Introduction to Animal Science
Mr. Bushman
Domestication
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The animals :
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Valued $$$
Breeding is subject to human control
Survival depends on humans
Behavior is changed in domestication
Feed and water is controlled!
Domestication Across Globe
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1. Near East (Fertile Crescent) 10,000 years ago.
Domestication Across Globe
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2. South China 8,500 years ago
Domestication Across Globe
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3. North China – 7,700 years ago.
Domestication Across Globe
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4. Africa – 4,000 years ago.
Domestication Across Globe
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5. South Central Andes – 4,500 years ago
Domestication Across Globe
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6. Central Mexico – 4,700 years ago.
Domestication Across Globe
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7. Eastern United States – 4,500 years ago
Domestication
Specie
When
Where
Why
Dog
14,000 Years Ago.
Old World
Companionship
Sheep
10,700 Years Ago.
Old World
Food, Milk and
Clothing
Goat
9,000 Years Ago.
Old World
Food, Clothing
and Milk
Pig
9,000 Years Ago.
Old World
Food & Sport
Cattle
6,500 Years Ago.
Old World
Religious
Reasons
Chicken
5,500 Years Ago.
India
Food, Cockfights,
Religion
Horse
5,000 Years Ago.
Old World
Food & Transport
Domestication
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Terms:
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Wild Animal:
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Not genetically altered by selective breeding.
Exotic Animal:
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Wild animal not native to country.
Example, not from USA or Canada, etc…
Domestication
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Terms:
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Feral Animal:
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A domestic animal that lives in the wild with no
human assistance.
Breed:
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A population of domestic animals, that the
individual may vary in genotype and phenotype.
Historical Perspective
8,000 BC
Domestication
776 BC
334 BC
First Olympic Games
1066 AD
1598 AD
1867 AD
Alexander the Great
used Calvary to conquer
Stirrups invented
Cattle brought into the
US by Spanish
Cattle Drives to Railroad
Historical Perspective
1884 AD
USDA began
1905 AD
DHIA was Established
(Dairy Records)
1914 AD
Extension Service
Homestead Act played a huge part of the livestock
industry in the US
•Land was free rather then cheap
Animal Science
Animal Contributions
Functions of Livestock
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Contributions to Humans
Food
 Clothing
 Power
 Recreation
 Research
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Animal Contributions
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Food
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Meat
Milk
Eggs
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Clothing
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Wool
Leather
Hair
Fur
Power
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Horse
Mules
Donkeys, Burrows
Oxen
Recreation
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Pleasure Horses
Livestock Show
Competition
Rodeo
Animal Science Industry
What is considered Animal Science ?
Dairy Cattle
 Beef Cattle
 Sheep
 Swine
 Goats
 Horses
 Poultry
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Ostrich & Emu
 Deer
 Bison
 Aquaculture
 Llamas
 Rare Breeds
 Small Animals
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Top Producing States
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Beef Industry
1. Texas
 2. Kansas
 3. Nebraska
 4. Oklahoma
 5. California
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Top Producing States
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Dairy Production Industry
1. California
 2. Wisconsin
 3. New York
 4. Pennsylvania
 5. Michigan
 6. Idaho
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Top Producing States
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Sheep Production Industry
1. Texas
 2. California
 3. Wyoming
 4. Colorado
 5. South Dakota
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Top Producing States
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Swine Production Industry
1. Iowa
 2. North Carolina
 3. Michigan
 4. Illinois
 5. Indiana
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Top Producing States
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Layers Production Industry
1. California
 2. Ohio
 3. Indiana
 4. Pennsylvania
 5. Iowa
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Top Producing States----
Broilers Production Industry
1. Arkansas
 2. Georgia
 3. Alabama
 4. North Carolina
 5. Mississippi
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Animal Production - General
Purebred Producer
Commercial
Producers
Farm Herd or Flock
Farm Feeding
Commercial
Feedlot
Direct to
Processor
Auction or
Market
Terminal
Market
Conception to
Consumption
Gender Terms for Livestock
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Beef:
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Cow – Female that has had offspring
Heifer – Female that has never given birth
Bull – Male with testicles
Steer – Castrated Bull
Gender Terms for Livestock
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Swine:
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Sow – Female that has had offspring
Guilt – Female that has never given birth
Boar – Male with testicles
Barrow – Castrated Boar
Gender Terms for Livestock
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Sheep:
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Ewe – Female
Ram – Male with testicles
Weither – Castrated Ram
Horse:
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Mare – Female Horse
Stallion – Male with testicles
Gelding – Castrated Stallion