maximization of profits, risk
aversion
• Drudgery (hard work) aversion (dislike) and sharecropping
• Usually they have subsistence agriculture production, supply, consumption
and price.
Chayanov Peasant Economy
• Chayanov was an early proponent of understanding peasant behavior
• He is arguing that peasants would work as hard as they needed in order to
meet their subsistence needs
• However they had no incentive beyond those needs
• Therefore they would slow and stop working once they were met
• This principle, the consumption-labor-balance principle, implies
• It means the peasant household will increase its work until it meets
(balances) the needs (consumption) of the household
• A possible implication of this view of peasant societies is that they will not
develop without some external, added factor.
Chayanov Peasant Economy continue-2
• Peasant subsistence economy is totally different and opposite to corporate
agricultural economy
• Peasants are satisfy if they can feed and meet their basic needs from
subsistence crop production
• However, corporations are greedy of maximizing profit and they do not care
for environmentalism.
International Non-government Organizations (INGOS)
• Burgeoning growth of INGOs are the catalyst of globalization to bring societies
more close to each other
• Environmental Pressure groups (Friends of the Earth, Green Peace),
Professional and Academic Association, International Olympic Committee,
International Federation of Red Cross Societies, Caritas,
• UNICEF, UNESCO, ILO, FAO are the agents of globalization in addition to MNCs
• By 1992, 15000 INGOs operating through the world
• Political globalization: nation states frequently share their power with a
number of international political and non-political organizations, bi-lateral and
multi-lateral arrangements
• Economically advanced countries channel substantial funds and control to
developing countries through the World Bank, IMF, INGOs, NGOs
• They are more powerful in the world.
• Globalization widening the gap between rich hand poor nations
Agents/Actors of Economic globalization
• International Trade is an economic hegemony by GATT, TAFTA, ASEAN, EU
• E-business (Electronic business)
• International labor division: International trade creates labor division in the world
through technical skills, specialization of tasks and manual labor.
• International labor division creates social division in the society, country to country
• Metropolitan societies do capital intensive, high value adding product but poor
countries do labor intensive low paid jobs
• World economy divided the world into three categories: LDCs, second world and DCs
• MNEs are operating global factories- Automobiles parts, Chemicals, Construction are
globalized jobs
• Multinational Enterprises (MNEs): 44000 MNEs with equity and non-equity
investment channels
• MNES accounted 25-30 percent combined GDP in al market economics
• USA, UK, Japan, Germany , China, India, Norway, Canada ,Italy , France etc are the
investor dragons in the world.
Global Development
• From the seventeenth to the early twentieth century, the Western countries
established colonies in many areas
• These nations are previously occupied by traditional societies, using their
superior military strength where necessary
• Although all these colonies now attained their independence, the process of
colonialism was a central to shaping the social map of the globe
• Although North America, Australia and New Zealand, were thinly populated
by hunting and gathering communities, Europeans became the majority
population
• These societies have become industrialized
• Those who have much lower level of industrialization are often referred to as
Third World societies and
• Regarded as undeveloped or backward in industrialized countries, less
developed economy
• Now they are called South countries
Global Development continue-2
• Developed countries are called North countries
• The Third World countries are underdeveloped and poor countries
• First World countries are the industrialized states of Europe, the United
States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Japan
• Second world societies meant (usually meant communist countries) the
Soviet Union (Russia, Poland, East Germany, and Hungary)
• With the end of Cold War, Russia and other former Second World societies
are in the process of moving toward a comparative market system like that f
the Western countries
Boarder Politics of the First World Countries
• The First Word products need new market outside their own countries to sell
their for profit maximization
• Boarder politics limit UDCs goods movements to other rich countries
• For expanding their (First World) markets, investments, they develop and
impose World Trade policies
• Uses world share market, trade liberalization policies, and free market
economy
• Free movement of machines, industrial products, agricultural products, trade
skills, and transfer technology
• These are tools for expanding First World economy to poor nations through
Political system (nation to nation free trade agreement)
• This is process of global exchange of goods, ideas, culture, science and
technology throughout the world from Firs World to Third world
Boarder Politics of the First World Countries continue-2
• As Third World nations are less developed, less economic development and
political unstable, the First World take the opportunity to influence, impose
and pressure to third world countries
• Pressure UDCs to accept their (DCs) own ideas, technology, science,
machineries and products
• Exchanges are without equal benefits, without equal freedom, and rights
• Rather First World creates an environment to accept their decisions
• UDCs depend on their (DCs) decisions
Reasons of Globalization and the History of Globalization
• The main reason of globalization is emergence and expansion of IT
• The first initiative was Telegraph lines connected the world during the
colonial period
• In 1950s first transistors Radio, and then TV are bridges for communicating
and knowing the world
• Computer innovation in the middle of twenty century made another
progress of globalization
• Internet innovation is only thirty years ago
• Mobile phone, Internet and internet telephone, Skype, Face book, Twitter etc
use is spreading all over the world
• The second important reason is different multinational companies developed
in different parts of the world
• They do business all over the world
Reasons of Globalization and the History of Globalization continue-2
• Multinational companies use and spread their technology and business
tactics from country to country
• For example, American multinational companies produced their products in
Europe
• However, after 1970 European companies produced their products in
America
• German companies produced their commodities in South East Asian
countries
• In this way, multinational companies play important role in economic
globalization in the world
Globalization and Peasant Society
Part-3
Course Name: Peasant Society (Soc-405)
Dr. Kazi Abdur Rouf
Visiting Associate Professor
Department of Sociology
University of Chittagong
And
Associate Professor
Noble International University, USA
Visiting Scholar and Post Doc Research Fellow
York University, Canada
Imperialism
• The imposition of agreement drives imperialism of the First world to Third
World nations
• Imperialism results from the stated pressures toward external expansion
• Imperialism assisted the economic development and militarialism of the
Western countries and
• Imperialism impoverished the third world
• A new imperialistic power developed and information revolution
concentrated in the hands of few countries and organizations in the world
• This new imperialism destroys and changed people centered values, thinking,
life styles, local agencies initiatives and economics
• Globalization is rapidly expanding that is totally changing our familiar world
and our change our life styles
• It consequences an increasing divergence between the wealth of the West
(accumulate resources
• Impoverish poverty of the Third World
Globalization takes the Benefits of Imperialism and Capitalism
• Through the process of imperialism, globalization take the ladders to spread
the agenda of the rich countries economic, political, commerce, cultural,
educational agenda to poor nations
• Rich countries have made poor countries dependent on them through trade
liberalization, industrialization and modernization process
• Expansion of capitalism occurs through imperialism and globalization process
• It is a world system theory that facilitates global inequality in economy,
politics, agricultural productions and marketing connections stretching across
the globe-based on the expansion of a capitalist world economy.
Benefits of Globalization
• The advent of globalization has brought about many changes particularly
civilization
• Communities have been able to exchange various aspects of cultures as they
integrate with each other via many avenues created by technology
• Globalization has been instrumental in bringing out changes in various
aspects of human civilization
• The globalization of peasant societies has brought notable benefits such as
assimilation into a modern world
• Numerous government agencies, non-governmental organizations and
missionaries are available for advising use of modern agricultural technology
to peasant societies which is a part of globalization campaign in these
societies
• However through globalization, the existence of band, tribal and peasant
societies has been greatly threatened.
Local Agricultural Products defeated by World Market Products and
Supermarkets
• Some countries agricultural products are exporting to developed countries at
cheap prices
• However, developed countries export their machineries and other products at
higher prices to UDCs
• Local agricultural products cannot compete with the imported commercial
agricultural products
• Local agricultural products loss their local markets
• Peasants become impoverish in the global and local markets and societies
• In this process peasant economy become at the periphery market
• Importing products enter into the local market and impoverish local peasants’
products and peasant economy.
• External agricultural products enter into poor countries (less powerful countries)
market from external countries (powerful countries) through global open trade
liberalization agreement/ free trade treaty
• This open market treaty business opportunity facilitates/generate globalization
spheres across the world.
Super Markets and Peasants
• Usually supermarkets processed products defeated peasants local variety
products
• The superstore products have been made from hundred different countries
and transported across the globe
• This needs a constant flow of information is necessary to coordinate the
millions of daily transactions
• Poor local peasants are not updated with the modern agricultural technology
and products
• This resulted behind them of market product quality and updated market
services.
Globalization Monoculture and Mono-crops Cultivation
• Globalization attempts to make a single agricultural universal production
system
• Universal single market system, and monoculture, mono-education system,
mono-economic and mono-political system- a single social system
• The whole trading system, the process of socio-economic, political relations
among nations to nations is a process to destroy the diversified peasant
agricultural productions and exchange system
• Globalization process have brought many benefits (marketing their products
to other countries, sell their machines to poor countries) to Americans,
Canadian and other developed countries farmers
• The mono-crop agriculture cannot solve food security problem in the
traditional society
Global Consumer Culture
Globalized culture admits a continuous flow of ideas, information, commitment,
values and tastes-mediated through mobile individuals, symbolic tokens and
electronics
Most rigorous impact of globalization is consumerism worldwide
Consumer culture created through advertising
Taste, Fashion, life style become key sources of social differentiation, displacing
culture
Technology and globalization is a powerful force for spreading consumer
culture through out the world
Levi’s jeans, Nike-sneakers, Pakija Kamij, Coca Cola, MacDonalization and other
multinational companies products create demand to people specially to teen
agers.
Consumer tastes are nurtured by global cultures, information and commercials
Peasant traditional food, dress, values vanish by modern consumer culture
Effects of Globalization
• This globalization trap creates many serious problems to peasants in the
world
• Poor peasants are suffering from poverty, destruction of their local
environment/ecology, green jobs and green development in their locality
• Globalization changes the culture, knowledge, values, production system,
production relations, and production technology transfer and ecology system
of a society
• Growing economic, political, and cultural interdependence, inequalities
• Peasants are dependent of mechanical agricultural production
• Capitalism is the main force producing tendencies toward globalization
• Globalization influence modern social life.
• In future, many people shall be poor within rich countries too
Effects of Globalization continue-2
• Economic relations/transactions and laws might create risk and crisis to poor
countries
• It will be difficult for developing countries to progress their economies and
technologies Developing countries shall loss billions of dollars because of
GATT treaty
• Globalization process increases problems like unemployment, inequalities of
wages
• Weak labor using standard in developing countries
Peasant Products and their Status in the Global Market and Modern World
(Effects of Globalization on Peasant Societies)
• Peasants are not used to using HYV mechanical cultivation
• They are treated unskilled labor in the capitalist society
• Their cultivated products are unable to co-opt with globalized commodity
markets
• Merchants, brokers make profits from their produced agri- products
• Moreover, agro-processing industries are capita intensive
• Peasants are unable to make finished products for the market.
• They become left behind in economic progress
• They are suffering from adopting commercial market relations and
• Suffering from poverty
• Peasants are unable to fulfill their basic needs
Seeds Hybridization and Multinational Corporations
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Hybrid seeds are in few corporations’ hands (Pacific Seeds, Cargill Seeds)
They control the world seeds production and distributions
Highbred seed production is capita intensive
Moreover, textiles industries, food processing industries, machineries, IT etc
and commodity distribution, supply business are in corporations’ hands
Poor countries economies are in the corporations pockets
Even poor countries political powers are in corporate bags
These capitalistic corporate motives are for profit
They do not have public wellbeing and environment wellbeing commitment.
Globalization makes American Superpower and World at Risk and Crisis
• Currently America becomes superpower in the world after falling of
communism
• However, environmental crisis, human crisis creates a new consciousness
among people
• Scholars presented to media about the negative side of multinational
companies and globalization
• They are driving the world towards destruction
• Beck says the world is now a risky society
• One country is unable to face such a risk
• There are a need worldwide rules, worldwide cooperation and worldwide
organizations collaboration.
Effects of Globalization
• It is assumed globalization cannot generate human equality in the world
• Many people will suffer from relative poverty
• There will be huge risk in economic transactions and restrictions to poor
countries that might create risk and crisis to them
• Unemployment increases, decreases wage discriminations and weak lobar
values, It brings danger to industries of developing countries
• New disease and miseries are crating as a result of globalization
• Rapid urbanization is a big problem for the developing countries
• More ha 300 cities grow where more than 1 million people live in the world
• More than 50 million landless people live in China
• Families are breaking down, marriages are breaking and crimes increase
Effects of Globalization continue-2
• It is assumed globalization cannot generate human equality in the world
• Many people will suffer from relative poverty
• There will be huge risk in economic transactions and restrictions to poor
countries that might create risk and crisis to them
• Unemployment increases, decreases wage discriminations and weak lobar
values, It brings danger to industries of developing countries
• New disease and miseries are crating as a result of globalization
• Rapid urbanization is a big problem for the developing countries
• More ha 300 cities grow where more than 1 million people live in the world
• More than 50 million landless people live in China
• Families are breaking down, marriages are breaking and crimes increase.
Effects of Globalization continue-3
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Drug business spread quickly in the world
Drug business is bigger after arms business
Environment is in risk too
Peasant societies have disappear as capitalism is globalized
They are remote from the cut- and-thrust of modern concerns of political
economy
• Rather the dynamics of peasant societies are part of modern temporary
international contemporary political economy in the sense of poverty,
development political struggle and environment
Effects of Globalization continue-4
• Peasants are frontline victims of cutback policies of the World Bank in
Bangladesh
• There are many effects of globalization, which are either positive or negative
• Particularly the aspect of globalization has brought serious ramifications
among various societies in the world
• Moreover, peasant societies have brought dire consequences and threatened
to rob them of their existence
• The indigenous peasant societies had herbal remedies alongside spiritual
interventions, which would have ensured their continual existence
• However, allopathic medical science wipeout herbal remedies.
Examples of Peasant Societies Adversely Affected By Globalization
• Some of the peasant societies that have yielded to the waves of globalization
after much persistence are the Maasai in Africa
• Yamomami in South America and
• Wanniyala-Aetto in Sri lanka
• These societies had hitherto remained Royal to their traditions
• However, the enormous pressure to become westernized has seen the
erosion of their culture, loss of their population and integration into
modernity.
Deglobalization, Antiglobalization and Proglobalization
• In globalization, influential group manipulate peasant cultivation
• Powerful land elites control their income and wealth, organizations,
technologies, practices, values and cultures
• In this game some peasants gained and some lost
• Increasingly loud political complaints from losers, political alliances and
stronger lobbying for favoring policies to protect peasant losers
• Deglobalization is the only ‘fair’ way to damage economic damage and
peasant migration to urban areas for fulfilling their survival need.
Deglobalization, Antiglobalization and Proglobalization continue-2
• Moreover proglobalization policies persist and accommodation could
converge, revive and restore peasants’ organizations, cultures and peasant
product market prices
• However it is difficult for peasants to fight for antiglobalization
• Rather developing countries state macro policies, state agreements with rich
countries, trade liberalization/entrance of mega corporations products into
the world market need to be for people centered
• Peasant centered economy can be executed if corporation social
responsibility and state common wellbeing ethics are in first place
• Peasants cannot escape from or fight with big globalized corporate sharks.
Social Movements
Next Session on Social Movements
• Tebaga
• Nonkar
• Naxalbari
• Agrarian Structure and Peasants Revolts
Comments/Questions